Property Inheritance Research Articles

Изучение признаков урожайности и качества в гибридном поколении комбинаций Тавквери × Мадраса

Research work carried out at the Azerbaijan Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking on the creation of new grape varieties that meet the requirements of crop production and are distinguished by high productivity and quality, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, are of great relevance. The article describes the ampelographic features of new hybrid varieties, as well as the patterns of inheritance of properties and traits and the manifestation of dominance and heterosis in seedlings of the hybrid generation, created by selection in Azerbaijan Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking and its experimental farms. The results of the study and comparative analysis of the morphological, biological and economic-technological features of several hybrid varieties are presented, as well as a digital description of the traits and properties of genotypes, based on the use of ampelodescriptors of the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV).

A Comparative Analysis Of Gender And Old Age Problems In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The study of old age problems is an emerging field in Pakistan. Old age brings variety of problems for both males and females, however, the nature of the problems of elderly men and women are different. This paper compares and analyses the problems faced by elderly men and women. This research study has been conducted in the semi urban town of Timergara, the head quarter of District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected from the respondents aged 60 years and above through in-depth interviews. The respondents were selected using convenient sampling technique. The study finds that because of gender discrimination and cultural factors, women have lower access to health services than men. Consequently health problems of elderly women are more severe than the health problems of elderly men. The study further finds that women at old age are poorer than men due to cultural restrictions on education, women employment, deprivation from property inheritance. Lack of old age pension and widowhood also plays role in poverty of elderly women.

Inheritance of physico-chemical properties and ROS generation by carbon quantum dots derived from pyrolytically carbonized bacterial sources.

Bacteria are frequently used in industrial processes and nutrient supplementation to restore a healthy human microflora, but use of live bacteria is often troublesome. Here, we hypothesize that bacterially-derived carbon-quantum-dots obtained through pyrolytic carbonization inherit physico-chemical properties from probiotic and pathogenic source-bacteria. Carbon-quantum-dots carbonized at reaction-temperatures below 200 ​°C had negligible quantum-yields, while temperatures above 220 ​°C yielded poor water-suspendability. Fourier-transform infrared-spectroscopy demonstrated preservation of amide absorption bands in carbon-quantum-dots derived at intermediate temperatures. X-ray photoelectron-spectroscopy indicated that the at%N in carbon-quantum-dots increased with increasing amounts of protein in source-bacterial surfaces. Carbonization transformed hydrocarbon-like bacterial surface compounds into heterocyclic aromatic-carbon structures, evidenced by a broad infrared absorption band (920-900 ​cm−1) and the presence of carbon in C–C functionalities of carbon-quantum-dots. The chemical composition of bacterially-derived carbon-quantum-dots could be explained by the degradation temperatures of main bacterial cell surface compounds. All carbon-quantum-dots generated reactive-oxygen-species, most notably those derived from probiotic lactobacilli, carrying a high amount of surface protein. Concluding, amide functionalities in carbon-quantum-dots are inherited from surface proteins of source-bacteria, controlling reactive-oxygen-species generation. This paves the way for applications of bacterially-derived carbon-quantum-dots in which reactive-oxygen-species generation is essential, instead of hard-to-use live bacteria, such as in food supplementation or probiotic-assisted antibiotic therapy.

Single-Cell Cloning of Breast Cancer Cells Secreting Specific Subsets of Extracellular Vesicles.

Simple SummaryExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are a pivotal mechanism for long-distance intercellular communication and facilitate the stable transport of biological information. Conventional methods for profiling EVs are focused on the biological cargo obtained from large populations of cells and cannot map the secretion of specific subsets of EVs onto their cell of origin. We developed a high-throughput single-cell cloning method that can identify the kinetics of secretion of specific subsets of EVs. With the aid of this methodology, we illustrate that secretion of specific subsets of EVs can be an inheritable property of cancer cells. Our single-cell methodology enables the direct integration of EV secretion with multiple cellular functions and can enable new insights into cell and disease biology.Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate communication in health and disease. Conventional assays are limited in profiling EVs secreted from large populations of cells and cannot map EV secretion onto individual cells and their functional profiles. We developed a high-throughput single-cell technique that enabled the mapping of dynamics of EV secretion. By utilizing breast cancer cell lines, we established that EV secretion is heterogeneous at the single-cell level and that non-metastatic cancer cells can secrete specific subsets of EVs. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed that pathways related to EV secretion were enriched in the non-metastatic cells compared with metastatic cells. We established isogenic clonal cell lines from non-metastatic cells with differing propensities for CD81+CD63+EV secretion and showed for the first time that specificity in EV secretion is an inheritable property preserved during cell division. Combined in vitro and animal studies with these cell lines suggested that CD81+CD63+EV secretion can impede tumor formation. In human non-metastatic breast tumors, tumors enriched in signatures of CD81+CD63+EV have a better prognosis, higher immune cytolytic activity, and enrichment of pro-inflammatory macrophages compared with tumors with low CD81+CD63+EVs signatures. Our single-cell methodology enables the direct integration of EV secretion with multiple cellular functions and enables new insights into cell/disease biology.

SISTEM KEWARISAN MENURUT HUKUM ADAT MASYARAKAT SUKU TALANG MAMAK

The customary legal system of the Mamak Tribe community with a matrilineal kinship system. The division of the inheritance system according to the customary law of the talak mamak tribe adheres to the matrilineal system and the combination between the individual inheritance system and the collective inheritance system. The division of inheritance is done by ninik mamak of the heirs. First, high estate, low estate (livelihood / livelihood) should be separated from the property of the husband and wife, after which the division of this inheritance property can be distributed to the heirs. When a dispute arises, it is first resolved as a family through deliberation. Dispute Resolution on the Rights of the Mamak Tribe Women According to the Dispute over the rights of the Mamak Tribe Women will be brought to a deliberation within the Talang Mamak Tribunal if no agreement is found in the family, then a resolution is requested in the Mamak Tribal Tribal Customs procedure. The parties involved in resolving the dispute over the women's rights of the Talang Mamak Tribe include: the Head of the Tribe, as well as all the customary leaders in the institution.

Some modern problems of notary protection and safeguarding subjective civil rights

In the article the authour studies some theoretical foundations of the notion of personal civil rights «protection» and «safeguarding» by a notary. It has been specified that the protection and safeguarding of personal rights is performed by notaries only when there is a conflict within some notarial acts, such as: safekeeping of inheritance property, acceptance for safekeeping or on deposit by a notary, making enforcement inscriptions, noting of a bill etc. Given this, it seems necessary to find out whether in all cases the notary activities are being involved in the notion of «rights protection». It has been determined that unlike various ways of civil rights protection in court (Art. 16 of the Civil Code), a notary, in accordance with the Art. 18 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, performs the protection in only one way — by means of making a writ of execution. Notarial form of protection is also a jurisdictional form of civil rights protection; however some scholars (O. Vershynin, O. Mykhailova) refer it to an administrative form. In our opinion, it is difficult to agree with this, as notaries do not belong to public authorities, neither they perform administrative functions, but their activity is reduced to law enforcement. The above gives grounds to qualify the notary activity as a specific jurisdictional form of personal civil rights protection. The main means of implementation of the notarial form of protection is making a writ of execution on a debt document. Other scholars (T. Kiyko (Kovalchuk) referred, among other, a notarized consent of one of the parents to another one to bring their child out of the country, to protective functions of notariat. However, it should be noted that in all the cases a notary does not perform the protection of personal right in its traditional sense as implementation of a certain coercive measure aimed to restore a violated right or property of an injured person. That is why there some grounds to speak of preventive character of notarial activity and, accordingly, to refer it to the means of rights safeguarding but not protection. Based on that, the present version of the Article 18 of the Civil Code of Ukraine should be considered favorable. However, V. Marchenko does not share this opinion. He believes that this norm of the Article 18 of the Civil Code of Ukraine reduces the role of a notary only to protecting civil rights by making a writ of execution and, at the same time, ignores the safeguarding function as well as it does not reflect the essence of notariat hence causing failure to use all the capacity and potential of the institution. The author specifies that protection of the civil rights should be expanded on account of providing possibility of personal protection not only in case of violation, rejection or contestation of the rights, but also in case of real threat of their violation. It is appropriate to provide the preventive protection only in connection with an inevitable violation of the right in future if no preventive efforts will be used. The author made some conclusions about preventive character of notarial activity and, accordingly, referred it to the means of the rights safeguarding but not the protection. Key words: notary, notariat, notarial acts, personal rights, rights protection, rights safeguarding.

Traditional Society in South-Eastern Nigeria: Implications for Women's Health

Property in Igbo traditional land and culture refers to wealth in the forms of houses, lands, money/cash, fruit trees and animals. These are transferred from the father to his children at the man's death. Property inherited from the family usually forms part of a person's wealth in Nigeria. However, in Anambra, Igbo, women are not allowed to inherit property either from their father or their husbands. Under this arrangement, a woman is seen as an inheritable property and, therefore, not expected to own properties. The paper examines the practice of women as inheritable property of the Anambra, Igbo; analyses how these practices have impacted women's health; and ascertains whether there have been changes in these practices. The paper concludes that women as inheritable property impoverishes women and constitutes a barrier to women attaining their full potentials in Igboland, which has serious implications for their health.

Calibration of discrete element parameters of crop residues and their interfaces with soil

The existence of crop residues in fields affects the performance of agricultural equipment. To develop high-efficiency agricultural equipment, it is necessary to identify the mechanical properties of crop residues and understand how they interact with soils. Through tests and simulations, this study focused on understanding the macro and microscopic shear properties of five different crop residues (canola, corn, flax, oats, and wheat) and their interaction with soil. Ring shear test results showed that internal friction angles varied from 16.4 to 26° for the crop residues, while direct shear test results showed that soil-residue interface friction angles varied from 41.3 to 47.4°. These measured test data were then used to calibrate microparameters: friction coefficient (µ), and the particle normal (kn) and shear (ks) stiffnesses. The calibrated crop residue kn and ks ranged from 5e3 to 5e4 N m−1, and µ ranged from 0.025 to 0.425. The soil-residue interface microparameters were calculated using the surface property inheritance approach. After calculations, the resulting soil-residue interface kn and ks ranged from 3.4e3 to 9.7e3 N m−1, and µ ranged from 0.025 to 0.425. Using these calibrated values, the discrete element models of shear tests simulated well the measured stress-displacement relationships and friction angles with relative errors less than 2%. The microparameter values obtained from this research will be beneficial to improve the reliability of discrete element models that simulate soil and crop residue interactions in tillage.

Наследование имущества индивидуального предпринимателя

The last will issues are always relevant, since they are associated with the desire and ability of a citizen to provide financially for their heirs. The current legislation takes into account the will of the testator and reflects, to some extent, the changes that occur in society. The present article features the current inheritance law of the Russian Federation, which, as it appears, do not reflect the special legal status of an individual entrepreneur. The authors analyzed statistical data confirming the place of individual entrepreneurs in the modern economy. The legislation on inheritance underestimates this fact, which leads to a violation of people’s rights and negative consequences in the business sphere. The research objective was to consider the issues of inheritance after the death of an individual entrepreneur, taking into account the preservation of the business, the stability of civil circulation, and the interests of the testator. The authors examined the existing approaches to the legal status of an individual entrepreneur and various cases of controversial conclusion about the property inheritance. They also assessed the effectiveness of legal regulation of inheriting the property of an individual entrepreneur and developed options for preserving the business, including a trust management agreement for inherited property. However, the notarial practice in this regard remains quite inconsistent. The paper contains several proposals for improving the current inheritance law.

A Knowledge Approach for the Library Sciences

Like chemistry's table of elements, the knowledge spectrum organizes a large amount of information about knowledge, dividing intelligent behavior into its essential cognitive elements. This paper describes a way to catalog, measure, and analyze organization knowledge requirements and knowledge resources through inheritance of knowledge spectrum properties. Business process knowledge requirements trees and employee knowledge profiles would be created to permit knowledge requirements fulfillment analyses.

A Research on the Basic Structure of Family Trust and Testamentary Trust Disputes

「福祉型信託」（Welfare Trusts）為家族治理（Family Governance）、家族事業所有權（Family Property Business Ownership）、家族財產事業經營管理（Family Property Business Management）所組成之「家族信託」（Family Trust）核心，具有民事信託與商業信託之雙面性，且非僅僅為單純之財產管理制度，而係「財產管理運用、活用以及傳承」機能之最大程度展現，以完整支援信託利益享有者包括生活及財產管理全盤支援架構建立之身心照護。有鑑於此，本文以我國信託法主要繼受之日本「信託法」法制規範及其相關學理與實務發展為比較法對象，以福祉型信託為核心，對家族信託與遺囑信託進行研究。首先，家族信託制度之建置上，須考量其與消費者權益調和、裁量信託使用界線與合理分配、共益定性、第三人介入之限制、責任信託之搭配。其次，針對永續傳承、連續受益人、特留分、目的信託與特定目的信託、「閉鎖性公司＋自益信託」架構等家族信託爭議問題，提出研究對策。再者，家族信託法制尚未完整建立前，應以前述福祉型信託為核心之家族信託為基礎，對信託行為與方法解釋與修正、受益人權益確保、遺囑信託受託催告、法院選任遺囑信託受託人、遺囑信託委託人之繼承人、替代遺囑信託等議題進行解析，俾使我國遺囑信託功能確實發揮與家族信託內涵相互搭配。最後，從家族信託架構下之委託人與受託人角色與功能，提出本文之結論與建議。<br />“Welfare trust”is the core of a family trust composed of family governance, family property business ownership, and family property business management. It has duality of civil trust and commercial trust in that it is not only a pure property management system, but also the maximum demonstration of the function of property management application, utilization, and inheritance to support the physical and mental care of the trust beneficiaries which include the establishment of a comprehensive support structure for life and a thorough property management. In the establishment of the family trust system, this article firstly argues that it is necessary to consider the coordination with consumer rights, discretionary trust boundaries and reasonable distribution, common benefits, restrictions on third party intervention, and liability trust. Secondly, this article puts forward the research results on the controversial issues of family trust such as perpetual inheritance, continuous beneficiaries, legally reserved portion, purpose trusts and special purpose trusts, and“closed company with self-benefit trust”structure. Furthermore, before the establishment of a complete family trust legal structure, it is important to analyze the combination of testamentary trust and family trust, interpretation and amendment of trust behaviors and methods to ensure the rights and interests of the beneficiaries, and the appointment the trustee of the testamentary trust by the court, the successor of the settlor of the testamentary trust, and alternative testamentary trust (trust with successive beneficiaries). Finally, the article provides conclusions and suggestions from the perspective of the settlor and the trustee of trust.<br />

Access to Land for Sustainable National Development: Land Delivery Channels and Tenure Security Institutions in Benin City, Nigeria

It is increasingly being recognized that secure tenure is the bedrock of sustainable development. Used as one of the indicators for measuring progress in development goals, secure tenure forms the basic framework for assessing sustainable human settlements’ development since its adoption in the 1996 Istanbul Declaration. Since secure land tenure has been recognized to reduce poverty, land conflicts and guarantee property inheritance, it, therefore, forms part of an integrated development approach of the Post-2015 Development Agenda in the context of human settlements. This article, therefore, examines the place of access to land and tenure security in the context of sustainable development with a particular focus on neo-customary land delivery systems and tenure security institutions that underpinned tenure rights in Benin City. Through focus group discussions (FGDs) with key actors and semi-structured interviews of resident home-owners, the customary process and institutions that guaranteed tenure security were identified. The study reveals a number of key tenure security issues in the neo-customary land delivery systems which show that though neo-customary land delivery channels increase access to land, sustainable development will be compromised as long as the customary institutions cannot guarantee secure tenure, particularly for the urban poor.

COMBINING ABILITY AND GENE ACTIONS FOR GLUTEN RHEOLOGICAL TRAITS OF “LINE×TESTER” BREAD WHEAT HYBRIDS

The fast and reliable measurement techniques in determining bread-making quality such as GlutoPeak parameters is need in a cereal quality breeding programs. Therefore, this study intended to investigate gene actions in the inheritance of gluten rheological properties measured by Glutopeak tester in 28 hybrids of “Line×Tester” bread wheat and their 11 parents based on knowledge of combining ability. There was a prominence of non-additive gene effects for all the traits examined. Well-performed parents such as DH20 and Harmankaya-99 were good combiners for almost all examined traits. “DH16×Bezostaja-1”, “DH20×Bezostaja- 1”, “DH20×Harmankaya-99”, “DH21×Altay-2000”, and “DH22×Kate A-1” were promising combinations based on their SCA effects. There may be an opportunity to select the best genotypes in the F2 generation for protein rate, sedimentation value and GlutoPeak parameters such as peak maximum time (PMT) and maximum torque (AM and PM) considering the little increase in narrow sense heritability. This first report, which sheds light on the genetic analysis of GlutoPeak parameters, should be supported by studies that will examine the Glutopeak properties in different segregation generations of hybrids with different originated parents.

Sistem Waris Penduduk Pribumi Mandala Desa Campursari Kecamatan Megang Sakti Kabupaten Musi Rawas Perfektif Hukum Islam di Indonesia

The purpose of the study was to figure out how the inheritance system differences of the indigenous mandala population with islamic law. Indigenous residents are natives who settled in Mandala designation of the Megang Sakti Campusari Village area of Musi Rawas County South Sumatra Province. This research is field research or field research. In reviewing primary data obtained from author interviews using a qualitative approach. From the research done then the authors get the results of the study that the inheritance system of the Indigenous Mandala population is incompatible with the syarat’ and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). It is due to Islamic law and KHI article 174. Kinship due to the nasab is not only the descendant of the lower heir, but rather there are from the ancestors of the upward heir like father or grandfather and sideways like siblings and a father of heir. The part of the boy's inheritance when heirs with daughters is twice the part of girls, meaning the part of girls half of the part of boys. It is set in articles 176 to 182 KHI. In article 209 KHI the adopted child section is restricted to a maximum of one-third of the inheritance property through mandatory wills

Universal Approach to Solution of Optimization Problems by Symbolic Regression

Optimization problems and their solution by symbolic regression methods are considered. The search is performed on non-Euclidean space. In such spaces it is impossible to determine a distance between two potential solutions and, therefore, algorithms using arithmetic operations of multiplication and addition are not used there. The search of optimal solution is performed on the space of codes. It is proposed that the principle of small variations of basic solution be applied as a universal approach to create search algorithms. Small variations cause a neighborhood of a potential solution, and the solution is searched for within this neighborhood. The concept of inheritance property is introduced. It is shown that for non-Euclidean search space, the application of evolution and small variations of possible solutions is effective. Examples of using the principle of small variation of basic solution for different symbolic regression methods are presented.

Geometry of product spaces

We study the inheritance of some geometric properties in a class of normed subspaces of products of normed spaces. This class includes the standard p-direct sums for 1≤p≤∞. We obtain necessary conditions for a space of this class to be (1) n-uniformly rotund, (2) n-uniformly rotund relative to every n-dimensional subspace and (3) n-rotund for some positive integer n. In each of the three cases, we identify a subclass such that the same conditions are sufficient for a member to have the corresponding property.

Default Inheritance in Modified Statements: Bias or Inference?

It is a fact that human subjects rate sentences about typical properties such as “Ravens are black” as very likely to be true. In comparison, modified sentences such as “Feathered ravens are black” receive lower ratings, especially if the modifier is atypical for the noun, as in “Jungle ravens are black”. This is called the modifier effect. However, the likelihood of the unmodified statement influences the perceived likelihood of the modified statement: the higher the rated likelihood of the unmodified sentence, the higher the rated likelihood of the modified one. That means the modifier effect does not fully block default inheritance of typical properties from nouns to modified nouns. This paper discusses this inheritance effect. In particular, I ask whether it is the direct result of composing concepts from nouns, that is, a bias toward “black” when processing “raven”. I report a series of experiments in which I find no evidence for a direct inheritance from composition. This supports the view that default inheritance is rather an inference than a bias.

The network of reflexive dative constructions in South Slavic

Abstract This paper analyses a number of constructions with a reflexive marker on the verb and a dative argument, using the framework of Construction Grammar. In these constructions the predication is ascribed in various modes to the experiencer argument. We focus on these constructions in the South Slavic languages in which they have a wide distribution, Macedonian, Bulgarian and Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS). The following basic types are identified: Emotional processes and states, Accidental, Perception/Cognition and Stative Reflexive-Dative Construction (SRDC). The specific clusters of features in each one are due to the inheritance properties from a reflexive construction, indicating a valence reduction, in combination with the features of affectedness and lack of control, characteristic of a dative argument. This results in varied but multiply linked patterns that create a complex network of constructions. The study aims at defining the relations between these constructions and in particular at determining the place of SRDC in this network.

The regulation mechanisms and the Lamarckian inheritance property of DNA methylation in animals.

DNA methylation is a stable and heritable epigenetic mechanism, of which the main functions are stabilizing the transcription of genes and promoting genetic conservation. In animals, the direct molecular inducers of DNA methylation mainly include histone covalent modification and non-coding RNA, whereas the fundamental regulators of DNA methylation are genetic and environmental factors. As is well known, competition is present everywhere in life systems, and will finally strike a balance that is optimal for the animal's survival and reproduction. The same goes for the regulation of DNA methylation. Genetic and environmental factors, respectively, are responsible for the programmed and plasticity changes of DNA methylation, and keen competition exists between genetically influenced procedural remodeling and environmentally influenced plastic alteration. In this process, genetic and environmental factors collaboratively decide the methylation patterns of corresponding loci. DNA methylation alterations induced by environmental factors can be transgenerationally inherited, and exhibit the characteristic of Lamarckian inheritance. Further research on regulatory mechanisms and the environmental plasticity of DNA methylation will provide strong support for understanding the biological function and evolutionary effects of DNA methylation.

Раздел совместно нажитого имущества бывших супругов в случае смерти одного из них: правовое регулирование и правоприменительная практика

Introduction: the study of the division of jointly acquired property of spouses and inheritance of property has always been given special attention by the scientists and practitioners. Quite a lot of works are devoted to this area of legal relations. However, it is not so variable and depends on the intricacies of life that there are constantly many issues that require special research and improvement of the legal regulation. The division of jointly acquired property by the spouses at the dissolution of the marriage is regulated by the norms of family law, as well as civil law in the event of the death of one of the former spouses, who do not fully correspond to each other. In this regard, today citizens often face the problems of protecting their property rights. The purpose of the research: to reveal some aspects of the legal regulation and law enforcement practice of protecting the rights of former spouses in the division of jointly acquired property in the event of the death of one of them, and to offer suggestions to help improve the relevant rules. Methods: the methods of scientific cognition are applied together, among which the main ones are the formal-legal, system methods, analysis and synthesis. Results: it is proved that the current system of the legal regulation of division of joint property of the former spouses in the event of the death of one of them requires the improvement of the legal regulation, as laid down in the legislation, the protection of property rights is quite long and expensive, which leads to the futility of efforts. Conclusions: the law enforcement practice of protecting the property rights of former spouses in the division of jointly acquired property should be recognized as generally conforming to the established norms of law. However, the lack of the clear legal regulation of the criteria and conditions for the division of jointly acquired property in the event of opening of an inheritance after the former spouse before the expiration of the threeyear statute of limitations, leads to the situations where 2 spouses will claim the inheritance – the former and the present. This situation leads to costly conflicts that are resolved in court.