Amount Of Ingredient Research Articles

Control of Spodoptera frugiperda on Fresh Corn via Pesticide Application before Transplanting

Background: Pesticide application before transplanting crops has been widely used in rice as an economical and effective method for reducing the use of chemical pesticides. This study focused on the feasibility of the application of pesticides before transplanting in a fresh corn nursery to control Spodoptera frugiperda. Methods: Three pesticides, including 35% Chlorantraniliprole WDG, 6% Spinetoram SC, and 3% Emamectin Benzoate WDG, combined with Polyorganosilicon (HTY-A8) or special flight additives (MF) as synergists were used and their toxicity was determined in the larvae of S. frugiperda feeding on sweet corn in the third leaf stage treated with 5 and 25 times the conventional field application concentration. The best combinations were tested in the field. The results showed that S. frugiperda exhibited high sensitivity to the three pesticides. The period of pest control validity of 35% Chlorantraniliprole WDG and 6% Spinetoram SC in the larvae was about 20 days, while that of 3% Emamectin Benzoate WDG was much shorter. The active component content of Chlorantraniliprole in the corn leaves was significantly higher than that of Emamectin Benzoate and Spinetoram. The pest control effects of Chlorantraniliprole were significantly promoted by HTY-A8 and MF. The field experiment showed that the control effect on S. frugiperda could last for 17 days by spraying Chlorantraniliprole or Spinetoram at 25 times the conventional concentration before transplanting, Furthermore, this method could reduce the amount of active ingredient to 4/5 or 3/4 of that found in a single field spray or seed coating treatment, respectively. Conclusions: This study puts forward a new method to effectively control S. frugiperda in the seedling stage of fresh corn.

The Caffeine Content of Energy Drinks in accordance with the Information on the Package Label

Six different brands of energy drinks (EDs) were analyzed to determine the concentration of caffeine in accordance with the information on the package label. Approximately 28.1 milligrams per 100 milliliters (mg/100 ml) of caffeine was present in the Mo energy drink brand, which was nearly 1.5 times the caffeine concentration listed on the product label. The energy drink with the highest caffeine content was Dragon, which contained 30.1 mg/100 ml, or a total of 150.5 mg per 500 ml bottle. Manufacturers of energy drinks (EDs) should accurately list the amount of caffeine and other ingredients on the product label so that consumers know how much of each ingredient they are taking. Taking too much caffeine can be bad for your health.

Health-promoting Properties Infusions of Hibiscus Flowers and Selected Berry Fruit Processing By-products

Aim: This study aimed to compare the health-promoting properties of hibiscus flowers infusions with pomace infusions from black chokeberry, blackcurrant, raspberry and strawberry. Methodology: Five types of fruit pomace infusions were selected as the research material: hibiscus flowers infusion and infusions from black chokeberry, blackcurrant, raspberry and strawberry pomace. The total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity and colour parameters were determined. Results: The highest content of phenolic compounds was found in hibiscus flowers infusion (453.25 mg GAE/L of infusion). Hibiscus flowers infusion also showed the highest antioxidant activity measured by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP tests. Among the tested infusions from selected berry fruit by-products, the infusion from chokeberry pomace was characterised by a high content of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The lowest total phenol content and antioxidant activity were found in the strawberry pomace infusion. Implications and recommendations: Despite their popularity and variety of flavours, commercial fruit teas that use fruit by-products need to be standardised in terms of their health-promoting content. This means that there is no uniform, controlled standard that specifies the amount of specific beneficial health-promoting ingredients in each package of fruit tea. The authors’ future research related to hibiscus flowers and berry pomace will focus on the influence of organoleptic characteristics on biological activity and the standardisation of the developed tea prototypes in terms of the content of health-promoting substances. Originality/value: According to the research, hibiscus flowers infusion has the highest antioxidant and colouring properties. Chokeberry pomace infusion showed antioxidant properties comparable to hibiscus flowers infusion. Consequently, the health-promoting properties and low cost of fruit processing by-products may contribute to their broader use in the tea industry.

PS-P14-1: EFFECT OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON DIETARY SALT REDUCTION IN FEMALE STUDENTS FROM EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

Objective: High sodium intake is a leading dietary risk factor for mortality, especially in China, Japan, and Thailand. Salt reduction is imperative in East and Southeast Asia. The use of umami (glutamate) can effectively decrease salt intake while maintaining food palatability. However, it is unclear whether different eating habits and lifestyles among various nationalities influence the effect of glutamate. This study compared the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the saltiness and palatability of low-salt solutions among students from East and Southeast Asia. Design and method: A total of 77 female students, stratified into four groups by nationality (from Japan [N = 28], China [N = 17], South Korea [N = 15], and Southeast Asia [Vietnam, Malaysia, and Thailand, N = 17]), tasted 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% NaCl solutions with or without 0.3% MSG to evaluate saltiness and palatability. Saltiness and palatability were assessed using a visual analog scale. Then, the participants were asked for their height (cm), weight (kg), length of stay in Japan (for international students only), and degree of sodium intake. We analyzed the within-group and intergroup differences in ratings of saltiness and palatability. Results: Among the 77 participants (mean age of 21.6 years), only the 0.3% NaCl solution with MSG showed significantly higher saltiness and palatability ratings than those without MSG. The 0.6%, and 0.9% NaCl solutions with MSG showed significantly higher palatability ratings than solutions without MSG. The 0.6% NaCl solution with MSG had the highest palatability rating of the six solutions. The saltiness ratings for each NaCl solution with or without MSG differed significantly by their nationality (p < 0.05), except for the 0.9% NaCl solution without MSG. The saltiness rating was lowest in the Southeast Asian group. Participants in the Japan, China, and Southeast Asia groups rated the palatability of 0.3% NaCl solution as significantly higher with MSG than without MSG (all p < 0.05). In this regard, a higher but non-significant trend was noted in the South Korean group (p = 0.074). There was no intergroup difference in palatability in the six solutions (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Adding an appropriate amount of umami ingredients improved the palatability of low-salt solutions, regardless of the difference in salty taste rating by their nationality. It was clarified that the utilization of umami is effective for salt reduction in East and Southeast Asia, where excessive salt intake is a major issue.

Reducing Medication Errors: Rethinking Prescribing Drugs in Standardized Units over Quantities of Ingredients

The prescribers need to memorize the dose and strength of thousands of drugs often with similar sounding names but differing actions, by their weight (strengths), which could lead to significant errors in medication. When prescribing, instead of using amounts in milligrams, a “standard unit” - a universal standard adult dose unit- concept can be employed to minimize such instances of erroneous recollection of dosages. Prescribers would not essentially need to know the composition and actual amount of active pharmaceutical ingredients in prescribed drugs if such a standardized unit prescribing system could be adopted. They could simply resort to prescribing the required number of units of medication instead. The standard adult dose of any drug could be referred to as one adult unit regardless of the amounts by weight. Only drug manufacturers and research scientists would need to know the actual strengths of the medications in milligrams of what would be referred to as a standard adult unit. Implementation of the unit system, along with the incorporation of electronic prescribing, could allow for simple data entry, and easier corrections for lean body weight/BMI, renal function, age, pregnancy, etc., leading to improvements in patient safety and optimal dosage achieved, eliminating difficult calculations. Moreover, a parallel paediatric unit could also be developed. The conceptual study to arouse an interest cannot address all issues and details relating to actual implementations.

Standardization of Randang Lokan Recipes in Nagari Sasak, Sasak Ranah Pesisir Sub District, West Pasaman Regency

This research is motivated by differences in the use of spices, the dosage of ingredients in processing and processing techniques of randang lokan so that there are differences in the quality of the results of randang. This study aims to standardize the recipe for randang lokan in Nagari Sasak, District of Sasak Ranah Pesisir, West Pasaman Regency which includes ingredients, spices, tools, processing techniques and analyzes the quality of randang lokan in terms of color, aroma, texture and taste. This type of research method is qualitative and quantitative research with mixed methods (Mixed Method). Qualitative data sources were obtained from 10 community members who were experts in making lokan rendang and quantitative data sources were obtained from 10 trained panelists, namely people who knew about rendang lokan and 5 limited panelists from UNP Catering lecturers. Qualitative data collection techniques are observation, interviews, documentation and quantitative data collection techniques are organoleptic test questionnaire format. The qualitative data analysis technique uses three activity lines, namely: data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and quantitative data analysis techniques using the formula (Mx = Σ x / N), the validity of the quantitative data validity test data, namely: participation extension, diligent observation, and triangulation. Based on the results of the study, the best Randang Lokan recipe in Nagari Sasak, Sasak Ranah Pesisir District, West Pasaman Regency includes the ingredients used, the amount of ingredients, how to make and and the quality of Randang Lokan. From this recipe for randang lokan, the standardization of randang lokan has been converted. Organoleptic tests were carried out to standardize the recipe for randang lokan to obtain good quality meat, including: color of dadak randang lokan (dark brown), aroma of lokan (perfumed flavor), aroma of dadak randang lokan (charm typical of lokan inflammation), texture of lokan (tender), texture of dadak Randang lokan is quite dry, the taste of lokan (not fishy), the taste of sudden randang lokan (savory).

CHARACTERIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL BONE BROTHS FORMULATED WITH VARIOUS MEAT AND NON-MEAT INGREDIENTS

Bone broth has been utilized as food and as a favorite ingredient in many dishes for centuries; notwithstanding, due to the recent growing interest of the consumers, industrial production of bone broths has become widespread. This study evaluated physical and chemical quality features of industrial bone broths produced with beef bone, water, and seasonings (BC), including vegetable mixture (BV), beef trotter (BT), or beef trotter plus sheep head meat (BTH). BTH had the highest lipid and protein contents, and also lipid oxidation levels. The lowest free fatty acids were detected in BC, followed by BT, BV and BTH. SIMCA model provided distinct clusters with interclass distances of more than 3. Consequently, bone broths showed different quality characteristics when formulated with meat or non-meat ingredients. Specifically, FTIR combined with multivariate analysis might provide valuable information, but further studies are needed to quantify the amounts of ingredients added to the formulation.

Rapid Smartphone-based Image Reading for Assessing Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients of Commonly Prescribed Drugs-Lusaka Zambia

Third world countries suffer from supply of substandard therapeutic drugs and due to lack of robust quality testing facilities, many of these drugs find themselves in the dispensaries and various outlets for over the counter purchase. In order to ensure quality, simple yet informative tests are available and one of them is high performance thin layer chromatography. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with image acquisition by TLC software application on a smart phone and analysis by freeware Digitally enhanced Thin Layer Chromatography (DeTLC) respectively was performed using the minilab protocols for assessing quality of drugs dispensed at the University of Zambia clinic as well as drugs randomly bought from different pharmacies around Lusaka, Zambia. The quality of drugs was assessed by comparing retardation factors with standards and approximate percent active ingredient amounts were compared using the maximal K intensities derived by the DeTLC software for image analysis. Normalizing the spots to the 100% spot, mean values with respective standard deviations were : atenelol (85.6±0.5), ciprofloxacin (95.6±1.1), ketoconazole (78.2±1.1), mebendazole (95.5±1.1), nevirapine (96.7±1.1), penicillin v (100.5±1.1), quinine (92.9±1.1), rifampicin (99.3±0.7) and isoniazid (72.0±4.1). All the drugs tested were within the acceptable range of concentrations of the active pharmaceutical ingredient ( 0 to 5.3% Rf error). Thus, the simple robust HPTLC method coupled with simple to use digital imaging software provides a quick means to check on quality of the drugs dispensed.

Standarization Of Pinyaram Banana Recipes As A Traditional Cakes In Kenagarian Salayo Solok Regency

This study intends to standardize the shape, color, scent, texture, and taste of banana pinyaram in Kanagarian Salayo, Solok Regency. This standardization was carried out in order to characterize and examine the shape, color, scent, texture, and taste of banana pinyaram. This study aimed to standardize the banana pinyaram recipe in Kenagarian Salayo, including the components, amount of ingredients, preparation method, and quality. The Mixed Approach research method was employed, which is a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods. Direct trials on the production of banana pinyaram are a quantitative method. The qualitative method entails interviewing the informants and making observations. On (December 15, 2021 – January 15, 2022) this study was conducted in four jorongs in Kanagarian Salayo, Kubung District, Solok Regency, and the Catering Workshop. A completely randomized design (CRD) with three repetitions was used in this qualitative investigation. The primary data was collected directly from three expert panelists who responded to an organoleptic test format on the standardized quality of banana pinyaram in Kanagarian Salayo, Solok Regency, which was then tabulated into a table format and analyzed to see the differences between the ten recipes that would be standardized by the t test. In qualitative research, the informants are interviewed and observations are made. Shape (neat semi-circle) 3.67, color (dark brown) 3.89, scent (fragrant banana) 3.56, texture (chewy) 3.67, and flavor (sweet) 3.33 were the average values.

Kualitas Mikroorganisme Lokal Dari Keong Mas Dengan Berbagai Jumlah Bahan Yang berbeda

Golden snail is a snail which is commonly found in rice fields which can cause damage to rice plants. The golden snail is known as a pest of rice plants because it can damage thousands of hectares of rice seedlings at an early age in a short period of time but will be beneficial if it is managed as a microorganism. Local microorganisms are microorganisms used as starters in the manufacture of solid organic fertilizers and liquid fertilizers as well as fast growing decomposers in agricultural systems. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of local microorganisms in producing bioactivators from various amounts of different ingredients in the golden snail. This research was conducted in four locations, namely the Agronomy Laboratory of the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic (manufacturing bioactivators), the Production Laboratory of the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic (composting), and at Sucopindo (nutrient analysis). This research used three treatments including golden snail bioactivator I (A1), golden snail bioactivator II (A2), and golden snail bioactivator III (A3). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that treatment A3 (Keong Mas III Bioactivator) gave the best results for the parameters of temperature, color, odor and C-organic local microorganism (MOL) for the golden snail, while treatment A1 (Bioactivator Keong Mas I) gave the best results for the parameters Ph.

It doesn’t add up! Calculations in the modern pharmacy technician curriculum

Abstract Introduction Current teaching of calculations to pre-registration pharmacy technicians covers a variety of areas, including dose calculations, conversions, molarity, percentages, displacement values and dilutions. Within the University of East Anglia course these are taught over 2 years with 5 exams spread throughout the course. The extent of how much each calculation is used in practice is unknown. Currently the only educational requirement for pharmacy technicians relating to calculations is to ‘‘Accurately perform pharmaceutical calculations to ensure the safety of people’’ 1. This is open to interpretation and there is no definitive list of what types of calculations pharmacy technicians are expected to carry out and therefore should be taught. Aim Identify the types of calculations that pharmacy technicians undertake in practice and compare this to the types of calculation currently taught on the pre-registration training course for pharmacy technicians. Methods An online survey was distributed via a gatekeeper (after ethical approval, ref ETH2122-1122) to pre-registration pharmacy technicians enrolled on the UEA training programme in their second year, and their educational supervisors who are registered pharmacy technicians. Consenting responders were asked how often they use a variety of calculations in daily practice ranging from ‘never used’ to ‘use every day’. Calculation examples included quantities and volumes to supply, unit conversions, infusion rates, ingredient amounts (using formulae, percentages and displacement values) and molarity. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics via the online JISC survey platform. Results 51 responses were received: 45% pharmacy technicians and 55% pre-registration pharmacy technicians. Responders were from a variety of pharmacy settings: 52.2 % hospital, 17.4% community and the remaining split between mental health, general practice, health in justice, care homes, education and Primary Care Networks. All calculations had been used in practice but to varying degrees of regularity. More common types were: calculating the quantity to supply (100% having used), calculating a dose by volume of liquid (98.1%) and converting dosage units (98.1%). 16 out of 28 calculation types were ‘never used’ by over 50% of responders. The most rarely used being: calculating the molarity of a solution (9.8%), calculating the amount of ingredient to make a set molarity (6.9%), and using displacement values to calculate the base needed for suppositories (6.9%). Discussion/Conclusion The results show that there is disparity between what calculations are taught and what calculations are used by pharmacy technicians in practice. Potential improvements to the curriculum could be to remove some calculations that are less frequently used, focussing more upon commonly used calculations. Removal of any calculations from the curriculum however could result in learners being unable to effectively undertake these if they were to come across the calculation in practice. More research is needed into the importance of learning these calculations, the consequence of removing them from initial curriculums and if there is a need to teach these as further learning for qualified pharmacy technicians.

Suitability of botanical extracts as components of complex mixtures used in herbal tea infusions-challenges and opportunities.

Herbal tea is a mainstay dosage form in practically all systems of traditional medicine and widely used in modern alternative and complementary medicine. Incorporating botanical extracts into herbal tea formulations is of vital interest to manufacturers as it allows for the use of herbal ingredients that would otherwise not be suitable for the dosage form, for instance, dosing requirements, solubility in water, sensory constraints etc. Furthermore, reducing the amount of ingredients in a formula increases compliance with dosing recommendations and thus therapeutic benefit. However, formulating with botanical extracts comes with challenges, ranging from sourcing ingredients of appropriate quality, developing suitable methods for quality control with combinations of (herbal) ingredients, processing constraints such as hygroscopicity, solubility, dispersibility, homogeneity of distribution, and packaging machinability, all the way to stability required for hot-water infusion. We report on experiences with overcoming such challenges in a set of examples and provide guidance to the extract industry on how to tap into the bagged tea sector with better suited or tailor-made solutions for the formulator.

Natural Compounds and Products from an Anti-Aging Perspective.

Aging is a very complex process that is accompanied by a degenerative impairment in many of the major functions of the human body over time. This inevitable process is influenced by hereditary factors, lifestyle, and environmental influences such as xenobiotic pollution, infectious agents, UV radiation, diet-borne toxins, and so on. Many external and internal signs and symptoms are related with the aging process and senescence, including skin dryness and wrinkles, atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, etc. Oxidative stress, a consequence of the imbalance between pro- and antioxidants, is one of the main provoking factors causing aging-related damages and concerns, due to the generation of highly reactive byproducts such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during the metabolism, which result in cellular damage and apoptosis. Antioxidants can prevent these processes and extend healthy longevity due to the ability to inhibit the formation of free radicals or interrupt their propagation, thereby lowering the level of oxidative stress. This review focuses on supporting the antioxidant system of the organism by balancing the diet through the consumption of the necessary amount of natural ingredients, including vitamins, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), essential amino acids, probiotics, plants’ fibers, nutritional supplements, polyphenols, some phytoextracts, and drinking water.

Investigation of the growth performance, blood status, gut microbiome and metabolites of rabbit fed with low-nicotine tobacco.

Tobacco contains a large amount of bioactive ingredients which can be used as source of feed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary addition of low-nicotine tobacco (LNT) on the growth performance, blood status, cecum microbiota and metabolite composition of meat rabbits. A total of 80 Kangda meat rabbits of similar weight were assigned randomly as four groups, and three of them were supplemented with 5%, 10%, and 20% LNT, respectively, with the other one fed with basal diet as control group. Each experiment group with 20 rabbits was raised in a single cage. The experiments lasted for 40 days with a predictive period of 7 days. The results revealed that LNT supplementation had no significant effect on the growth performance, but increased the half carcass weight compared with control group. Dietary supplemention of LNT decreased the triglycerides and cholesterol content in rabbit serum, and significantly increased the plasma concentration of lymphocytes (LYM), monocytes, eosinophils, hemoglobin HGB and red blood cells. In addition, LNT supplementation significantly changed the microbial diversity and richness, and metagenomic analysis showed that LNT supplementation significantly increased Eubacterium_siraeum_group, Alistipes, Monoglobus and Marvinbryantia at genus level. Moreover, LC–MS data analysis identified a total of 308 metabolites that markedly differed after LNT addition, with 190 significantly upregulated metabolites and 118 significantly downregulated metabolites. Furthermore, the correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the microbial difference and the rabbit growth performance. Overall, these findings provide theoretical basis and data support for the application of LNT in rabbits.

Reuse of Cornus officinalis nutlet for bioenergy

As a traditional nourishing Chinese herbal medicine, Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. has a long history of application. At present, only the flesh of the fruit of Cornus officinalis is used as a medicine, which wastes a large quantity of ingredients in the nutlet. To improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the fruit’s nutlet, which could be used when there is a shortage of the plant’s fruit in the market, this study used Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PY-GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to analyze the Cornus officinalis nutlet. The results showed that the active ingredients of Cornus officinalis nutlet have great medicinal value and could become a substitute for the fruit. After extracting the active ingredients, the residue can be used as a good biomass liquid fuel, providing reference for the future to replace fossil fuels. This study provides the scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of high-quality resources for Cornus officinalis.

Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Compounds from Arthrospira platensis and Its Effects on Tissue and Blood Cells-An Overview.

The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina platensis) is a natural source of considerable amounts of ingredients that are relevant for nutra- and pharmaceutical uses. Different hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances can be obtained by extraction from the biomass. The respective extraction techniques determine the composition of substances in the extract and thus its biological activity. In this short review, we provide an overview of the hydrophilic compounds (phenols, phycobiliproteins, polysaccharides, and vitamins) and lipophilic ingredients (chlorophylls, vitamins, fatty acids, and glycolipids) of Arthrospira platensis. The principal influences of these substances on blood and tissue cells are briefly summarized.

Experimental study of the mechanical properties of two-component backfilling grout

In mechanised tunnelling, the filling of the annular gap behind the precast concrete segments is one of the essential operations. The main goal of filling this space is to reduce surface settlements and limit movements due to tunnel excavation in the soil mass. To achieve this aim, a two-component grout is often used to fill the annular gap. Determination of the amounts of ingredients in the two-component grout should be carried out in such a way that the injection materials will be able to fulfil the required performance and technical properties. In this study, laboratory tests were carried out to investigate two-component grout properties, such as flowability, bleeding, gelling time and uniaxial compressive strength. The effect of lateral pressure on grout resistance was studied according to real excavation situations. The influences of the grout ingredients and effective parameters such as bentonite and cement contents, water–cement ratio and the dosage of accelerator (sodium silicate) and accelerator ratio were also investigated.

Tam Çiçeklenme Döneminde Yapraktan Uygulanan Kitosan, Demir Oksit ve Kitosanla Kaplanmış Demir Oksit Nanopartiküllerinin Farklı Konsantrasyonlarının Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra.’nın İkincil Metabolitleri Üzerine Etkileri

Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. (Hypericaceae) is one of the important medicinal plants. This herb is used in Turkish folk medicine for its antidepressant, anthelmintic and antiseptic effects. Hypericum extracts have an important commercial value in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, studies to increase the amount of secondary metabolites it contains are becoming widespread. Elicitors are biological and non-biological factors that can affect the synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants. In recent years, nanoelicitors have been used to increase the amount of active ingredients. In this study, to stimulate the synthesis of biologically active secondary compounds of H. triquetrifolium; chitosan, iron oxide and chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in concentrations of 0 (control), 50, 75, 100 and 150 ppm were sprayed on the leaves during full bloom. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that application of 100 and 150 ppm chitosan nanoparticles increased the amount of flavonol (hyperocyte and quercitrin) and naphthodianthrons (pseudohypericin and hypericin) in H. triquetrifolium. 50 ppm iron oxide nanoparticle hyperocyte, quercitrin and pseudohypericin; 75 and 100 ppm iron oxide nanoparticles increased the amount of hyperocyte, quercitrin and hyperforin. The 150 ppm iron oxide nanoparticle resulted in an increase in all compounds except hypericin. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles coated with chitosan were also used as elicitors to improve the chemical and biological properties of iron oxide. In this series, iron oxide nanoparticle coated with 100 ppm chitosan was effective and increased the amounts of quercitrine, kaempferol and pseudohypericin. The concentration of 75 ppm of this group was effective on quercitrin.

ТЭЖЭЭЛ ХОЛИХ (TMR) МАШИНЫ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙН ҮЗҮҮЛЭЛТИЙГ ОНОВЧИЛСОН ДҮН

New intensive cattle farm is being built with government support in order to meet the self-sufficiency of milk and meat products for Mongolian residents, keep stability, and reduce the seasonal dependence for food supply. It is urgent for us now to produce the mixed feed that is suitable for livestock type and age in the intensive farming. The feeding scientific approach should be specially paid attention to when using the multifunctional Total Mixed Ration (TMR) machine and effectively applying the TMR technology. When using the feed mixer TMR machine, it is necessary to optimize the main parameters of the machine operation and determine the mode parameters according to the characteristics of the grass, the amount of roughage, concentrated feed, additive and ingredients used in the preparation of mixed fodder. This paper made an experiment in Total Mixed Ration (TMR) machine and provided research results combined the parameters of feed mixing uniformity, palate ratio, subdivision rate, rotor speed, mixing times and feed moisture.

Standardization Of Randang Meat Recipes In Nagari Tanjung Gadang, Tanjung Gadang District, Sijunjung District

This type of research is a combined method of quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. The research aims to find literature and sources regarding the recipe for Randang beef in Agam Regency which includes: ingredients, quantity of ingredients, how to make and quality of Randang meat, while quantitative methods are used to find the standard recipe for meat Randang in Sijunjung Regency and organoleptic testing of the quality of Randang meat aspects (shape, color, aroma, texture and taste). This research was conducted at Guguk Naneh Nagari Tanjung Gadang, Tanjung Gadang sub-district, Sijunjung Regency for 1 month in December 2020. The results of interviews and observations concluded that the quality of the meat cage was square, blackish brown. , fragrant coconut aroma and spices and savory taste. The standardization of the meat randang recipe includes the main ingredients, seasonings and spices used, the size of the converted ingredients, processing tools, processing methods and the quality of the meat randang. After organoleptic tests were carried out on 5 selected meat randang recipes from each jorong, the highest average value was obtained, namely the recipe belonging to Mrs. Erminawati from Jorong Guguak Naneh with an average value of 36.4.