Ingredients In Formulations Research Articles

Assessment of Analytical Techniques for Precise Quantification of Four Antiviral Drugs in Pharmaceutical Research and Development: A Comprehensive Review

: Precise measurement of drug concentration in pharmaceutical research is critical, especially for anti-viral drugs like boceprevir, elvitegravir, indinavir, and saquinavir that combat viral infections. It is well-known that analytical techniques play an imperative role in identifying and characterizing active pharmaceutical ingredients in biological samples and drug formulations. Moreover, precise drug assessment directly influences safety, stability, and efficacy while providing in-depth insight into drug pharmacokinetics. Other than this, analytical techniques also aid in identifying impurities, deteriorated products, and potential pollutants. Thus, reliable analytical methods have become crucial for addressing challenges imposed by complex drug formulations. The most commonly used analytical technique is UV spectrophotometry, which does not have the high sensitivity to detect complex drug formulations. In contrast, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) merges two analytical techniques, chromatography and mass spectrometry, to accurately quantify biological samples. Furthermore, Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) provides enhanced resolution, faster analysis in short duration, and low solvent consumption in contrast to HPLC. This comprehensive review aims to critically assess each analytical approach's accuracy, applicability, selectivity, and limitation to provide valuable insights for researchers and analysts. Understanding the weaknesses and strengths of these analytical techniques will enable the researchers to select the suitable analytical method based on their needs and requirements for quality assessment, precise drug quantification, and optimal therapeutic efficiency. Eventually, this review intends to advance pharmaceutical research and development, specifically for anti-viral drugs, by ensuring the effective and secure administration of therapies.

Eksplorasi Mikroflora Alami Produk Fermentasi Tradisional Cangkuak Berbasis Daging di Kecamatan Kuantan Mudik Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi

Cangkuak is a fermented food made from meat with betung bamboo shoots or kluwak, salt and rice. The fermentation process is carried out without adding microbial cultures (spontaneous) for one to three weeks in a tightly closed container. cangkuak's manufacturing technique, ingredient formulation and constituent ingredients are unique, resulting in a final product with different characteristics. Research on the presence of microbes in fermented food products (fish, milk, vegetables) has been widely conducted, but information on exploring the presence of natural microflora and the in vitro potential of fermenting bacteria in cangkuak has never been reported. This research was conducted using a survey method and the resulting data were presented descriptively. It was found that the natural microflora found in the three samples of cangkuak in Kuantan Mudik was dominated by bacteria, with the highest proportion of bacterial groups in the three cangkuak samples being fermentative bacteria (2.0 - 6.30x105 cfu/g), cellulolytic bacteria (3.30 - 5.90x105 cfu/g), amylolytic bacteria (1.70 - 4.40x105 cfu/g), proteolytic bacteria (0.12 - 7.90x105 cfu/g), lipolytic bacteria (0.08 - 0.12x105 cfu/g). Six potential fermentative isolates were obtained as evidenced by the calculation of index values, namely DK-I1 (1.59), DR-I1 (1.36), DR-I2 (2.49), DR-I3 (1.19), DKR-I1 (2.41), and DKR-I2 (2.96).

Effects of Essential Oils on Biological Characteristics and Potential Molecular Targets in Spodoptera frugiperda.

Spodoptera frugiperda control methods have proved to be inefficient, which justifies the search for new control measures. In this search for botanical insecticides for controlling S. frugiperda, the following were evaluated: (i) the toxicity of essential oils (EOs) from Cinnamodendron dinisii, Eugenia uniflora, and Melaleuca armillaris; (ii) the effect of EOs on life table parameters against S. frugiperda; (iii) the chemical characterization of EOs; and (iv) the in silico interaction of the chemical constituents present in the three EOs with the molecular targets of S. frugiperda. The EO from E. uniflora had the lowest LD50 (1.19 µg of EO/caterpillar). The major compounds bicyclogermacrene (18.64%) in C. dinisii and terpinolene (57.75%) in M. armillaris are highly predicted to interact with the octopamine receptor (OctpR). The compound 1,8-cineole (21.81%) in M. armillaris interacts mainly with a tolerant methoprene receptor (MET) and curzerene (41.22%) in E. uniflora, which acts on the OctpR receptor. Minor compounds, such as nerolidol in C. dinisii and β-elemene in E. uniflora, are highly ranked for multiple targets: AChE, MET, OctpR, and 5-HT1. It was concluded that the EO from E. uniflora negatively affects several biological parameters of S. frugiperda development and is promising as an active ingredient in formulations for controlling this insect pest.

Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Protein Hydrolysate as a New Ingredient of Functional Foods.

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is an under-exploited crop with great potential due to its nutritional and medicinal characteristics. A Sacha inchi protein isolate (SII), obtained from defatted Sacha inchi flour (SIF), was hydrolyzed by Bioprotease LA 660 under specific conditions. The hydrolysates were characterized chemically, and their digestibility and antioxidant capacity were evaluated by in vitro cell-free experiments to select the hydrolysate with major antioxidant activity. Sacha inchi protein hydrolysate at 20 min (SIH20B) was selected, and the anti-inflammatory capacity was evaluated by RT-qPCR and ELISA techniques, using two different doses in monocytes THP-1 stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results obtained showed that the in vitro administration of SIH20B down-regulated the TNF-α gene and reduced the release of this cytokine, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 were up-regulated in LPS-stimulated monocytes and co-administrated with SIH20B. The peptides contained in SIH20B were identified, and the 20 more relatively abundant peptides with a mass by 1 kDa were subjected to in silico analysis to hypothesize those that could be responsible for the bioactivity reported in the hydrolysate. From the identified peptides, the peptides AAGALKKFL and LGVKFKGGL, among others, are proposed as the most biologically actives. In conclusion, SIH20B is a novel, natural source of high-value-added biopeptides that could be used as an ingredient in formulations of food or nutraceutical compounds.

Editorial: Underutilized Ingredients in Innovative Food Formulations

ABSTRACT The rapid change in eating habits and consumer demands for healthy food are the driving motives for food industries to formulate new food products. Innovative food formulations are either very expensive or based on targeted customers. Low glycemic foods, fiber enriched products, plant-based meat formulations, and functional foods are predominating the in-food innovations. However, to attain sustainability and promote zero food waste, it is extremely important to explore food byproducts and underutilized food sources. Among food byproducts, peels, seeds, pomace have great potential and can be used for the extraction of bioactive and functional components for subsequent incorporation in innovative food formulations. Similarly, millets are excellent sources of quality proteins and sweet potatoes are rich sources of bioactive carbohydrates, proteins, carotenoids, and minerals. Innovative formulations are not only based on innovative ingredients but also innovative or modern food processing can contribute toward better food products in terms of functional, nutritional, and quality attributes.

Microspheres Based on Blends of Chitosan Derivatives with Carrageenan as Vitamin Carriers in Cosmeceuticals.

Chitosan (CS) has a natural origin and is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer with many skin-beneficial properties successfully used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. CS derivatives, especially those synthesized via a Schiff base reaction, are very important due to their unique antimicrobial activity. This study demonstrates research results on the use of hydrogel microspheres made of [chitosan-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone)]-blend-(ĸ-carrageenan)], [chitosan-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone)]-blend-(ĸ-carrageenan), and chitosan-sodium-4-formylbenzene-1,3-disulfonate-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone)]-blend-(ĸ-carrageenan) as innovative vitamin carriers for cosmetic formulation. A permeation study of retinol (vitamin A), L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) from the cream through a human skin model by the Franz Cell measurement system was presented. The quantitative analysis of the release of the vitamins added to the cream base, through the membrane, imitating human skin, showed a promising profile of its release/penetration, which is promising for the development of a cream with anti-aging properties. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of the polymers from which the microspheres are made allows for the elimination of preservatives and parabens as cosmetic formulation ingredients.

Sensory and Chemical Characteristics of Seasoning Made from Tempe Gembus Flour with Sugar and Salt Added

Gembus tempeh flour contains high levels of glutamate which can be used as a flavoring. The aim of this research is to determine the sensory and chemical characteristics of the flavoring ingredients of tempe gembus flour. The formulation ingredient for this research product is tempeh gembus from tofu dregs from the Cibuntu tofu making industry. Flour is made by curing tempeh for 3 days at 35°C, then slicing and drying at 70°C for 2 hours, then grinding and sifting using 80 mesh. The formulation was determined through two stages of sensory testing. Phase I sensory testing included the Duo-Trio differentiation test and hedonic test, using two samples of tempeh gembus flour formulation and a commercial MSG product as a control. Preferences are assessed using the parameters of color, aroma, taste and overall rating. Analysis of data from the differentiation test results uses the Chi-square test, while analysis of hedonic test data uses the Mann-Whitney test. The results of the phase I sensory test were used as a control in the phase II sensory test and compared with the sugar-salt addition formulation with a ratio of tempe gembus flour, salt and sugar of 5:3:2. Chemical testing was carried out which included testing water content, salt content and protein content. The test results showed that the sample with added sugar and salt had a water content of 4.6%, a salt content of 22.56%, a protein content of 7.74%, and panelists preferred sensory properties compared to the control.

Luxurious Locks: Harnessing the Power of Lipids for Transformative Hair Care Solutions

Abstract: The hair is a distinguishing feature of animals that has several functions, such as providing warmth, providing protection, facilitating sweating and pheromone evaporation, providing sensory stimulation, and, in certain situations, acting as color-based camouflage. Hair grooming and styling have progressed significantly over the years, and modern hair treatments primarily focus on enhancing hair quality. However, standard active ingredients in formulations display suboptimal performance, and some may present toxicity issues, demanding a stronger formulation design that is appropriate for performance and safety. The need for natural ingredients, such as macromolecules and biomolecules sourced from plants, animals, and marine environments, is increasing among consumers. The favorable benefits induced by including lipid-rich components in Personal Care Products (PCP) formulations are regarded as valuable elements. A lipid-based preparation is specifically employed for innovative medicine-targeted distribution of bioactive substances among all medication administration strategies. The distribution of LBDDS transdermally and topically is exciting since the lipid bilayer might enter the uppermost layer of skin with ease and release medicine in a regulated way. It offers benefits in terms of stability, bioacceptability, and biodegradability, as well as receptor-mediated fast absorption by the particular site. Various lipid-based formulations for hair care therapy have been created, showing some improvement in hair care. This review focuses on several lipid-based formulations for hair care therapy, including their thorough mechanism of action, efficacy on hair care, patents, obstacles, and future prospects, along with the challenges and future prospects in the hair care industry

Chitosan based ethanolic Allium Sativum extract hydrogel film: a novel skin tissue regeneration platform for 2nd degree burn wound healing

This study investigated the potential of ethanolic garlic extract-loaded chitosan hydrogel film for burn wound healing in an animal model. The ethanolic garlic extract was prepared by macerating fresh ground garlic cloves in ethanol for 24 h, followed by filtration and concentration using a rotary evaporator. Hydrogels were then prepared by casting a chitosan solution with garlic extract added at varying concentrations for optimization and, following drying, subjected to various characterization tests, including moisture adsorption (MA), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and water vapor permeability rate (WVPR), erosion, swelling, tensile strength, vibrational, and thermal analysis, and surface morphology. The optimized hydrogel (G2) was then analyzed in vivo for its potential for healing 2nd degree burn wounds in rats, and histological examination of skin samples on day 14 of the healing period. Results showed optimized hydrogel (G2; chitosan: 2 g, garlic extract: 1 g) had MA of 56.8% ± 2.7%, WVTR and WVPR of 0.00074 ± 0.0002, and 0.000 498 946 ± 0.0001, eroded up to 11.3% ± 0.05%, 80.7% ± 0.04% of swelling index, and tensile strength of 16.6 ± 0.9 MPa, which could be attributed to the formation of additional linkages between formulation ingredients and garlic extract constituents at OH/NH and C=O, translating into an increase in transition melting temperature and enthalpy (ΔT = 238.83 °C ± 1.2 °C, ΔH = 4.95 ± 0.8 J g−1) of the chitosan moieties compared with blank. Animal testing revealed G2 formulation significantly reduced the wound size within 14 d of the experiment (37.3 ± 6.8–187.5 ± 21.5 mm2) and had significantly higher reepithelization (86.3 ± 6.8–26.8 ± 21.5 and 38.2% ± 15.3%) compared to untreated and blank groups by hastening uniform and compact deposition of collagen fibers at the wound site, cementing developed formulation a promising platform for skin regeneration.

UNLOCKING THE POWER OF CURD: AYURVEDA INSIGHTS AND CONSUMPTION GUIDELINES W.S.R. TO ITS USAGE IN VARIOUS FORMS IN DAY-TO-DAY LIFE

Dadhi (Curd), or yoghurt, is a widely consumed dairy product with many health benefits. In Ayurveda, Dadhi has been used as a food & also used as an ingredient in various formulations. This paper explores the properties of curd and its consumption rules in Ayurveda, focusing on its usage in multiple forms in day-to-day life. This article reviews available literature related to the research question to enlighten the role of curd in digestive disorders. Being the richest source of probiotics, curd offers beneficial and healthy microflora to our alimentary canal. Curd is a widely consumed dairy product with many health benefits. The properties of Dadhi are Rochana (increases appetite), Deepana (carminative), Vrushya (aphrodisiac), Snehana (unctuous), and Balavardhaka (increases strength). Amla vipaka (Sour taste after digestion), Ushna Virya (hot in potency), Vataghna (alleviates Vata) and Brumhana (nourishing)1 . Aims & Objectives: To compile information related to Dadhi consumption guidelines & its usage in various forms with current practices. Material & Method: The data is collected from multiple classical books & articles related to Dadhi. Curd is highly regarded in Ayurveda for its numerous health benefits. This article will provide a brief overview of the qualities, types, indications, contraindications, current practices of curd consumption and practical applications in everyday routines.

From black liquor to tinted sunscreens: Washing out Kraft lignin unpleasant odor and improving its properties by lignin nanoparticle preparation

Kraft lignin is a major byproduct of pulp and paper processing, presenting outstanding properties, including antioxidant action and UV and visible light absorption. Despite being a promising low-cost and renewable ingredient for dermo-cosmetic formulations, lignin use is restricted primarily because of its unpleasant odor and poor dispersibility in water. This study presents an integrated and environmentally friendly method to eliminate lignin odor, followed by improving its dispersibility in water through lignin nanoparticle (LNP) production, and, finally, evaluating their application in cosmetic formulations to act as antioxidant and UV-blocker. Starting with black liquor, Kraft lignin was precipitated and washed with water at 70°C, effectively removing lignin odor by a straightforward method, reducing its sulfur content from 5.6 to 2.9 wt%, and the ashes to negligible values without compromising the lignin structure. LNPs were successfully produced by the self-assembly method, yielding spherical and colloidally stable particles (zeta potential ca. −30 mV) with diameters ranging between 25 and 200 nm, outperforming particles prepared by sonication and bulk lignin itself. LNPs prepared by self-assembly method showed exceptional antioxidant activity, eliminating up to 79.2 % of DPPH• radicals (52 % more than bulk lignin) and showing in vitro SPF of ca. 15 with only 0.5 wt% of particle concentration, in addition to the improved dispersibility in cosmetic formulation.

Recent Advancements in the Analyses of Natural Products.

Since ancient times, medicinal plants and their active ingredients have played a key role in treating a wide array of ailments. Notably, in recent years, there has been a burgeoning interest in treatments using products derived from natural sources, and some have been studied as clinical treatments for a variety of disorders. The use of natural products to treat illness has gained increasing scientific and public interest. Not only to ensure quality control but also to verify their efficacy as active ingredients in various pharmaceutical formulations, the evaluation of natural products is of paramount importance. In this field, analytical methods like spectroscopy, electrophoresis, and chromatography are essential and are constantly being improved upon. Chromatographic techniques are essential for determining the quality and authenticity of natural products. Moreover, strict adherence to internationally recognized norms in validating analytical procedures guarantees the accuracy and dependability of results. Continual research initiatives are essential for tackling issues like adulteration and enhancing customer trust in natural products. This review navigates through the complex field of quality control methodologies and analytical techniques applied in evaluating plant-derived sources, which are generally used as natural products, and focuses on the analysis of Hypericum, Curcuma, and Cannabis species.

Pharmacodynamic and targeted amino acid metabolomics researches on the improvement of diabetic retinopathy with Fufang Xueshuantong component compatibility

The Fufang Xueshuantong capsule (FXT) has significant preventive and therapeutic effects on diabetic retinopathy(DR), but the compatibility of its active components remains to be thoroughly explored. In this study, a zebrafish diabetic retinopathy model was established using high-mixed sugars, and the optimal ratios of notoginseng total saponins, total salvianolic acid, astragaloside, and harpagide were selected through orthogonal experiments. Furthermore, we used UPLC-QqQ/MS to detect the changes in amino acid content of DR zebrafish tissues after administration of FXT and its compatible formula to analyze the effects of FXT and its compatible formula on amino acid metabolites. The results showed that the final compatibility ratios of the components were 8: 5: 1: 6.6 by comprehensive evaluation of the indicators. FXT and its compatibility formula had beneficial effects on retinal vasodilatation, lipid accumulation in the liver, total glucose, and VEGF levels in DR zebrafish, and all of them could call back some amino acid levels in DR zebrafish. In this research, we determined the compatible formulation of the active ingredients in the FXT and investigated their efficacy in DR zebrafish for further clinical applications.

Comparison of dry (air classification) and wet fractionated pea protein on protein molecular structure and gelling properties

AbstractDry fractionation is an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective method to separate protein fractions. While most research has focused on the structure and functional properties of pea protein isolates (PPI), the information on dry fractionated pea protein (DFPP) is limited. This study compared DFPP (protein content (PC): 50.7%, insoluble fiber: 17%), to PPI (PC: 80.1%, insoluble fiber: 8.33%), in terms of the protein structure, solubility, and heat‐induced gelation. SDS‐Page, size‐exclusive chromatographic, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectrophotometer analysis indicated that DFPP contained the major protein components in pea, and their native structures were well maintained. Whereas for PPI, some proteins were lost during wet extraction, and partial protein unfolding and aggregation were observed. At neutral pH, DFPP showed significantly higher solubility (44.64 ± 0.55%) than PPI (12.09 ± 1.42%). Interestingly, DFPP showed good gelling capacity as reflected by lower gelling concentration and higher gel mechanical strength and elasticity compared to those made from PPI. The DFPP gels were twice higher in mechanical strength (7.71 ± 0.21 kPa) than that prepared from PPI at pH 7. Strong gels were also obtained for DFPP at pH 5. The gel morphology revealed phase separation between protein and polysaccharides by heating, with stick‐shaped fiber (10–25 μm) dispersed in the continuous protein networks. Eventually, the polysaccharides including fiber and starch helped strengthen the gel network by acting as fillers. This knowledge will help to expand the applications of DFPP as a gelling ingredient in food formulations, but also allow industry to benefit from the dietary fiber co‐exist in the protein to develop healthier food products using a holistic approach.

Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Agroindustrial Waste and Byproducts: Results and Perspectives According to the Green Chemistry and Circular Economy.

Polyphenols are natural secondary metabolites found in plants endowed with multiple biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and anticancer). In view of these properties, they find many applications and are used as active ingredients in nutraceutical, food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic formulations. In accordance with green chemistry and circular economy strategies, they can also be recovered from agroindustrial waste and reused in various sectors, promoting sustainable processes. This review described structural characteristics, methods for extraction, biological properties, and applications of polyphenolic extracts obtained from two selected plant materials of the Mediterranean area as olive (Olea europaea L.) and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) based on recent literature, highlighting future research perspectives.

Assessment of the digestibility, growth performance, hematological and serum biochemical profile of Bandjock Local Pigs (BLP) and Duroc X Large White pigs (DLW)

The study aimed to assess the digestibility, growth performance, and selected biochemical and hematological parameters of Bandjock Local pigs (BLP) and Duroc X Large White pigs (DLW). We hypothesize that the use of local ingredients in diet formulation associated to improved rearing conditions, enhance the growth performance, digestibility, biochemical and hematological parameters of BLP. The trial involved dividing twenty-four eight-week-old weaner pigs into two groups. Each group was randomly assigned to separate pig units. Animal management and feeding were consistent between both groups. The trial lasted for 120 days during which the growth performance, the digestibility of ingested nutrients, and biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated. The results indicate that DLW pigs registered a weight gain (46.56±5.19 kg) significantly higher than BLP pigs (34.02), with a statistically similar feed conversion ratio. Except for albumin which was significantly higher in DLW and urea in BLP, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in total protein, cholesterol, globulin, triglycerides, creatinine, AST, and ALT as well as hematological parameters between the breeds. However, the exotic DLW had a relatively high mean blood platelets and white blood cell concentration. Although the fecal nitrogen was higher in BLP and the urinary nitrogen was lower in the DLW, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) for urine, fecal, and total excreted nitrogen in both breeds. The lowest scores in nutrient digestibility were recorded with BLP compared to DWL, except for crude fibers. The results of this study demonstrated that using diet formulated with local ingredients and improved rearing conditions, Cameroonian local indigenous pigs have a better productivity compared to exotic breeds. It suggests that efforts should be made by authorities to promote and valorize the rearing of indigenous pigs in complement to exotic pig breeds in view of strengthening the Cameroonian pig industry.

Ethnobotanical Study and Hedonic Evaluation with Cost Analysis of Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) Stem Serum Preparation as an Anti-Aging Solution

In skincare, particularly facial serums, the utilization of natural ingredients is crucial in addressing various skin issues, notably combating the effects of free radicals that contribute to wrinkles. This study explores the potential of banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) stem extract as an active ingredient in serum formulation due to its rich anthocyanin content known for antioxidant properties. Hedonic testing and cost analysis serve as initial steps in the marketing mix of a product. This research aims to assess the hedonic preferences of various M. paradisiaca stem serum formulations and analyze the production costs. A descriptive research method employing survey and observational techniques was utilized for data collection and descriptive analysis. Hedonic testing was conducted to gauge the personal preferences of panelists toward M. paradisiaca stem serum formulations. Three formulations (F1 with 4%, F2 with 8%, and F3 with 12% M. paradisiaca extract) were evaluated by 40 panelists. Cost analysis of serum production employed quantitative descriptive analysis, computing the cost per unit using a variable costing method. The hedonic evaluation results showed that F1 formulation was highly preferred (79.3%), followed by F2 (73.2%), and F3 (66.8%). Cost analysis using the variable costing method revealed a total production cost of IDR 614,000.00 for 10 packages of M. paradisiaca stem serum formulation, translating to an approximate unit price of IDR 61,400.00.

In vivo quantitative characterization of nano adjuvant transport in the tracheal layer by photoacoustic imaging.

Adjuvants are indispensable ingredients in vaccine formulations. Evaluating the in vivo transport processes of adjuvants, particularly for inhalation formulations, presents substantial challenges. In this study, a nanosized adjuvant aluminum hydroxide (AlOOH) was synthesized and labeled with indocyanine green (ICG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to achieve strong optical absorption ability and high biocompatibility. The adjuvant nanomaterials (BSA@ICG@AlOOH, BIA) were delivered as an aerosol into the airways of mice, its distribution was monitored using photoacoustic imaging (PAI) in vivo. PAI results illustrated the gradual cross-layer transmission process of BIA in the tracheal layer, traversing approximately 250 µm from the inner layer of the trachea to the outer layer. The results were consistent with pathology. While the intensity of the BIA reduced by approximately 46.8% throughout the transport process. The ability of PAI for quantitatively characterized the dynamic transport process of adjuvant within the tracheal layer may be widely used in new vaccine development.

Analisis Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Tablet Effervescent

The purpose of writing this review article is to determine the formulation analysis and evaluation of the use of various additional ingredients in effervescent tablets. The method used is a literature review originating from journals and other research results from various references regarding the formulation and evaluation of additional ingredients in various types of effervescent tablets. This aims to provide a summary of relevant publications and increase current understanding. Formulation and evaluation of additional ingredients in effervescents are important aspects that need to be considered in product development. Decisions regarding the use of additives should be based on the desired purpose, desired physical characteristics, stability, and consumer acceptability. With a good understanding of the formulation and evaluation, high quality effervescent tablets can be produced. The use of a variety of additional ingredients can provide different taste and texture characteristics to effervescent, which can affect consumer acceptability.

Assessing the impact of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng leaf extract on bread quality

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe potential of Plectranthus amboinicus aqueous extract (PAAE) to enhance the quality properties of wheat bread was investigated. PAAE was incorporated as an ingredient in bread formulations to improve shelf life.FindingsThe results indicate that the technological characteristics of bread formulations were enhanced with the inclusion of up to 75% PAAE. This enhancement led to increased specific volume and expansion properties. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated improved interaction between gluten and starch. PAAE exhibited potential in retarding bread hardening and preventing mold growth.ConclusionsPAAE holds promise as a novel ingredient for use in baked products. Its inclusion in bread formulations significantly improved technological characteristics, including specific volume and color, and positively influenced the interaction between gluten and starch. Additionally, PAAE showed potential in extending the shelf life of bread and inhibiting fungal growth.Significance and NoveltyThis study is significant due to the introduction of a novel ingredient, PAAE, in the field of baking. The incorporation of this extract represents an innovation in the quest for improvements in the nutritional and technological properties of baked goods. The ability of PAAE to function as an antifungal agent holds great relevance for the food industry.