Ingrown Hairs Research Articles

The role of ingrown hairs in persistent kerion of children: A clinical study.

Tinea capitis, a common public health problem in developing countries, has severe forms such as kerion. However, the underlying mechanisms and standard treatments for persistent cases of tinea capitis or kerion remain controversial. In this work, we investigate the ingrown hairs and corresponding treatment in persistent kerion of children. Children with persistent kerion were enrolled among 312 cases of tinea capitis at the Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital from January 2020 to June 2024. The presence of fungal infection was ascertained by direct microscopic examination under calcofluor white staining and routine culture. The structure of the ingrown hairs was observed directly by a dermatoscope, which was subsequently extracted using sterile tools. A total of six cases of persistent kerion among 312 cases of tinea capitis were enrolled. Ingrown hairs were ascertained under dermatoscopy and extracted by minor operation. Except for one patient who continued oral terbinafine, the other five cases were cured by removal alone. Ingrown hairs, induced by fungal infection, may be an aggravating factor of persistent course of tinea capitis. Our study demonstrated that the presence of ingrown hairs could be confirmed through direct dermatoscopy, and patients experienced significant improvement following removal treatment under dermatoscopy.

Nanotechnology for Effective Epilation: Assessment of the Application of a Protease-Containing Microemulsion

Background: Epilation is a very effective way to remove unwanted hair because of its long-lasting effects. However, there are some disadvantages such as pain during the procedure, the possibility of ingrown hairs and perifollicular inflammation. In the present study, we investigated whether a protease-containing post-epilation microemulsion is effective in improving epilation performance and alleviating the above problems. Methods: The application characteristics and effects of the tested microemulsion were evaluated during and after three applications in 30 female volunteers. This was conducted by measuring hair density, assessing hair strength, and evaluating the subjective experience of the volunteers using a questionnaire. Results: The measurements showed that after three applications, the apparent hair density in the axilla was reduced from 43.89 ± 12.44 hairs/cm2 to 16.67 ± 6.61 hairs/cm2 (p < 0.0001). In general, volunteers observed a reduced hair regrowth rate, resulting in longer epilation intervals, and more soothed and moisturized skin. Volunteers who previously experienced ingrown hairs or perifollicular inflammation reported the absence or improvement of these problems. Conclusions: The protease-containing microemulsion not only improves the performance of the epilation procedure, leading to less frequent epilation, but also improves possible negative effects of epilation such as ingrown hairs and perifollicular inflammation.

The Psychosocial Burden of Skin Disease and Dermatology Care Insights Among Skin of Color Consumers.

Skin conditions are associated with psychological symptoms and may be particularly distressing for skin of color (SoC) individuals. SoC consumers' decisions to pursue dermatology care may be negatively impacted by the scarcity of skin tone diversity in dermatology. This survey explored SoC consumers' perspectives on dermatologic care to provide insight into the psychosocial burden of skin disease. Beacon Science conducted an anonymous web-based survey in August 2022 among self-selected consumers. Demographics, bothersome skin condition effects on mental health, insights about skincare products, and dermatologists’ ability to address SoC were captured. Descriptive statistics were performed. 775 responded, 64.6% (n=501) with SoC. Among these, 94.2% (472/501) were female, 76.6% (384/501) Black/African American, and 48.9% (245/501) 18-24 years. 79.6% (399/501) reported a bothersome skin condition that was moderate to extremely bothersome (85.2%, 340/399). 57.4% (229/399) reported skin condition(s) affected mental health. Discoloration/acne-related post-inflammatory pigmentation changes (69.5%, 348/501), acne (58.5%, 293/501), and ingrown hairs (48.1%, 241/501) were most common. The face was most frequently affected (93.6%, 469/501). 40.9% (205/501) believed available skin products do not address their specific skin needs; 44.8% (179/399) have consulted a dermatologist; 46.4% (185/399) felt like the dermatologist did not know how to treat their skin; and 92.5% (369/399) did not believe most dermatologists or aestheticians are trained to treat darker skin tones. The survey was not validated and may not be generalizable. SoC consumers experience skin-condition psychosocial distress and may hesitate to seek dermatology care. Dermatology products, services, and education tailored to SoC consumers is needed. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(10):1027-1033 doi:10.36849/JDD.7713.

Leukemia Cutis as the Presenting Sign of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in an HIV+ patient

Leukemia Cutis (LC) is a rare extramedullary cutaneous manifestation of leukemia that varies in terms of clinical presentation, leukemia type, and timing of presentation in relation to systemic leukemia. LC typically presents following diagnosis of systemic leukemia and during an active flare or relapse. An estimated 3.7% of patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) develop LC. A 61-year-old male with poorly controlled HIV presented with a rash that began one month prior on his cheek as a red papule, which he believed was an ingrown hair. On exam, pink and yellow firm papules and nodules covered his entire body surface except the groin and axilla. One nodule held a peau d’orange appearance. The rash was overall asymptomatic, and he reported only increased fatigue. His CD4 count and viral load were 136 and 330,000 respectively. One punch biopsy revealed negative cultures for fungus, bacteria, and acid-fast bacilli. Two biopsies sent for pathologic evaluation revealed AML of the skin. Bone marrow biopsy confirmed AML. Clinically the presentation of LC is nonspecific, and systemic symptoms rarely appear in conjunction with LC. High clinical suspicion and histopathologic examination are necessary for diagnosis of LC.

Studi Ḥadīṡ Tentang Larangan Mencabut Uban Dengan Pendekatan Ilmu Kesehatan (Kajian Takhri Al- Ḥadīṡ)

Gray hair is no longer a taboo, many parents and even teenagers have gray hair. This is due to several factors. Some are due to age, pigment and hormone factors and other causes. The presence of visible gray hair makes people uncomfortable and feel less confident. Therefore, many people choose to pluck the gray hair on their heads. Whereas in several Ḥadīths of the Apostle it is said that gray hair is a noble thing when it grows on a person's head, and it will be a light for him on the Day of Judgment. The type of research used in this study is library research. Where data collection is obtained from examining books related to this discussion, then analyzed using the takhrij method, sanad criticism and matan criticism and using the ma'ani al-Ḥadīth approach to the meaning of the Ḥadīth. Based on the research conducted by the author, it is found that the Sanad and Matan of this Hadīth are recognized as Hasan, so it can be used as an evidence, so it can be determined that the matan of the Hadīth narrated by Abu Dawud above is Hasan because there is no shuzuz and illat in the matan of the Hadīth. Based on the medical perspective, it is also recommended not to pluck gray hair because it can cause several harmful effects including increasing the risk of infection and scarring, ingrown hair, changes in hair texture, impaired hair growth, hair loss, thinning hair to baldness and folliculitis

Measuring residual limb health in persons with upper limb amputation: Modifications of the Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire residual limb health scale.

Assessing the user perspective on residual limb health problems is particularly important for amputation care, given the relationship between residual limb health and prosthetic satisfaction. Only 1 measure, the Residual Limb Health scale of the Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) has been validated for use in lower limb amputation, but not examined in persons with upper limb amputation (ULA). The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a modified PEQ Residual Limb Health scale in a sample of persons with ULA. The study involved a telephone survey of 392 prosthesis users with ULA, with a 40-person retest sample. The PEQ item response scale was modified to a Likert scale. The item set and instructions were refined in cognitive and pilot testing. Descriptive analyses characterized the prevalence of residual limb issues. Factor analyses and Rasch analyses evaluated unidimensionality, monotonicity, item fit, differential item functioning, and reliability. Test-retest reliability was assessed by an intraclass correlation coefficient. Sweating and prosthesis odor were prevalent at 90.7% and 72.5%, respectively; blisters/sores (12.1%) and ingrown hairs (7.7%) were the least prevalent problems. Response categories were dichotomized for 3 items and trichotomized for 3 items to improve monotonicity. After adjusting for residual correlations, confirmatory factor analyses showed acceptable fit (comparative fit index = 0.984, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.970, and root mean square error approximation = 0.032). Person reliability was 0.65. No items had moderate-to-severe differential item functioning by age or sex. Intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.76-0.93). The modified scale had excellent structural validity, fair person reliability, very good test-retest reliability, and no floor or ceiling effects. The scale is recommended for use with persons with wrist disarticulation, transradial amputation, elbow disarticulation, and above-elbow amputation.

New Razor Technology Improves Appearance and Quality of Life in Men With Pseudofolliculitis Barbae

Pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB) consists of ingrown hairs leading to papules, pustules, and discomfort. This prospective, 12-week clinical study aimed to assess the appearance of males with razor bumps and shaving irritation when using a new razor technology with 2 blades separated by a bridge feature (SkinGuard [Procter & Gamble]). The impact on participants' shave-related itching, burning, and stinging severity, as well as quality of life (QOL), also was assessed. In men with PFB, shaving with the test razor at least 5 times per week over a 12-week period improved the appearance and QOL of males with razor bumps and shaving irritation compared with baseline.

Clinical and Dermoscopic Image of Hairs Trapped in the Acne Scar: Is It Ingrown or Circle Hairs?

Clinical and Dermoscopic Image of Hairs Trapped in the Acne Scar: Is It Ingrown or Circle Hairs?

LB765 Pseudofolliculitis barbae in the barbershop: A survey of barbers and patients identifying needs and possible solutions

Pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB) is an inflammatory condition with an incidence of up to 83% in Black men. Prior studies called for partnerships between dermatology and barbers. We aimed to understand population needs and identify opportunities for improving access. We recruited barbers and individuals affected by razor bumps and ingrown hairs (representing PFB) via social media to complete a survey. 1063 participants responded (77% male and 24% Black). 41% (n=389) experienced PFB in the past two years, of which PFB “sometimes” or “always” impacted their quality of life with symptoms related to physical (48%) emotional (40%) or function (43%).

Eyelash involvement in frontal fibrosing alopecia: A prospective study

Eyelash involvement in frontal fibrosing alopecia: A prospective study

Pseudofolliculitis Barbae in the U.S. Military, a Review.

Pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB), also known as ingrown hairs commonly results from adherence to military grooming standards in those who have curly facial hair. Many patients respond to specific grooming techniques or topical medications but severe cases often warrant restrictions on shaving or laser therapy. The treatment of PFB is challenged not only by grooming standards but also evolving readiness requirements. More recently, the Navy discontinued permanent restrictions on shaving because of concerns for poor gas mask fitting. The goal of this review is to outline the history of PFB in the military, describe current policies, and offer a more uniform approach to treating PFB in the military. We also discuss challenges that surround the management of PFB in the Armed Forces. We conducted a systematic review of the literature utilizing PubMed to identify both current and past management and discussion of PFB in both civilian and military settings. We also performed an internet search to identify pertinent military regulations and history of PFB within the Armed Forces. A query of TRICARE, the health care program for the U.S. Department of Defense Military Heath System, was also performed to assess civilian-referred laser treatment for Active Duty service members. PFB has a long history in the military dating back to World War I, when shaving was enforced not only to ensure good personal hygiene and to foster good order and discipline but also to ensure gas masks would seal in the event of a chemical attack. The management of PFB has presented a challenge in the military and even led to a social uproar in the 1970s. Policy changes in the military regarding shaving limitations, or profiles, have historically influenced how PFB is managed, but the basic tenets remain the same. Grooming techniques and topical medications can be effective in treating mild-to-moderate disease, but more severe cases of PFB respond best to laser therapy. Limitations on shaving remain an important part of management, especially during flares of the disease and while initiating therapy. Long-term shaving profiles may be needed for treatment-resistant cases. The impact of the Navy's recent policy on PFB is also discussed. Pseudofolliculitis Barbae is a prevalent skin disease in the Armed Forces. A better understanding of the disease and patients' individual needs by the health care provider and commander is paramount.

Preparing the hair follicle canal for hair shaft emergence

The emergence of hair is a defining event during mammalian skin development, but the cellular mechanisms leading to the opening of the hair follicle canal remain poorly characterized. Our previous studies have shown that early hair buds possess a central column of differentiated keratinocytes expressing Keratin 79 (K79), which marks the future hair follicle opening. Here, we report that during late embryogenesis and early postnatal development, K79+ cells at the distal tips of these columns downregulate E-cadherin, change shape, recede and undergo cell death. These changes likely occur independently of sebaceous glands and the growing hair shaft, and serve to create an orifice for hair to subsequently emerge. Defects in this process may underlie phenomena such as ingrown hair or may potentially contribute to upper hair follicle pathologies including acne, hidradenitis suppurativa and infundibular cysts.

Chronic pododermatitis and interdigital furunculosis in dogs

Chronic pododermatitis with interdigital furunculosis is a common and frustrating problem in dogs. It is characterised by the presence of recurrent interdigital furunculosis. It is a multifactorial condition with primary, predisposing and perpetuating causes that lead to the secondary infections. Almost any skin disease can trigger the initial inflammation, but atopic dermatitis, adverse food reactions and abnormal conformation are the most common. Predisposing factors such as short hairs, excess weight, and altered weight bearing may lead to the development of the interdigital furunculosis. Perpetuating changes prevent resolution; these include weight bearing on haired skin, conjoined pads, new pad formation, deep tissue pockets, ingrown hairs and sinus tracts. All of the contributing factors in each case must be identified and managed. Supportive care includes analgesia, weight loss, using boots, keeping the interdigital skin clean, and using lubricating creams. Secondary bacterial and/or Malassezia spp. infections should be managed with appropriate topical and/or systemic antimicrobials. Bacterial infections can be deep, mixed and/or antimicrobial resistant, and culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing must be used to select effective drugs. Chronic inflammatory changes can be managed with topical or systemic glucocorticoids, topical 0.1% tacrolimus, ciclosporin or cytotoxic drugs. Chronic proliferative changes are poorly responsive to medical management alone, therefore surgical fusion or laser podoplasties should be considered. Long-term treatment of the primary, predisposing and perpetuating problems is required to maintain remission and prevent recurrence.

Circle hair: report of two cases and brief review of the literature

Circle hair (CH) is an interesting subtype of ingrown hair, characterized by the growing of hair shaft in a spiral or circular morphology underneath a translucent layer of stratum corneum, parallel to skin surface. In contrast to rolled hair (RH), neither perifollicular inflammation nor abnormal follicular keratinization are known to accompany CH. The reason why the hair shaft grows circumferentially and transversely under the skin instead of emerging through an apparently open hair follicle ostium and growing vertically remains to be determined. Although CH is a frequent benign incidental finding in normal skin examination, reports on this disorder are scarce. Herein we report two cases of CH and briefly review the existing literature. We believe that CH develops because of trauma in patients having a genetic susceptibility for this disorder and that CH is more common than the relevant medical literature suggests.

Practices and Complications of Pubic Hair Removal Among Saudi Women [5H

INTRODUCTION: To determine pubic hair removal practices and the prevalence of its complications among Saudi women living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Between December 2015 and August 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient gynecology clinics of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed an anonymous, self-administered survey. RESULTS: Four hundred Saudi women completed the survey. The age was 26.3 ± 6.9; 16 - 58 years (mean ± SD; range). The majority 252 (63%) were classified as under/normal weight. The age of the start of pubic hair removal was 13.5 ± 1.9; 8 - 21 years. The frequency of removal was 20.8 ± 14.6; 3-90 days. Pubic hair removal was done by the women themselves in 308 (77%) women, and by professional personnel in medical clinics in 62 (15.5%) women, in beauty salons in 21 (5.3%) women, and at home in 9 (2.2%) women. The method was razor (33.5%), laser (8.7%), sugaring (6%), waxing (4.5%), trimming (2%), electric razor (2%), cream (1.5%), and combinations (41.8). Complications were skin cuts (7.7%), severe itching (7.5%), ingrown hair (6.8%), rash (3%), burn (2.5%), allergy (2%), abrasion (1.5%), bruise (1.5%), hyperpigmentation (1.5%) and combinations (41.5%). Only 13.6% required treatments. There were no associations between the age of starting of removal, BMI, removal by the women themselves or professional personnel in clinics, or in beauty salons, or at home, methods used for removal, and occurrence of complications. CONCLUSION: Pubic hair removal starts in adolescence years and is associated with infrequent complications that require treatments.

Games

Games L. Lamar Wilson (bio) I’ve never been keen on clandestine pickups, men hungering for honeyed holes to ring their bleating eyes & lips moaning a message made plain by beards who ache to feel ambient heat threading through ingrown hairs yet know bigger hands palm flushed cheeks in dark gym locker rooms’ darkest corners. When I refuse behind-the-back passes & demand face-to-face, man-to-man D, they cower & tell all their boys I’m not good at keeping secrets, their collective lullaby. Lie. Play horse. Keep the balls close to the chest. Bedtime stories can be soothing that way. I hear a fifth of gin with some Henny helps, too. I don’t know. I’ve never swallowed such heat. [End Page 158] L. Lamar Wilson L. Lamar Wilson is the author of Sacrilegion (Carolina Wren Press, 2013) and co-author, with the Phantistique Five, of Prime (Sibling Rivalry Press, 2014). Wilson has received fellowships from the Cave Canem Foundation, the Callaloo Workshops, and the Institute of Minority Excellence at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he’s completing a doctorate in African American and multi-ethnic American poetics. Copyright © 2015 University of Nebraska Press

Pseudofolliculitis cutis: a vexing disorder of hair growth.

Pseudofolliculitis cutis (PFC) is a troublesome and potentially disfiguring cutaneous disorder characterized by a chronic inflammatory response to ingrown hair. Despite a simple precipitating stimulus, ingrown hair, PFC has a relatively complex aetiology that can involve grooming practices, hair type, genetic predisposition and medication history. Curly hair and a single-nucleotide substitution in the gene encoding keratin 75 may act synergistically to increase the risk for developing this condition. PFC is most common in men of sub-Saharan African lineage, but can occur in men and women of many different ethnicities, particularly in body areas where hair is coarse, abundant and subject to traumatic removal. Treatment options for PFC can be divided into three main categories: modifying hair removal practices, managing symptoms with medication, and long-term hair removal with laser therapy. Laser hair removal is safe and effective in most skin types and has become increasingly popular among dermatologists in the treatment of PFC. However, it is imperative that the laser system and parameters are specifically matched to the patient's skin type.

Complications related to pubic hair removal

We investigated the prevalence and correlates of complications related to pubic hair removal among a diverse clinical sample of women attending a public clinic. Women (aged 16-40 years) who received care from April to June 2012 at 2 publicly funded clinics completed an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire (n= 369). After excluding women with missing data, analyses were conducted on 333 women. Additional measures were retrieved through a medical chart review. A χ(2) and a multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze participant characteristics, pubic hair removal behaviors, and complications related to pubic hair removal. Most women (87%) admitted to current removal of at least some pubic hair, whereas the remainder responded that they had removed pubic hair in the past. Under- or normal-weight women were more likely to report total pubic hair removal than overweight or obese women. The majority (60%) had experienced at least 1 health complication because of the removal, of which the most common were epidermal abrasion and ingrown hairs. Black and Hispanic women were less likely than white women to report complications. Overweight or obese women were almost twice as likely to report a complication and almost 3 times as likely if they also had total hair removal. Only 4% had seen a health care provider for a complication related to hair removal and only 4% discussed safe removal practices with their doctor. Minor complications commonly occur as a result of pubic hair removal. Gynecological visits could provide a safe environment for women to discuss pubic hair removal practices.

To an Older Sibling, Miscarried

To an Older Sibling, Miscarried Derek Mong (bio) Forestalled one bracketed in absences why does your sleep still stir an echoing on nights my mother calls and has nothing to say? Was it there, fluent through the phone's black holes I heard you disappear, either whisked into some other womb or recalled by the wakeless, some darkness that welcomed you to plague our mother with sleeplessness— your face and fingertips mining her dreams like ingrown hairs? Often I envy you, first cut from my father's mold, yet wholly expectationless. Why are you always male? We met thirteen years back, the evening my dad took me to the Health Museum and explained exactly how it went wrong— one man, one boy circled by nine female [End Page 140] mannequins whose bellies were wide glass balls ballooning month by month. The display was called the "Panorama of Pregnancy" and in a voice that said I was old enough my father read the paneling and pressed a button and acknowledged It was there— blue light, fifth ball from the right, you were pale. He held my forehead to the cold fluorescent until I hummed. Until it pulsed with my voice. Derek Mong Although born in Portland, Oregon, Derek Mong was raised outside Cleveland and educated at Denison University in Granville, Ohio. He has a brother living on the island of Kauai, parents in Washington State and extended family spread from Dallas to Berkeley. Currently he lives in Ann Arbor, where he attends the University of Michigan’s MFA program and teaches. In 2005 he was given a Hopwood Award for a poetry manuscript in which “To an Older Sibling, Miscarried” appeared. Of the poems here he writes: “‘Re: Vitruvian Man’ is a failed attempt to capitalize on The Da Vinci Code’s popularity. ‘Recoil’ stems from an experience with a landlord who insisted I hold his automatic weapon while we talked politics.” This summer the Southern Review will publish a translation sequence he made from medieval Latin hymns. This is his first publication. Copyright © 2006 The Curators of the University of Missouri

Difficult Wounds: An Update

The purpose of this collective review is to describe revolutionary advances in the treatment of Gardner's syndrome (GS), pseudofolliculitis barbae, nasal septal perforation, factitious wounds, and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Gardner's syndrome or familial polyposis has various manifestations that appear to be controlled by a single genetic locus. Apart from the large bowel adenomas, which are always present, a common extracolonic symptom of Gardner's syndrome is the occurrence of epidermal cysts. These cysts can be seen before the intestinal polyps are evident. Because epidermal cysts in patients with Gardner's syndrome are always benign, we excise these cysts using incisions that are commonly used for rhytidectomy. Pseudofolliculitis barbae, a pseudofolliculitis caused by ingrown hairs, effects 85% of blacks who shave their beards. When this disease is allowed to progress to keloid formation, we use a surgical approach that includes excision of the keloidal scar, meticulous debridement of all residual ingrown hairs in the underlying wound, and coverage of the defect with a split-thickness skin graft. More recently, laser therapy has revolutionized the treatment of pseudofolliculitis barbae and has enabled a cure for the first time for those plagued with this disorder and for whom a beardless face is acceptable. Nasal septal perforation is a well recognized complication of septal surgery. Other iatrogenic causes of perforation include cryosurgery, electrocoagulation for epitaxis, nasotracheal intubation, or nose packing. In recent years drugs such as cocaine account for an increasing number of perforations. It has only been with the use of an external approach for the repair of the nasal septal defect that surgical closure has become easier and more reliable. The external approach allows for greater surgical closure and enables the surgeon to use both hands with the aid of binocular vision to mobilize and suture local mucosal advancement flaps and the intraseptal connective tissue grafts. More recently, surgeons have repaired large septal perforations with a radial forearm free flap. Because of its availability and deep emotional significance, the skin is a common site for self-destructive behavior with the development of factitious skin wounds. When suspected, psychiatric care must proceed immediately. Second, the ulcer can then be healed by appropriate techniques and wound repair. It is important to emphasize that the treating physician must first confront the patient, and then a psychiatrist should provide appropriate psychotherapy. Hidradenitis suppurativa is an inflammatory disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that occurs in apocrine-gland-bearing areas distributed in the axilla, mammary nipple areola, mons pubis, groin, scrotum, perineum, perianal region, and umbilicus. The condition has an insidious onset. The susceptibility of women's axillary skin to hidradenitis suppurativa may be related, in part, to the practice of axillary removal of hair with a safety razor. Consequently, the use of safety razors must be avoided and replaced with the use of an electric razor. The method of treatment will vary with the stage of the disease. Treatment of the chronic stage of axillary hidradenitis suppurativa is primarily surgical. More recently, carbon dioxide laser treatment, with healing by secondary intention, is proving to be a rapid, efficient, and economic treatment of this difficult wound.