Inhibition Of Protein Denaturation Research Articles

Phytochemical Studies, Anti-Oxidant and Anti- Inflammatory Properties of Four Medicinal Plants

Rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic autoimmune disorder, is characterized by polyarthralgia and joint dysfunction resulting from autoimmune responses that target self-neoepitopes. These attacks lead to the activation of macrophages and other defense cells. By identifying these self-epitopes as biomarkers in RA, researchers have gained valuable insights into the disease’s pathogenesis. Over the years, research has focused on investigating the potential of medicinal plants as antiinflammatory agents. In this study, a hydroethanolic extract of Saraca asoca, Ficus benghalensis, Chenopodium album, and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves was prepared by Soxhlet apparatus. Various concentrations of extracts were utilized to assess phytochemical analysis, GC-MS, in-vitro anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The highest scavenging potential was exhibited by Chenopodium album, as assessed by the DPPH assay (90.32 ± 3.2 %) and H2O2 (86.00 ± 1.94 %). Similarly, the Nyctanthes arbor-tristis showed (92.23 ± 0.83 %) inhibition in membrane stabilization assay, and (91.49 ± 1.03 %) in protein denaturation inhibition capacity. GCMS analysis showed various phytoconstituents in extracts. In order to confirm its therapeutic potential for treating RA, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis may be a better drug candidate that needs to be further researched for mechanistic studies.

Profiling the antidiabetic potential of GC–MS compounds identified from the methanolic extract of Spilanthes filicaulis: experimental and computational insight

This study examines the nutritional composition, phytochemical profiling, and antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory potential of a methanolic extract of Spilanthes filicaulis leaves (MESFL) via in vitro, ex vivo, and in silico studies. In vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities were examined. In the ex vivo study, liver tissues were subjected to FeSO4-induced oxidative damage and treated with varying concentrations of MESFL. MESFL contains a reasonable amount of nitrogen-free extract, moisture, ash content, crude protein, and fat, with a lesser amount of crude fiber. According to GC–MS analysis, MESFL contains ten compounds, the most abundant of which are 13-octadecenal and Ar-tumerone. In this study, MESFL demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities via membrane stabilizing properties, proteinase inhibition, and inhibition of protein denaturation (IC50 = 72.75 ± 11.06 µg/mL). MESFL also strongly inhibited both α-amylase (IC50 = 307.02 ± 4.25 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 215.51 ± 0.47 µg/mL) activities. Our findings also showed that FeSO4-induced tissue damage decreased the levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT activities while increasing the levels of MDA. In contrast, treatment with MESFL helped to restore these parameters to near-normal levels, which signifies that MESFL has great potential to address complications from oxidative stress. Furthermore, the in silico interaction of the GCMS-identified phytochemicals with the active sites of α-amylase and α-glucosidase via molecular and ensembled-based docking displayed strong binding affinities of Ar-tumerone and 4-hydroxy-3-methylacetophenone to α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Taken together, the biological activities of MESFL might be a result of the effects of these secondary metabolites. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Anti-inflammatory Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides From Ethanol Crude Extract of Spyrida Species Red Seaweed.

The extracts derived from red seaweed have shown characteristics that may reduce inflammation. The abovementioned effects can potentially provide positive outcomes in managing inflammatory illnesses, including arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and other skin problems. The polysaccharides were isolated from theSpyridaspecies. The water-soluble polysaccharides were extracted and fractionated from several Indian seaweeds (Red) using a simple, cost-effective approach. Anti-inflammatory effects were further evaluated and validated by FTIR and FESEM analyses. FT-IR and FESEM were used to assess the structural features of polysaccharides and the surface morphology. In addition, the red seaweed species of the genusSpyrida, which includes polysaccharides, was shown to significantly inhibit the denaturation of bovine serum albumin (BSA), further proving that the substance has anti-inflammatory qualities. In this work, an assay to suppress protein activity was utilized to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of polysaccharides derived from Spyrida.As predicted, increasing concentrations of the extract, ranging from 25 to 100 µg/ml, led to a rise in the percentage of inhibited protein denaturation. A statistically significant difference was found between these findings and those obtained with aspirin, a commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicine (NSAID). The red algae that grow in the shallow waters of the southern Indian Ocean may be used in medicine.

Anti-inflammatory Potency of Pulutan (Urena lobata) Leaf extract and its Fractions by Protein Denaturation Inhibition Assay

Pulutan (Urena lobata) is a herb which is traditionally used to treat certain diseases and early studies have shown its effectiveness. However, anti-inflammatory activity of herb has not been explored well. The study aim to determine the anti-inflammatory potency of Urena lobata leaf extract and its fraction by the inhibition of protein denaturation. Methanol solvent is used to extract U. lobata leaf by digeration methods therefore concentrated extract was fractionated using n-hexane (Fraction A), ethyl acetate (Fraction B), n-butanol (Fraction C) and aqueous solvent (Fraction D) respectively. The anti-inflammatory potency of medicinal plants was studied by inhibition of protein denaturation and measured using a spectrophotometer at 660 nm wavelength. Half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were evaluated for at least five different dose (n = 3) and Ibuprofen as a reference drug. Fraction C is greater to suppress protein denaturation (IC50 = 208,75μg/mL) than fraction A (IC50 = 430,20μg/mL), fraction B (IC50 = 491,69μg/mL) and methanolic extract (IC50 = 338,80μg/mL). However, the inhibitory activity of the fraction and extract on protein denaturation was lower than ibuprofen (IC50 = 79,08 μg/mL). Both of extract and fraction U. lobata leaf have potency to inhibit inflammation but the activity more weak than Ibuprofen as the reference drug.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect Of Extract And Fractions Of Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) Leaves

Anti-inflammatory activity test of extract and fraction of gaharu leaf (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) against protein denaturation inhibition in vitro has been carried out. This study aims to determine the percent inhibition of protein denaturation and the strength of anti-inflammatory activity of the concentrated methanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and methanol-water fraction of gaharu leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.). BSA (Bovine serum albumin) is used as the protein to be heated. Diclofenac sodium was used as the positive control, and the negative control used the appropriate solvent. Based on phytochemical screening tests, methanol extracts are known to contain secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and phenolics. The n-hexane fraction contains triterpenoid and steroid compounds. The ethyl acetate fraction contains flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, and phenolic compounds, while the methanol-water fraction contains flavonoid, triterpenoid and phenolic compounds. The results of the anti-inflammatory activity test of crude extract methanol and ethyl acetate fraction showed moderate antiinflammatory potential with IC50 values of 181.58- 168.87 ppm, respectively, while the methanol-water fraction has strong anti-inflammatory potential with IC50 value of 60.84 ppm.

Anti-inflammatory activity of lauric acid, thiocolchicoside and thiocolchicoside-lauric acid formulation.

It is of interest to develop potent and safer anti-inflammatory drugs from plants, as medicinal plants and herbs attained great attention in the medical world due to their multifunctional activities. This article studied the anti-inflammatory effects of lauric acid (LA), thiocolchicoside (TC) and thiocolchicoside-lauric acid (TC-LA) formulation. The anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds were determined by following the methods of inhibition of protein denaturation and proteinase inhibition activity. This was assessed at different concentrations to determine the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of the compounds. The result indicated that the activity of LA, TC, TC-LA formulation, and reference drug increased with the increase in the concentration from 10-50 µg/ml, thus proving the activity of LA, TC, and TC-LA formulation against inflammation was in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage of inhibition of protein denaturation was 59.56%, 66.94%, 86.62%, and 60.34% for LA, TC, the combination of TC-LA and standard drug, and the IC50 values were found to be 44.78 µg/mL, 37.65 µg/mL, 27.15 µg/mL and 43.42 µg/mL, respectively. The percentage of proteinase inhibition activity of LA, TC, and a combination of TC-LA and the standard drug was 66.65%, 77.49%, 94.07%, and 69.83%, and IC50 of LA, TC, a combination of TC-LA and standard drug were35.5 µg/mL, 32.12 µg/mL, 24.35 µg/mL and 37.80 µg/mL, respectively. We found out that lauric acid, thiocolchicoside, and thiocolchicoside-lauric acid formulation exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity.

Astaxanthin-Loaded Chitosan Oligosaccharide/Alginate Nanoparticles: Exploring the Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Potential as a Therapeutic Nutraceutical: An In vitro Study

Astaxanthin (ATX), a member of the xanthophyll carotenoid family, possesses various bioactive properties. However, its incorporation into functional foods, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplements is challenging due to its low water solubility, limited bioaccessibility, and constrained bioavailability. To address this, a nanostructure with chitosan oligosaccharide/alginate nanoparticles (COANPs) was designed. Optimization relied on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) and was evaluated with the response surface methodology (RSM). Upon encapsulating ATX within COANPs, the synthesized ATX-COANPs displayed enhanced in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, these nanoparticles inhibited protein denaturation and demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Based on these findings, ATX-COANPs emerge as a promising oral delivery mechanism for ATX, suitable for integration into nutraceutical and functional food formulations.

Antiarthritic activity of Physalis peruviana fruit extract via inhibition of inflammatory mediators: Integrated in vitro, in vivo and in silico study

Ethnopharmacological relevanceP. peruviana fruit, native to Andean region, is cultivated worldwide for its adaptability to various soil natures and climatic conditions. It is increasingly consumed for its high nutritional profile and history of ethnomedical uses including treatment of arthritis. Little pharmacological evidences support this folk use except for previous in vitro study that reported significant inhibition of protein denaturation. Aim of the studyThe study aims at providing new in vivo evidence on antiarthritic activity of P. peruviana fruits in vivo that justifies its traditional use through mechanism-based experiment. Material and methodsInhibition of inflammatory mediators is considered one of the key treatments to alleviate painful symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed against COX-1 and COX-2 activity in vitro.Serum TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 were traced using in vivo model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Gross/inflammatory changes in rat paw, relative mass indices of spleen and liver were further investigated together with joint tissue histoarchitecture. Seven metabolites from different phytochemical classes, that were previously reported in P. peruviana fruit, were evaluated in silico against TNF-α target protein (PDB ID: 2AZ5) to assess their inhibitory effect. This was followed by assessment of their drug-likeness based on Lipinski's rule according to their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. ResultsHigh dose of extract (E−1000 mg) improved adjuvant-induced cachexia and attenuated immune-inflammatory responses in paw and serum parameters, with equipotent effect to MTX, in addition to minimal side effect profile on spleen and liver. Histopathological study of knee joint tissues confirmed dose-dependent improvement in arthritic groups treated with P. peruviana fruit extracts. The insilico study recommended steroidal lactones withaperuvin E/C and hydroxywithanolide E as promising lead compounds for inhibiting TNF enzyme as evidenced by docking scores of 6.301, 5.488 and 5.763 kcal/mol, respectively, fitting as well the Lipinski's rule of drug likeness. ConclusionThe study provided novel approach that rationalize folk use of P. peruviana fruit in treatment of arthritis.

Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of crude latex (Pergularia tomentosa L.) in Algerian Saharan

This study aimed to evaluate the dry crude latex extract from P. tomentosa, endemic to the Sahara, by determining the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids, and detecting the plant compounds by HPLC chromatography. Also, Antioxidant activity was measured through three tests: (BCB) beta-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay, (DPPH) radical scavenging and (FRAP) ferric reducing ability assay. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that the dry crude latex extract of P. tomentosa showed moderate content of polyphenols and flavonoids in the dry crude latex extract of P. tomentosa. Besides, qualitative HPLC analysis led to the detection of a group of phenolic compounds of this extract that have therapeutic properties. Also, the studied extract had strong activity in the beta-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching test and the values obtained were very close to the reference gallic acid. The results also indicated significant antioxidant activities in the DPPH and FRAP assay compared to ascorbic acid. In addition, the strong effect of dry crude latex extract from P. tomentosa in inhibiting protein denaturation induced by albumin hyperthermia, compared to ASPEGIC®, which is used as a reference drug in infections. In conclusion, the results indicate that the dry crude latex extract of P. tomentosa has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which confirms the use of this extract in folk medicine, which could be a first step in introducing it into therapeutic applications.

In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bamboo Tali Leaf (Gigantochloa apus) Ethanol Extract

Inflammation is a physiological process that serves as a defense mechanism for the body against foreign substances, bacteria, or irritants. Inflammation can be cured with anti-inflammatory drugs. One of the plants that has the potential to be an anti-inflammatory agent is the bamboo leaf. This research aims to analyze the content of secondary metabolites, determine the inhibition value and IC50 value of the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of bamboo tali leaves. Bamboo tali leaves were macerated using 96% ethanol and subjected to phytochemical screening. The extract was then tested for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro with the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein denaturation inhibition method. Bamboo tali leaf ethanol extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and phenols. The anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of bamboo tali leaves with concentrations of 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 ppm had an inhibition percentage value of 23.14 ± 0.008%; 34.30 0.026%; 54.51 0.060%; 69.07 ± 0.006%; and 87.02 ± 0.021% with an IC50 value of 52.991 ppm. These results indicate that the ethanol extract of bamboo tali leaves has the potential to be an anti-inflammatory with a strong IC50 value below 100 ppm.

Evaluation of In-vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Sri Lankan Medicinal Pill of Aloe vera, Centella asiatica, and Strychnos potatorum Exacts Using Egg Albumin Denaturation Assay

Aims: The study aims to evaluate the albumin heat denaturalization inhibition activity of a Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine pill (STMP) as an indirect measure of anti-inflammation.
 Methodology: The extracts of Aloe vera, Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort), and Strychnos potatorum (Cleaning nut) are the ingredients of the pill. Concentration gradients from 1000 µg/ml to 0.02 µg/ml were prepared using egg albumin and phosphate buffer saline. The pill was incubated in controlled experimental settings at various concentrations, and the absorbance was measured to quantify the level of albumin denaturation. One NSAID (Ibuprofen) and one steroid (Prednisolone) were used as the reference drugs. The percentage inhibition of protein denaturation at each concentration was calculated by using the formula of (Vt / Vc - 1) x 100% where Vt = absorbance of the test sample and Vc = absorbance of control.
 Results: The maximum inhibition rate of egg albumin denaturation (46.7%) was seen in the 200 µg/ml concentration, while Prednisolone and Ibuprofen had 2.5% and 24.6% inhibition rates in the same concentration, respectively. Less than 35% inhibition rate of egg albumin denaturation showed in all other concentrations lower than 200 µg/ml (0.1 µg/ml – 100 µg/ml) of this STMP. The inhibition rates of these concentrations did not differ noticeably from those of the reference medications. In addition, the STMP had a 28.3% inhibited rate of egg albumin denaturation in 1000 µg/ml concentration while Prednisolone and Ibuprofen showed low inhibition rates compared to the STMP (3.4% and 13.8% respectively) in this concentration.
 Conclusion: This study discovered that 200 µg/ml of the tested Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine pill had the strongest anti-inflammatory efficacy against protein denaturation. Furthermore, the effect against albumin denaturation in high-concentration Sri Lankan STMP (200 µg/ml and 1000 µg/ml) surpassed that of the reference drugs, signifying a more pronounced impact.

Plant based biosynthesis of TiO2NPs and evaluation of their cytotoxicity, antihemolytic, and protein antidenaturation effects

The current research reports the physicochemical and biological properties of biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) using bioactive compounds of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch extract (Aw-TiO2NPs). The cytotoxic impacts of Aw-TiO2NPs were assessed by the MTT method on A375 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines and normal skin fibroblast cell line and also by hemolysis test against horse red blood cells (RBCs). In addition, apoptotic activity was analyzed by assaying the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Additionally, the potential of Aw-TiO2NPs in inhibiting protein denaturation was evaluated. The prepared Aw-TiO2NPs with a size range of 3–20 nm and almost spherical shape showed an anatase crystallographic phase. A significant dose-dependent reduction in cancer cell viability was observed against anatase Aw-TiO2NPs with IC50 values of 12.5 and 25 µg/mL for A375 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. Aw-TiO2NPs induced the generation of excessive ROS (95.9 %-215.4 %) and decreased MMP (60.9 %-72 %) in cancer cells, which leads to the initiation of intrinsic apoptosis. Furthermore, anatase Aw-TiO2NPs had no hemolytic effects on horse-RBCs and excellently inhibited protein denaturation (80.8 % at 500 µg/mL). Therefore, anatase Aw-TiO2NPs can be a valuable and biocompatible candidate for biomedical applications and clinical uses.

Therapeutic Benefits of Tuna Oil by In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Using a Rat Model of Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammation of the colon lining, represents the main form of inflammatory bowel disease IBD. Nutritional therapy is extremely important in the management of ulcerative colitis. Fish oil contains long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have beneficial effects on health, including anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to investigate the benefits of bluefin tuna oil extracted by the Soxhlet method in vitro by determining the anti-radical and anti-inflammatory activities and in vivo by evaluating the preventive and curative effects. The experiments were carried out using two doses of oil (100 and 260 mg/kg) and glutamine (400 and 1000 mg/kg) on the acetic acid-induced UC model. UC has been induced in Wistar rats by intrarectal administration of a single dose of 1 mL acetic acid (5% v/v in distilled water). The obtained results indicate that tuna oil and glutamine have a significant anti-free radical effect. Tuna oil has a marked anti-inflammatory power based on membrane stabilization and inhibiting protein denaturation. The reduction of various UC parameters, such as weight loss, disease activity score DAS, and colonic ulceration in rats pre-treated with tuna oil and glutamine, demonstrate that these treatments have a significant effect on UC. Total glutathione GSH, superoxide dismutase SOD, and catalase activities are significantly restored in the tuna oil and glutamine groups, while lipid peroxidation has been markedly reduced.

Amherstia Nobilis: an Approach to in Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity

Herbal plant compounds were used in the inhibition of inflammation from traditional period and its main benefit is the less side effects. The aim of this study is to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of Amherstia nobilis by albumin denaturation method. The leaves of the plant were collected, dried and powdered. The egg albumin, phosphate buffer and different concentrations of the plant extracts were incubated at 37°C for 15 minutes and heated at 70°C for 5 minutes. The rate of inhibition of protein denaturation is calculated. The result verified the anti-inflammatory potential of Amherstia nobilis and its prospective use in alleviating inflammation as a natural remedy.

Polyphenol Analysis via LC-MS-ESI and Potent Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Activities of Jatropha multifida L. Extracts Used in Benin Pharmacopoeia.

Jatropha multifida L., a plant from the Euphorbiaceae family, is commonly used in Benin's traditional medicine due to its therapeutic benefits. This study aims to explore the medicinal efficacy of Jatropha multifida L. by evaluating its various biological activities. An initial phytochemical analysis was conducted, following which the polyphenols and flavonoids were quantified and identified using LC-MS-ESI. The antimicrobial efficacy of the extracts was tested using agar diffusion. Their antioxidant capacity was assessed using several methods: DPPH radical reduction, ABTS radical cation reduction, ferric ion (FRAP) reduction, and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Anti-inflammatory activity was determined based on the inhibition of protein (specifically albumin) denaturation. The study identified several phenolic and flavonoid compounds, including 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, o-Coumaroylquinic acid, Apigenin-apiosyl-glucoside, and luteolin-galactoside. Notably, the extracts of J. multifida demonstrated bactericidal effects against a range of pathogens, with Concentration Minimally Bactericidal (CMB) values ranging from 22.67 mg/mL (for organisms such as S. aureus and C. albicans) to 47.61 mg/mL (for E. coli). Among the extracts, the ethanolic variant displayed the most potent DPPH radical scavenging activity, with an IC50 value of 0.72 ± 0.03 mg/mL. In contrast, the methanolic extract was superior in ferric ion reduction, registering 46.23 ± 1.10 µgEAA/g. Interestingly, the water-ethanolic extract surpassed others in the ABTS reduction method with a score of 0.49 ± 0.11 mol ET/g and also showcased the highest albumin denaturation inhibition rate of 97.31 ± 0.35% at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL. In conclusion, the extracts of Jatropha multifida L. are enriched with bioactive compounds that exhibit significant biological activities, underscoring their therapeutic potential.

Comparative Study on the Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Activities of Azolla caroliniana and Azolla filiculoides: In Vitro Study.

Azolla is a floating fern known for its various biological activities. Azolla caroliniana and Azolla filiculoides are multifunctional plants that exhibit biological activity in multiple ways, making them beneficial for various applications. This study aimed to compare the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity activities of two Azolla species, namely Azolla caroliniana and Azolla filiculoides. GC-MS analysis revealed distinct patterns of phytochemical composition in the two species. The methanol extracts of A. caroliniana and A. filiculoides exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against Geotrichum candidum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Furthermore, both extracts demonstrated potential antioxidant activity, as evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in a ferric-reducing activity power (FRAP) assay. Additionally, the extracts showed promising anti-inflammatory activities, including inhibition of protein denaturation, heat-induced red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis, and nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages. Moreover, the methanolic extracts of A. caroliniana displayed higher cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells than those of A. filiculoides in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the methanolic extracts of A. caroliniana and A. filiculoides contain distinct compounds and exhibit potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that the methanolic extracts of A. caroliniana and A. filiculoides have differential phytochemical compositions and possess potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and HepG2 cytotoxic activities.

Adequate pre-freezing handling slows the quality deterioration of frozen obscure pufferfish: Revealed by untargeted metabolomics

To investigate the effect of different pre-freezing handling methods on the frozen quality of farmed obscure pufferfish, live pufferfish were treated with commercial slaughter (CS), spinal cord cutting (SCC), or spinal cord cutting and precooling (SCCP) before freezing. The metabolic status was evaluated by metabolomics before freezing, and quality attributes were analyzed through the water-holding capacity and texture properties of dorsal muscle during frozen storage. The results showed that quality loss followed the order of CS > SCC > SCCP, as revealed by thawing loss, cooking loss, and springiness. A total of 654 metabolites were identified from pufferfish samples; 33 and 25 differential metabolites were screened from the SCC/CS and SCCP/CS groups, respectively. Different pre-freezing handling methods significantly affected arginine and histidine metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and purine metabolism, which may inhibit protein denaturation and ice crystal growth, thereby slowing the quality degradation of frozen pufferfish.

Fabrication of Biogenic Titanium Nanoparticles and Investigating Their Biological Properties for Dental Applications.

Oral inflammation, often triggered by infections, injuries, or immune responses, can compromise treatment outcomes, delay healing, and contribute to patient discomfort. The development of green nanoparticle synthesis methods is receiving attention due to their potential advantages over existing approaches. These procedures use commonly available, affordable, and environmentally friendly natural plant extracts. Due to their numerous uses in various industries, titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) have attracted the most attention among the nanoparticles. In this study, we present the green synthesis of Myristica fragrans (mace) extract as a reductant and stabilizer for the production of curcumin-functionalized TiO2NPs (CTN). We additionally evaluated the effectiveness of these nanoparticles as anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, we aim to develop biogenic TiO2NPs using Myristica fragrans as a natural capping agent and functionalized with curcumin for effectively managing oral inflammation in dental applications. The nanoparticles were synthesized using the green synthesis method and characterized using various characterization techniques. Biocompatibility was evaluated using hemolytic assays, and the bioactivity of the nanoparticles was assessed using anti-inflammatory assays. Curcumin-coated M-TiO2NPs (MCTN) were successfully synthesized and characterized by various techniques, confirming their morphology, crystallinity, functionalization, elemental composition, size, and stability. In vitro bioactivity studies revealed that MCTN exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity, as evidenced by the inhibition of protein denaturation with minimal hemolytic potential. These findings highlight the potential of MCTN as a promising candidate for anti-inflammatory applications. Our results suggest that MCTN exhibits promising anti-inflammatory and anti-hemolytic properties. However, further in-depth in vivo analysis is required to fully understand their efficacy and toxicity.

Microwave assisted green synthesis, Single crystal XRD, DFT, Hirshfeld surface analysis, Antibiofilm, Anti-inflammatory activity and Molecular docking study of 4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-2-amine

The title compound 4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-2-amine was synthesized by the green microwave irradiation method and the structure was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study was performed to investigate the crystal structure of the title compound. Further, the molecular structure was optimized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the B3LYP/6-311G++ (d, p) basic set and compared with X-ray diffraction data. DFT optimized structure, geometrical parameters and IR spectra of the title compound showed excellent correlations with the experimental results. The chemical reactivity and stability of the title compound were studied by molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) analysis. Intermolecular interactions of the title compound were analyzed by Hirschfeld surfaces and 2D-fingerprint plots. In vitro, antibiofilm activity against C. albicans, suggests a potential biofilm inhibitor (MIC 12.5 μg/ml). A molecular docking study of the title compound with the active sights of the target protein (PDB:5TZ1) justifies the results of the antibiofilm activity whereas a drug-likeness pharmacokinetic study is used to analyze the safety and efficiency of the drug. Furthermore, the Anti-inflammatory activity study of the title compound indicates significant (82.63%) inhibition of protein denaturation.

Biological properties of mucus from land snails (Lissachatina fulica) and freshwater snails (Pomacea canaliculata) and histochemical study of mucous cells in their foot.

Mucus derived from many land snails has been extensively utilised in medicine and cosmetics, but some biological activities of the mucus need to be well documented. Nevertheless, most mucus is obtained from land snails, while mucus from freshwater snails has yet to be attended. This study aims to determine and compare mucus's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities from the land snail Lissachatina fulica and the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata. ABTS, DPPH, reducing power and total antioxidant activity assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. Inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 cells was performed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, the histochemical analysis of mucous cells in each snail foot was conducted to compare the distribution of mucous cells and types of mucins using periodic acid-Schiff and Alcian blue staining. Mucus from L. fulica and P. canaliculata exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in different parameters. L. fulica mucus has higher total antioxidant (44.71 ±2.11 mg AAE/g) and nitric oxide inhibitory activities (IC50 = 9.67 ±0.31 µg/ml), whereas P. canaliculata mucus has better-reducing power activity (43.63 ±2.47 mg AAE/g) and protein denaturation inhibition (IC50 = 0.60 ±0.03 mg/ml). Histochemically, both species' dorsal and ventral foot regions contained neutral and acid mucins in different quantities. In the dorsal region, the neutral mucins level in L. fulica (16.64 ±3.46%) was significantly higher than that in P. canaliculata (11.19 ±1.50%), while the acid mucins level showed no significant difference between species. Levels of both mucins in the ventral foot region of L. fulica (15.08 ±3.97% and 10.76 ±3.00%, respectively) were significantly higher than those of P. canaliculata (2.25 ±0.48% and 2.71 ±0.56%, respectively). This study revealed scientific evidence of the biological capacity of mucus from L. fulica and P. canaliculata as well as provided helpful information on the region of the foot which produces effective mucus.