Ingrown Toenails Research Articles

Decompression and gutter splint techniques to prevent recurrence in ingrowing toenails

Ingrowing toenails (IT) is puncture of periungual skin by its surrounding nail plate. IT most frequently occurs in males aged 10-30 years. Pathogenesis of IT is multifactorial. Patients most commonly present with toe pain and may also complain erythema, swelling, or discharge from the nail edge. The clinical presentation of IT has been divided into three stages; stage I or inflammatory stages, stage II or abcess formation, and stage III or granulation tissue formation. IT is a nail disease with high reccurences that commonly seen in daily practice. Several treatment approaches ranging from conservative therapy (gutter splint) to surgical treatment (decompression technique). We report a case of IT in a 13-year-old boy that treated with decompression and gutter splint technique. The combination of this technique provides good results for IT and there was no recurrences after two months of observation.

Paediatric nail consultation in an academic centre in Belgium: a 10-year retrospective study.

Very few studies have been conducted to establish the nature and prevalence of nail disorders in children. To determine the frequency of various nail conditions in the paediatric setting and to report their management and follow-up. This was a retrospective study between 2007 and 2017 of children under 18. All the patients were evaluated in our paediatric nail clinic at the dermatology department of Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital. The data were synthesized from information obtained through medical records as well as from photographs taken during consultation. Follow-up was completed by phone interview. Three hundred and one patients were included. The majority of nail abnormalities involved the toenails (57.6%). The most common clinical signs were, in descending order, Beau's lines, pachyonychia, subungual hyperkeratosis and onycholysis. The most frequent diagnoses were fever-related Beau's lines or onychomadesis (9.7%), trachyonychia (8.4%), longitudinal melanonychia (8.1%) and congenital malalignment of the great toenail (8.1%). The main diagnoses by age group were as follows: congenital hypertrophy of the lateral nail folds (21.4%) [0-2years old]; fever-related Beau's lines or onychomadesis (21%) [2-6years old]; trachyonychia (22%) [6-12years old]; and juvenile ingrown nail (21.4%) [12-18years old]. Management included clinical observation for 119 patients and specific advices for 108 patients. A treatment was prescribed for 134 patients, topical in 76.5% of cases. Follow-up demonstrated complete healing in 50.6% of patients and improvement in 19.7%. The most frequent nail disorders are benign, and their distribution varies with age. Management mainly involves conservative care, and the prognosis is favourable in the majority.

A new 1-sided nail brace for ingrown toenails of lesser toes

A new 1-sided nail brace for ingrown toenails of lesser toes

Ingrown Toenails During Chemotherapy and Stem Cell Transplantation in Children With Hematologic Malignancies and Solid Tumors.

At our institution, we noted that children with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors often suffered from ingrown toenails (IGTNs) during hospitalization for chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. However, only few reports have dealt with IGTNs in the above setting. Between August 2007 and July 2017, 180 children who received treatment for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors at our institute were enrolled in this study. Twelve patients with insufficient data and 7 patients with past histories of IGTNs were excluded. A total of 161 patients were analyzed. Median age at admission was 7.9 years (range, 1.0 to 25.4 y), with 92 males and 69 females. Diagnoses were hematologic diseases in 128 patients, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 75 patients, and solid tumors in 33 patients. A total of 22 patients (13.7%) suffered from IGTNs (or toe paronychia) during hospitalization. Multivariable analysis disclosed a strong correlation between the occurrence of IGTNs and older age (over 9.0 y) and ALL. Patient-related factors, such as age over 9 years and ALL were associated with IGTNs. This is the first report of a survey on IGTNs in patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors hospitalized for chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation.

Quality of life improvement in aged patients after toenail surgery.

Patients of all ages can develop nail disorders, such as onychocryptosis, which are recurrent and painful conditions. The aim of the study was to compare the quality of life in agroup of aged patients with recurrent and painful ingrown toenails before and after chemical nail surgery to treat onychocryptosis. The study design utilized apresurgery and a postsurgery questionnaire and examined prospective serial cases. The participants were drawn from an outpatient podiatric clinic from 1 January 2015 to 29 August 2016. The final sample of patients (>65years old) underwent nail surgery with chemical matricectomy using phenol. In addition to the chemical nail surgical procedure, the patients completed the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) and the Borg CR-10 scale category ratio (CR) within 4weeks prior to surgery. The patients completed both questionnaires again through mailing 3months postsurgery. Lower MOXFQ scores were noted after surgery, demonstrating an improvement in quality of life after chemical nail surgery. Men and women exhibited similar results (p > 0.05), with the exception of the Borg CR-10 scale where women reported more residual pain compared with men, with scores of 1.26 ± 1.65 and 0.09 ± 0.20, respectively (p = 0.011). After achemical nail surgery procedure, the quality of life improved in aged patients with recurrent and painful ingrown toenails.

A Survey Study on Causes, Treatment and Prevention of Onychocryptosis

Introduction: An ingrown toenail, also called as onychocryptosis, is one of the most common disorders of the toe. It is described as the extension of the side of the nail inside the nail bed which causes bleeding, sharp pain and possible infection can occur. The main causes of this condition are any injury to the nail, bacterial infection of the nail bed or wearing tight fitting shoes on a daily basis. The aim of this research is to check the status of ingrown toenails in an area. Materials and Method: 26 people ranging from the age 12 to 60 who have had ingrown toenail in the past or had ingrown toenail during the time of data collection were included. Their preferred type of footwear, occupation, treatment taken, places visited often before the condition developed were recorded and the cause of their disorder was deduced. Based on these data, the methods to prevent ingrown toenails were deduced. Result: Teenagers are more prone to ingrown toenails than any other age groups. Stage 1 was the most common type of ingrown toenail. Out of the people who had ingrown toenails, most of them wore poorly fitting shoes. Trauma to the nail was the most common cause of ingrown toenail. Conservative Therapy was the most common type of treatment for ingrown toenails. Conclusion: Ingrown toenail is one of the most common nail disorders. Since teenagers are the most agile group, they are more prone to the disease. This disease can be easily avoided by maintaining the hygiene of the feet and by wearing proper fitting shoes.

Radio-frequency Ablation for Matricectomy in the Management of Ingrown Toenail: A Pilot Study.

Introduction:Ingrown toenail is one of the most commonly encountered nail disorders that adversely affect the quality of life. The common surgical intervention includes partial nail avulsion with chemical matricectomy but it has a relatively longer recovery period. We attempted to study the efficacy and safety of radio frequency (RF) for matricectomy.Materials and Methods:Eight patients with total 10 ingrown toenails (grade 2) were recruited. Partial nail avulsion with RF ablation of matrix was performed. The radio-frequency electrode was placed over the lateral matrix horn for the duration of 3–5s, two to three times. Patients were followed up at regular interval. Outcome was measured in terms of ooze, erythema, pain, and swelling of the lateral nail folds.Results:Of the eight patients, six were males and two were females. Total 10 nails were treated as two patients had bilateral toenail involvement. Average number of days required for postprocedural healing was 7.5 days. Significant improvement was observed in terms of erythema, pain as well as swelling within 4 days of surgery. None of the cases showed any adverse effects or relapse within 3–5 months of follow-up.Conclusion:Matricectomy by radio-frequency ablation is a safe and effective method in the management of ingrown toenail with significant reduction in downtime.

Review of onychocryptosis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment

Ingrown toenail, or onychocryptosis, is a highly prevalent nail condition that occurs when the nail edge grows into the periungual dermis. It most frequently affects the hallux and has a biphasic presentation, being most common in the second and fifth decades. It is often painful and may be debilitating in severe cases. Risk factors include trauma, weight changes, poor nail-cutting technique, and hyperhidrosis. Both conservative and surgical treatments have been described, and choice of therapy is dependent on patient co-morbidities, severity, and associated symptoms. This review covers the epidemiology, risks factors, pathogenesis, evaluation, and staging of ingrown toenails, as well as, treatment options. Although there is an unmet need for clinical trials comparing therapies, current recommendations are to treat conservatively and then proceed to surgical therapies if symptoms persist.

Short-Term Surgical Outcome of the Partial Nail Extraction in Ingrown Nail of Military Trainee: Is Matrixectomy Necessary?

Short-Term Surgical Outcome of the Partial Nail Extraction in Ingrown Nail of Military Trainee: Is Matrixectomy Necessary?

The Treatment of Ingrown Toenails: A Retrospective Study of Combined Wedge Resection with Phenol Versus Silver Nitrate Cauterization

The Treatment of Ingrown Toenails: A Retrospective Study of Combined Wedge Resection with Phenol Versus Silver Nitrate Cauterization

陥入爪・巻き爪の違いと治療 －この似て非なるもの－

陥入爪・巻き爪の違いと治療 －この似て非なるもの－

Improved outcomes of a modified suture technique applied after nail fold and partial nail bed excision

Objective To evaluate the effect of the modified suture technique applied after nail fold and partial nail bed excision for the treatment of ingrown toenails. Methods From July 2014 to December 2016, 96 cases of ingrown toenails were performed with nail fold and partial nail bed excision. The modified suture technique was used in 46 cases (study group) and the traditional suture technique was used in 50 cases (control group). Postoperative pain, bleeding, infection, recurrence, the recovery time of normal walking and wound healing time were observed and compared. Results After operation, 91 patients were follow-up for 9 to 16 months with an average of 12. 3 months, while 5 cases were lost. The level of postoperative pain, bleeding, recovery time of normal walking and wound healing time from the study group were lower than those from the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P 0. 05). Conclusion The improved suture technique can improve the postoperative pain and bleeding for the patients performed with nail fold and partial nail bed excision, shorten the recovery time of normal walking and the wound healing time, but it will not increase the rate of postoperative infection and recurrence. Key words: Nails, ingrown; Surgical procedures, operative; Suture techniques

Preservative and surgical interventions to treat ingrown nail and pincer nail

AbstractIngrown nail and pincer nail are common diseases. Although they are sometimes indistinguishable and described together, they are different conditions. Pincer nail is a situation where nail plate is curved transversely. On the other hand, ingrown nail represents a condition, where lateral edge of nail cuts deep into the lateral nail fold causing severe inflammation and even pyogenic granuloma. Ingrown nail and pincer nail coexist in some patients. In certain occupational environments, these nail diseases frequently occur as well as irritant and allergic skin diseases. In addition, they may take place in patients receiving epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Different approaches should be made for the treatment of these nail conditions. Historically, surgical interventions, as exemplified by partial avulsion of nail plate and matricectomy, were usually selected. Currently, a number of preservative methods have been emerging, including nail sculpture, Tsume Flat®, Pedigrass®, VHO®, and hyperelastic wire. However, there has been no golden standard. Each facility takes its own method for the treatment. In this review, we explain these preservative methods as well as surgical interventions.

B/S Brace as an Alternative Treatment for Ingrown Toenails

B/S Brace as an Alternative Treatment for Ingrown Toenails

Surgical Treatment of Ingrown Toenail by Nail Fold Resection without Matricectomy

Background: ingrown toenail is a common condition. Although many methods for treatment are available, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment. Aim of the study: to evaluate surgical correction of ingrown toenails via soft-tissue excision of the nail folds with preservation of the nail and its matrix. Patients and Methods: This study includes one hundred (100) patients suffering from ingrowing toenail; these patients were enrolled in a combined prospective study and had a retrospectively gathered outcome analysis at the department of surgery, AL-Azhar University Hospital from October 2017 to October 2018. Results: significantly short operative time was recorded. Postoperative wound complications occurred in 15.7%% of patients. All cases presented in grade I (33 cases), only one case, symptoms and signs of grade I recurred 1 month after operation (recurrence rate 0.9%). The 27 cases presented in grade II ingrown toenails, symptoms and signs recurred in 7 cases (recurrence rate 6.5%). The 48 cases presented in grade III, symptoms and signs recurred in 10 cases (recurrence rate 9.2%). The recurrence rate in all cases was 18 cases (16.66%). Conclusion: nail fold excision of ingrowing toenail without matrisectomy is considered as an effective and safe method for ingrown nail treatment.

Surgical Treatment of Ingrown Toenail by Nail Fold Resection without Matricectomy

Surgical Treatment of Ingrown Toenail by Nail Fold Resection without Matricectomy

Epidemiology and bone-related comorbidities of ingrown nail: A nationwide population-based study.

Although ingrown nail (IN) is common, there is no large-scale study regarding its epidemiology and risk factors, such as foot deformity. The purpose of this study is to determine the demographics of IN and clarify its association with bone-related comorbidities of the ankle, foot and toe. Patients in a representative sample cohort of the National Health Information Database of South Korea from 2004 to 2013 who had IN were compared with a control group without IN. Ten-year overall incidence was 307.5/100 000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 304.1-310.9). IN incidence and prevalence showed an increasing trend, and IN was more common in women than in men. Incidence showed bimodal peaks, among teenagers and among participants in their 50s. The IN group showed more common valgus deformity (64.3%) than did the control group (61.6%), and flat foot was also a significant risk factor of IN. There were increasing tendencies of IN incidence and prevalence among females. Confirmed bone deformity, especially acquired valgus or varus deformity, and flat foot were associated with IN.

INGROWN TOENAIL - HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, ACTUALITY AND MODERN APPROACHES TO TREATMENT

Aim - to provide an over view of the literature sources and Internet materials about the problem of ingrown toenail - the historical background, immediacy of the problem, diagnosis of this pathology, main traditional and modern approaches to its prevention and treatment. Conclusion. The problem of the ingrown toenail retains its relevance right up to the present days, despite the achievements of medical science and industry, which requires further improvement of methods for the prevention and treatment of this complex disease.

Surgical Skills Series - Ingrown Toenail Removal with Phenol

Surgical Skills Series - Ingrown Toenail Removal with Phenol

Ingrown toenails-options for daily practice

The ingrown toenail is acommon, painful and inflammatory clinical presentation, especially, but not exclusively, in adolescent patients. Numerous conservative treatment methods are available. Usually, however, the surgical treatment is at the end of achain of suffering. While classified as obsolete, the so-called Emmert plasty is still used for surgical treatment. As agentle alternative, selective treatment of the lateral matrix horn by resection or phenol caustics is increasingly used. The latter methods offer numerous benefits with little postoperative pain and faster recovery to normal quality of life.