Coffee Ingredients Research Articles

Role of drinking coffee in the prevention of dementia

The prevention of dementia is an increasingly common and applied strategy to deal with this problem. Researchers are looking for further preventive measures and examine both well-known methods and various substances – including coffee and its ingredients, mainly caffeine. Since presumably caffeine reduces the incidence of diseases that are risk factors for developing dementia, the role of coffee in preventing neurodegenerative diseases is becoming increasingly important. The results of studies evaluating the effects of coffee on neurodegenerative processes remain ambiguous at present, however, the consumption of coffee does not pose a risk for developing dementia. Data on the protective effect of coffee on the known risk factors of the emergence of a clinical manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases, i.e. diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and depression, clearly indicate a beneficial impact of caffeine and other coffee ingredients on the reduction of the prevalence of these conditions in people regularly drinking coffee. Increasing the amount of coffee consumed translates into a positive effect on lowering the risk but reducing its consumption – increases the risk. Besides proven beneficial effects on the body, coffee also stimulates physical, cognitive and social activity, and improves the effects of the actions taken and it should be remembered that social isolation, sedentary lifestyle and insufficient cognitive activity also contribute to accelerating the development of dementia. The article discusses the role and importance of coffee consumption in the context of risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative diseases.

Caffeine-induced bradycardia, death, and anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish larvae

Caffeine, a major ingredient of coffee and other drinks, causes minimal health problems. However, excessive caffeine intake may induce emotional and cardiac events. Studies on zebrafish larvae are considered useful for understanding drug poisoning because they can be used for multiple simulations. The locomotion (swim distance) of zebrafish larvae exposed to varying concentrations of caffeine was measured using a light–dark test and an automatic video-tracking system. Mortality and heart rates were assessed 4 and 24 h after caffeine exposure and 24 h after caffeine removal. The heart and survival rates were reduced by exposure to caffeine of > 300 mg/L after 24 h in a dose-dependent manner; this was attenuated by caffeine removal at 4 h. Caffeine reduced the heart rate and survival considerably at 1000 mg/L, supporting the notion of caffeine-induced cardiac arrest resulting from bradycardia. The locomotion of zebrafish larvae during six alternating cycles of light–dark exposure was slower during light periods and faster during dark periods; 100–300 mg/L caffeine increased and decreased locomotion during light and dark cycles, respectively, with high inter-cycle reproducibility. Given the anxiogenic effect of caffeine and light preference of zebrafish larvae, caffeine-induced changes in light–dark cycles could provide a new reliable marker for anxiety. Therefore, the “light–dark locomotion test” employed in this study is valuable for research on anxiogenic or anxiolytic substances. The test may allow simultaneous and automatic analysis of the locomotion of many fish under multiple conditions, thereby enabling evaluation of dose–response effects of caffeine.

Evaluasi formulasi dan pembuatan complete feed bahan pakan lokal daun kopi di peternak sapi potong Pasuruan Jawa Timur

This study aims to evaluate the preparation of feed formulations and the manufacture of complete feed fermentation based on local ingredients of coffee leaves. This research has three stages: preparation of complete feed formulations using trial and error methods using Microsoft Excel, trials of making complete feeds, and evaluating complete feed products. Evaluation is carried out on four aspects, namely; The nutritional composition of the complete feed has been fulfilled compared to the SNI for Beef Cattle Feed, which analyzed through a bar chart, the complete feed characteristic organoleptic test for texture, color, aroma, and presence of mushrooms through 24 respondents, palatability test carried out on six beef cattle belonging to farmer group members, and the economic aspect of the manufacturing cost component. The evaluation results show; the formulation and manufacture of complete feeds are by the SNI for Beef Cattle Feed. The characteristics of the compiled complete feeds are solid texture, not thick, not slimy and brittle, yellowish-green with sour aroma, and no fungus found are the characteristics of successful fermentation, preference test that all cows like complete feeds, and the results of the economic evaluation that each kilogram of complete feed costs Rp. 1,629.34, which is lower than the price of rice straw per kilogram.

Effects of Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acid on Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice Induced by Choline-Deficient, L-Amino Acid-Defined, High-Fat Diet.

Several recent experimental studies have investigated the effects of caffeine and chlorogenic acid (CGA), representative ingredients of coffee, on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the results are conflicting, and their effects are yet to be clarified. In the present study, we examined the effects of caffeine and CGA on choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD)-fed mice, relatively new model mice of NASH. Seven-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following groups: Control diet (control), CDAHFD (CDAHFD), CDAHFD supplemented with 0.05% (w/w) caffeine (caffeine), and CDAHFD supplemented with 0.1% (w/w) CGA (CGA). After seven weeks, the mice were killed and serum biochemical, histopathological, and molecular analyses were performed. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly higher in the caffeine and CGA groups than in the CDAHFD group. On image analysis, the prevalence of Oil red O-positive areas (reflecting steatosis) was significantly higher in the caffeine group than in the CDAHFD group, and that of CD45R-positive areas (reflecting lymphocytic infiltration) in the hepatic lobule was significantly higher in the caffeine and CGA groups than in the CDAHFD group. Hepatic expression of interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA was higher in the caffeine and CGA groups than in the CDAHFD group, and the difference was statistically significant for the caffeine group. In conclusion, in the present study, caffeine and CGA significantly worsened the markers of liver cell injury, inflammation, and/or steatosis in NASH lesions in mice.

Feasibility Analysis of Spice Coffee Processing Business in Home Industries in Tabahawa Village, Ternate City

Most of the use of coffee today is processed into drinks, with various types, brands and one of them is spice coffee which has been produced in the households of Ternate City, Tabahawa Village. Spice coffee is coffee that mixed with spice powder, namely robusta coffee, cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, ginger and sugar. Spice coffee has a warm spicy taste and this coffee has been marketed in stores or supermarkets in Ternate City. Various kinds of beverage products can be made using the basic ingredients of coffee, this is because coffee has a distinctive taste and a refreshing effect. Spices also provide a specific aroma to suit one's taste with a distinctive spice refreshing and warming effect. By combining coffee and spices which have almost the same active compound, it is possible to create mixed flavors that consumers can enjoy. Seeing this potential, it is necessary to conduct research on the Analysis of Spice Coffee Processing Business in the Household Industries of Tabahawa Village, Ternate City. The purpose of this research was to analyze the feasibility of the spice coffee processing business in the Household Industry of Tabahawa Village, Ternate City. The analysis method used in this research are NPV analysis, B / C Ratio, IRR and Payback period. Through the results of the research that the process of making spice coffee includes: All raw materials are ground separately into powder, then the powder is mixed so that it becomes one according to the comparison and to answer the second problem through a financial feasibility analysis that the spice coffee processing business shows that, the NPV value is obtained amounting to Rp.41,437,982, the IRR value obtained is 202.5%, the Cost Ratio value is 0.06%, the Gross B / C Ratio value is Rp.53,717,982, while the calculation of the criteria for the return on investment (playback period) is obtained for 1 year. Investment costs can be covered through profits after the business has been running for 2 years so that the home coffee spice industry is feasible to develop.

Caffeine modulates the dynamics of DODAB membranes: Role of the physical state of the bilayer

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), an ingredient of coffee, is used worldwide as a psychostimulant, antioxidant, and adjuvant analgesic. To gain insights into the action mechanism of caffeine, we report on its effects on the microscopic dynamics of a dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide lipid membrane, as studied using quasielastic neutron scattering. Caffeine significantly modulates the microscopic dynamics of the lipids in the system, and the effects depend on the lipid phase. In the coagel phase, caffeine acts as a plasticizing agent, whereas in the fluid phase, it restricts the lateral and internal motions of the lipids. The present study illustrates how caffeine regulates the fluidity of the membrane by modulating the dynamics of constituent lipids depending on the physical state of the bilayer.

The Effects of Resveratrol, Caffeine, β-Carotene, and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) on Amyloid- Aggregation in Synthetic Brain Membranes.

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition marked by the formation and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. There exists, to this day, no cure or effective prevention for the disease; however, there is evidence that a healthy diet and certain food products can slow down first occurrence and progression. To investigate if food ingredients can interact with peptide aggregates, synthetic membranes that contained aggregates consisting of cross-β sheets of the membrane active fragment A areprepared. The impact of resveratrol, found in grapes, caffeine, the main active ingredient in coffee, β-carotene, found in orange fruits and vegetables, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a component of green tea, on the size and volume fraction of Aβ aggregates is studied using optical and fluorescence microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. All compounds are membrane active and spontaneously partitioned in the synthetic brain membranes. While resveratrol and caffeine lead to membrane thickening and reduced membrane fluidity, β-carotene and EGCG preserve or increasefluidity. Resveratrol and caffeine do not reduce the volume fraction of peptide aggregates while β-carotene significantly reduces plaque size. Interestingly, EGCG dissolves peptide aggregates and significantly decreases the corresponding cross-β and β-sheet signals.

The coffee ingredients caffeic acid and caffeic acid phenylethyl ester protect against irinotecan-induced leukopenia and oxidative stress response.

Background and PurposeIrinotecan, used in colorectal cancer therapy, is metabolized by glucuronidation involving different UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A isoforms leading to facilitated elimination from the body. Individuals homozygous for the genetic variants UGT1A1*28 (Gilbert syndrome) and UGT1A7*3 are more susceptible to irinotecan side effects, severe diarrhoea and leukopenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects and active constituents of coffee during irinotecan therapy using humanized transgenic (htg)UGT1A‐WT and htgUGT1A‐SNP (carry UGT1A1*28 and UGT1A7*3 polymorphisms) mice.Experimental Approach HtgUGT1A mice were pretreated with coffee or caffeic acid (CA) + caffeic acid phenylethyl ester (CAPE) and injected with irinotecan. The effects of coffee and CA + CAPE were investigated using reporter gene assays, immunoblot, TaqMan‐PCR, siRNA analyses and blood counts.Key ResultsOnly the combination of the two coffee ingredients, CA and CAPE, mediates protective effects of coffee in a model of irinotecan toxicity by activation of UGT1A genes. Coffee and CA + CAPE significantly increased UGT1A expression and activity along with SN‐38 glucuronide excretion in irinotecan‐injected htgUGT1A mice, resulting in significant improvement of leukopenia, intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation.Conclusion and ImplicationsIn this study, we identify the compounds responsible for mediating the previously reported coffee‐induced activation of UGT1A gene expression. CA and CAPE represent key factors for the protective properties of coffee which are capable of reducing irinotecan toxicity, exerting antioxidant and protective effects. Provided that CA + CAPE do not affect irinotecan efficacy, they might represent a novel strategy for the treatment of irinotecan toxicity.

Effect of roasting degree of coffee beans on sensory evaluation: Research from the perspective of major chemical ingredients.

As the most consumed beverage in the world, the material basis of the sensory quality for roasted coffee beans has always received much attention. The objective of the present study was to clarify the physical morphology changes, main chemical ingredients and cupping scores of arabica coffee beans of different roasting degrees, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and sensory analysis, respectively. Statistical analysis of the data by multivariate analysis demonstrated that trigonelline, sugars, malate, quinic acids, γ-butyro-lactone and acetate have the potential to be new roasting markers. Additionally, in all the sensory indicators, body and acidity were found to be susceptible to roasting degree. Basing on cluster heatmap and sensory molecular network, the complex relationships between sensory indicators and ingredients were discussed. The results of partial least squares regression (PLSR) showed that the content of the main coffee ingredients can be used to predict the body score.

Cafestol Inhibits High-Glucose-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis in Cardiac Fibroblasts and Type 1-Like Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes is associated with the development of myocardial fibrosis, which is related to various cardiac diseases. Cafestol, one of the active ingredients in coffee, has been reported to exert biological effects. However, whether cafestol can ameliorate diabetes-induced cardiac fibrosis remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cafestol on cardiac fibrosis in high-glucose-treated cardiac fibroblasts and streptozocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. Rat cardiac fibroblasts were cultured in high-glucose (25 mM) media in the absence or presence of cafestol, and the changes in collagen synthesis, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) production, and related signaling molecules were assessed on the basis of 3H-proline incorporation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blotting. Cardiac fibroblasts exposed to high-glucose conditions exhibited increased collagen synthesis, TGF-β1 production, and Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and these effects were mitigated by cafestol treatment. Furthermore, cafestol increased the translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1. The results of molecular docking analysis suggested a selective interaction of cafestol with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. The rats with untreated STZ-induced diabetes exhibited considerable collagen accumulation, which was ameliorated by cafestol. Moreover, activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, general matrix metalloproteinase, and reduced glutathione concentration were upregulated, whereas malondialdehyde level was downregulated by treatment with cafestol in rats with cardiac fibrosis. These findings highlight the effects of cafestol, which may be useful in treating diabetes-related cardiac fibrosis.

Social opportunity on coffee shop

Opportunities open a coffee shop in the mall and office buildings are still very open because for the city, drink coffee together has become a necessity. Everyone loved the coffee and coffee atmosphere relaxed, loose and information enjoyed while chatting, chat/browsing internet, small meeting or discussion. More than that the coffee shop has become a strategic place to make a deal and business negotiation or a place to spend time waiting for hours jammed in the capital. Café Republic (KKR) is the concept of specialty coffee bar espresso coffee made from ingredients of real coffee from various parts of Indonesia elected and diverse. KKR offer experience (experience) coffee with coffee bar atmosphere to enjoy a coffee ritual into something fun. This concept is made different from the coffee shop that currently exists in Indonesia.

GROWTH, ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF COFFEE PLANTS INTOXICATED BY THE HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE

<p>Weed control is fundamental in coffee cultivation due to their high interference, competing with the crop for water, light and nutrients. Among the control methods used, chemical control is highlighted, due to its high efficiency and low cost. However, due to application failures, herbicide drift phytotoxicity is common. Aiming at the search for selective active ingredients in coffee, the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of the active ingredient Glyphosate in young coffee plants. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with ‘Topázio MG1190’ coffee plants (<em>Coffea arabica</em> L.), cultivated in pots with an 11 L-substrate capacity. The statistical design was RBD, with four replications and four doses of the herbicide, making up 16 experimental plots. Each plot consisted of three plants. The treatments were: (i) 0%; (ii) 10%; (iii) 25% and (iv) 50% of the commercial dose of the herbicide Glyphosate. The evaluations were performed at 104 days after application of the treatments. Growth, morphological, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated. The collected data were analyzed using the SISVAR software. The effect of glyphosate drift impairs plant growth. However, after 104 days of intoxication, there is no longer any effect on the physiology and leaf anatomy of coffee trees.</p>

Ingredients of Coffee and Tumor Suppression

Ingredients of Coffee and Tumor Suppression

Cafestol Activates Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2 Related Factor 2 and Inhibits Urotensin II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy.

Through population-based studies, associations have been found between coffee drinking and numerous health benefits, including a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Active ingredients in coffee have therefore received considerable attention from researchers. A wide variety of effects have been attributed to cafestol, one of the major compounds in coffee beans. Because cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, this study examined whether cafestol inhibits urotensin II (U-II)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were exposed only to U-II (1 nM) or to U-II (1 nM) following 12-h pretreatment with cafestol (1-10 M). Cafestol (3-10 M) pretreatment significantly inhibited U-II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with an accompanying decrease in U-II-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cafestol also inhibited U-II-induced phosphorylation of redox-sensitive extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. In addition, cafestol pretreatment increased Src homology region 2 domains-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) activity, suggesting that cafestol prevents ROS-induced SHP-2 inactivation. Moreover, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression were enhanced by cafestol. Addition of brusatol (a specific inhibitor of Nrf2) or Nrf2 siRNA significantly attenuated cafestol-mediated inhibitory effects on U-II-stimulated ROS production and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In summary, our data indicate that cafestol prevented U-II-induced cardiomycyte hypertrophy through Nrf2/HO-1 activation and inhibition of redox signaling, resulting in cardioprotective effects. These novel findings suggest that cafestol could be applied in pharmacological therapy for cardiac diseases.

The sources and mechanisms of bioactive ingredients in coffee.

Coffee bioactive components include caffeine, chlorogenic acids (CGAs), trigonelline, tryptophan alkaloids, diterpenes and other secondary metabolites. During roasting, coffee metabolites undergo complex Maillard reactions, producing melanoidins and other degradation products, the most controversial among which is acrylamide, an ingredient widely found in baked food and listed as a second class carcinogen. Green and roasted coffee ingredients have good biological activities for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, and antibacterial, anti-diabetic, neuroprotection, and anti-cancer activities. To better understand the relationship between coffee ingredients and human health, and to effectively use the active ingredients, it is essential to understand the sources of coffee active ingredients and their mechanisms of action in the organism. This paper systematizes the available information and provides a critical overview of the sources of coffee active ingredients and the mechanisms of action in vivo or in vitro, and their combined effects on common human diseases.

Treatment with coffee ingredients protects central and myenteric neurons in parkinsonian model.

Treatment with coffee ingredients protects central and myenteric neurons in parkinsonian model.

Bioactivity of selected materials for coffee substitute.

Epidemiological studies have suggested that coffee consumption is negatively correlated with the incidence of Parkinson’s disease. Coffee contains relatively high levels of β-carbolines, which have been ascribed neuroactive effects in humans however the positive or negative effect has not been confirmed yet. Two ingredients with applications as coffee substitutes—chicory, which is traditionally used in this way, and artichoke—were considered in this study both from the neuroactive point of view but also in relation to the other bioactive compounds that result from their thermal processing. These thermal products are of concern because of their possible toxic properties. The estimated concentration of β-carbolines was high in both materials (1.8 μg/g and 2.5 μg/g harman and 2.9 μg/g and 3.1 μg/g norharman in chicory and artichoke, respectively). Artichoke had more β-carbolines than chicory, and also more all the toxic compounds examined here–acrylamide, carboxymethyllysine, and furans, which were detected in significantly higher concentrations in artichoke, particularly acrylamide. Chicory and artichoke also contain phenolic compounds that possess high antioxidant activity, on a similar level. Artichoke, a new proposed ingredient in coffee substitutes, appears to be a richer source of β-carbolines than the traditionally chicory. Both materials contained high level of undesirable components, such as furan and its derivatives, carboxymethyllysine and particularly acrylamide, much higher in artichoke.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN KRIM LULUR KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabica) SEBAGAI ANTI-AGING

Coffee is one of the plantation commodities that has a fairly high economic value among other plantation crops and plays an important role as a source of foreign exchange for the country. Coffee contains important compounds such as antioxidants and caffeine which functions as anti-aging so that it can be used as an anti-aging ingredient in the form of a scrub. The purpose of this study was to determine whether coffee can be formulated in the form of cream as an anti-aging, and in the form of a body scrub cream. The research method using experimental includes the collection of Arabica coffee ingredients, making formulations of Arabica coffee scrub cream preparations, and description of the quality of Arabica coffee cream body scrub preparations. Data analysis in this study used descriptive analysis by presenting the frequency distribution table of each study. The results of the study found that the difference in the concentration of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) in body scrub cream preparations had an effect with the best concentration of 15% compared to 5%, 10%, and blank concentrations, and the use of body scrub cream preparations containing Arabica coffee. (Coffea arabica) 15% showed improvement in skin condition for the better, during four weeks of treatment. Thus, Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) can be formulated in the form of body scrub cream as anti-aging.

A shell-resolved analysis of preferential solvation of coffee ingredients in aqueous mixtures of the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate.

Ionic liquids increase the solubility of various coffee ingredients in aqueous solution but little is known about the underlying mechanism. Kirkwood-Buff integrals as well as the potential of mean force indicate that the imidazolium cations are accumulated at the surface of the solutes, removing water molecules from the solute surface. Although hydrogen bonding of the anions to hydroxy groups of the solutes can be detected, their concentration at the surface is less enhanced compared to the cations. The decomposition into solvation shells by Voronoi tessellation reveals that structural features are only observed in the first solvation shell. Nevertheless, the depletion of water and the excess concentration of the ions and, in particular, of the cations are visible in the next solvation shells as well. Therefore, classical arguments of hydrotropic theory fail to explain this behavior.

The Chemical Characteristics and Immune-Modulating Activity of Polysaccharides Isolated from Cold-Brew Coffee.

To elucidate new biological ingredients in cold-brew coffee extracted with cold water, crude polysaccharide (CCP-0) was isolated by ethanol precipitation, and its immune-stimulating activities were assayed. CCP-0 mainly comprised galactose (53.6%), mannose (15.7%), arabinose (11.9%), and uronic acid (12.4%), suggesting that it might exist as a mixture of galactomannan and arabinogalactan. CCP-0 significantly increased cell proliferation on both murine peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes in a dose dependent manner. CCP-0 also significantly augmented nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production by murine peritoneal macrophages. In addition, macrophages stimulated by CCP-0 enhanced production of various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12. In an in vitro assay for intestinal immune-modulating activity, CCP-0 showed higher bone-marrow cell-proliferation activity through Peyer’s patch cells at 100 μg/mL than the negative control. These results suggest that CCP-0 may potentially enhance macrophage functions and the intestinal immune system.