Aim:To study the ecological variation of intake of cassava foods and dietary cyanide load.Design:Ecological study design.Setting:Five communities in south-western Nigeria where tropical ataxic neuropathy (TAN) was described as endemic (area A), 11 communities in south-western Nigeria where TAN was described as absent (area B), and five communities in northern Nigeria (area C).Subjects:Subjects were randomly sampled from selected communities. Intake of cassava foods was estimated from dietary history and dietary cyanide load was estimated from urine thiocyanate concentrations. Residual cyanogens in cassava food samples from the community markets were determined.Results:In total, 1272 subjects from 21 communities – 238 from area A, 659 from area B and 375 from area C – were selected. Intake of cassava food per person per week was 17 meals in area A, 10 meals in area B, and one meal in area C. Geometrical mean urine thiocyanate concentrations were 73 μmol l−1, 51 μmol l−1 and 17 μmol l...

<p>We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with anaphylaxis after ingesting ice creams containing erythritol as a sweetener. After a detailed study of the ingredients of the ice cream after each episode, the only component in common was erythritol. This sweetener has recently been used in Europe as an artificial additive in many types of food and drink, mainly because it does not contain calories. Therefore, food and drink additives should be included in the differential diagnosis of food allergic reactions. This is the first record of an allergic reaction caused by erythritol in Europe.</p>

Phytochemicals present in detox juices and probiotics have demonstrated protective effects on cardiovascular risk factors. The consumption of these products alone modulate inflammatory mechanisms and metabolic biomarkers. However, the effect of the combination of detox juice and probiotics has not yet been evaluated on metabolic and inflammatory parameters. Objective of the study was to verify the effects of supplementation with a detox juice added with probiotic on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in healthy individuals. A controlled cross-sectional study was carried out with 40 healthy volunteers (20 men and 20 women), aged between 18 and 50 years. The volunteers ingested 200mL of a detox juice plus probiotic for 30 days. Before and after supplementation, the anthropometric profile, metabolic parameters (Colesteol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, glucose, HbA1c), concentrations of unltra sensitive reactive Protein C, Internelucin-6, activity Adenosine deaminase and DPP-IV. There was a slight improvement in anthropometric parameters and total cholesterol, a reduction in LDL-c concentrations (p 0.05), triglycerides (p=0.05) and a significant increase in HDL-c (p=0.002). There was a significant decrease in the activity of ADA and DPP-IV (p=0.01), together with a significant reduction in the concentration of IL-6 and CRP-us (p=0.01). The findings highlight that supplementation with probiotic detox juice improved the lipid profile and reduces inflammatory and metabolic markers, suggesting a possible positive effect in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in healthy volunteers, as it plays an important role as an anti-inflammatory agent and lipid-lowering. However, more robust studies with a prolonged treatment period should be conducted.

QUBES lesson on ingestion of microplastics by coral. Lesson will give environmental background and then use R for hands-on statistical analyses, followed by critical thinking questions.

A 24-year-old patient with a history of psychiatric co-morbidity presented after auto-ingestion of tampons and batteries. Both had been ingested on several occasions in the preceding 24 hours, and the patient declined to specify an exact number of ingested foreign bodies.

An experimental study on the effects of electroporation on pancreatic tissue was performed in pigs, and the fentanyl transdermal patch (FTP) was used postoperatively as part of multimodal pain management. Ingestion of an FTP, which resulted in fentanyl intoxication, was suspected 5 days after placement in one of the experimental pigs. The pig was first dysphoric, running in the stall, panting and vocalizing until it finally became depressed and it remained lying on the floor. Ingestion of an FTP was not observed but the fentanyl plasma concentration on the day of intoxication was 20.7 ng/ml, while at its peak after FTP administration it was only 0.492 ng/ml. The intoxication was successfully treated with a single intramuscular naloxone injection.

The blackthorn plum, Prunus spinosa L., has fruits with a stony endocarp. It is known that the germination of the Prunus species is long-lasting and challenging. Endozoochory, which is seed dispersal via ingestion by vertebrate animals, has been reported to break the dormancy in many plant species. In this study, a special zoochorial relationship, which was perceived to occur between domestic goats ( Capra hircus ) and P. spinosa , was investigated with regard to its various aspects. The pits spat by goats during rumination were examined microscopically and compared to the intact pits. The endocarp of pits from goats was seen to be superficially eroded, and the lignified cells were fragmented and broken. The average germination rates were detected in the five experimental groups for the 2018 and 2019 years, respectively, as it follows: 3.85% and 42.3% in the samples from goats with endocarp; 11.4% and 6.8% from goats without endocarp; 2.3% and 59.2% from the tree with endocarp; 3.9% and 9.6% from the tree without endocarp; and 0.8% and 80.0% in the samples sowed as whole dried fruit. A high germination rate and the shortness of the germination period for the first year reveal that the goats, as spitting type seed disperser, play an important supportive zoochorial role for the P. spinosa in nature.

Despite the importance of N. caninum in veterinary medicine, knowledge on the prevalence of this parasitosis in dogs is limited in some countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of canine neosporosis in dogs in Chalkidiki, Northern Greece. This prospective study was conducted between January 2018 and December 2019 in stray dogs aged ≥6 months old. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture before the female and male dogs underwent the spay and castration procedures, respectively. The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to screen dogs for the presence of IgG antibodies against N. caninum . Of 511 dogs included in this study, 39 (7.63%) were positive for IgG antibodies against N. caninum . Of all the dogs, 221 were males and 290 females, with positive results for IgG antibodies found in 16 (7.24%) males and 23 (7.93%) females. Because of their free ranging, stray adult dogs, in addition to ingestion of sporulated oocysts from the environment, they can have direct access to ingest tissue cysts originating from miscarriage products of cattle abortions or consumption of row meat of other intermediate hosts. Preventive measures should be developed and implemented to break the domestic cycle between dogs and bovine. We want to highlight the importance of regional reporting of neosporosis prevalence and control measures by veterinarians and veterinary authorities to farmers and public, in order to avoid this disease’s spread.

This study investigated the concentrations of radon and some heavy metals in drinking water in Ota; an industrial hub of south-western Nigeria. RAD-7; an active electronic device produced by the Durridge Company in the USA was used for measurement of radon concentration and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer for heavy metals. Twenty (20) water samples were collected for this study. Radon concentration in the samples varied from 2.3 to 34.5 Bq L-1, with a mean of 7.7 Bq L-1. The committed annual effective doses due to the ingestion of radon varied from 0.017 to 0.252 mSv y-1 with a mean of 0.056 mSv y-1. It was observed that 15% of the samples have radon concentration above the 11.1 BqL-1; the action level recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The mean concentration of heavy metals in the water samples were 0.02, 0.014, 0.048, 0.010 and 0.003 mgL-1for Cd, Pb, Se, Cr and As, respectively. The concentrations of Pb, Se and As were higher than the WHO permissible limit. This study revealed high concentration of some heavy metals in water in the study areas which may have some delirious effects on the consumers.

The contamination of 137Cs in wild-growing medicinal plants was studied with regards to the species, type of forest vegetation conditions and soil specific activity of 137Cs in Zhytomyr polissya forest phytocenoses (Ukraine). The research was carried out in two plots planted in the most region typical edatopes - fresh and wet subor (Querceto-Pinetum). Species composition of phytocenoses was analyzed and the plants that can be harvested for pharmaceutical industry were identified on these test plots,. The herbal substance samples were tested to determine the specific activity of 137Cs. The studies have shown significant variability in the content of radionuclides due to differences in the level of radioactive contamination in the soil and accumulative capacity of plant species. For European blueberry, the peculiarities of 137Cs accumulation in vegetative and generative organs were studied. Comparison of the content of 137Cs in pants of different edatopes showed more higher intensity of radionuclide accumulation in wet suborbs compared to fresh suborbs. The average values of concentration factors were calculated and their rankings were built according to the intensity of 137Cs accumulation for the plants in each edatope. All studied medicinal plants were divided into four groups according to the contration factor: with weak accumulation, moderate accumulation, strong accumulation, and very strong accumulation. Based on the permissible content of 137Cs in wild-growing medicinal plants (600 Bq/kg), the maximum permissible level of soil contamination with radionuclides was determined for each medicinal plant species.

Complement receptor 3 mediates both sinking phagocytosis and phagocytic cup formation via distinct mechanisms.

Coronavirus (COVID- 19), the new name for the disease caused by the recent coronavirus, SARS-COV-2 is all over the news. In a study today in emerging infectious disease, Swiss and German researchers found that alcohol-based sanitizers recommended by the WHO (World Health Organization) are effective in killing the novel coronavirus hand sanitizer is also called as hand antiseptic. It is used for killing pathogens like bacteria/viruses. According to CDC, Hand sanitizer does not remove pesticides1. Hand hygiene is an important. Washing hands with plain soaps and water for at least 20 second is essential. If it is not available, CDC (Centers for disease control and prevention) recommended consumers, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% ethyl alcohol. There are currently no drugs, including hand sanitizer, approved by FDA (Food and Drug Administration) to prevent or treat COVID-19. Hand Sanitizer are intended for use on the hands. FDA does not recommend spraying aerosolized disinfectants on humans. Hand sanitizer should not be used over larger body surfaces, ingested, inhaled. In this paper, formulation of sanitizer, its importance and its adverse effects is explained.

This database contains data on the amount of grit particles and arthropods ingested by six hummingbird species sampled in a seasonal ecosystem in western Mexico. Data were collected from the stomach content analysis of the sampled hummingbirds over a one-year period. Data presented are: 1) the total number of grit particles per stomach, 2) the biomass of arthropods ingested (g dry weight/stomach), 3) the Orders of arthropods ingested, and 4) the average chitin content of arthropods ingested (percentage dry weight).

Objectives. The COVID-19 crisis has fundamentally changed our daily life. Being a new viral disease affecting humans for the first time, vaccines are not yet available. This virus is spreading exponentially, depending on region. The aim of the study is to estimate the chemical impact associated with COVID-19 and its prevention or mitigation measures. Materials and methods. The study of specialized bibliographic sources from different databases was performed. Results and discussion. The best way to prevent illness is to avoid being exposed to this virus. In this context, the emphasis is on taking precautions, such as extensive hygiene protocol (e.g., regularly washing of hands, avoidance of face to face interaction, etc.), social distancing, and wearing of masks. Hand hygiene is an important part of the response to the international emergence of COVID-19. Practicing hand hygiene, which includes the use of alcohol-based hand rub or handwashing, is a simple, yet effective, way to prevent the spread of pathogens and infections. Frequent, and widespread, use of disinfectants leads to chemical exposure of the population. Disinfectants are dangerous substances and can be toxic if ingested. Even external exposure can be dangerous to the skin, eyes and respiratory system. Conclusion. Frequent and widespread use of disinfectants leads to the population chemical exposure. Inappropriate and unsafe use can lead to toxic effects in people. The main types of disinfectants are discussed in this article. Only approved biocidal products may be used. Practicing recommendations for the correct use of these chemical products, guarantees the public health and health care workers protection.

Rapunzel syndrome is a rare trichobezoar in adolescents, generally found in patients with anxiety disorder, who develop trichotillomania and subsequently ingest their hair. This is a review of the literature on Rapunzel syndrome in children under 18 years of age, regarding the case of a 16-year-old adolescent who attended the Sogamoso Regional Hospital due to pain in the upper hemiabdomen, vomiting, anemia and mass in right hypochondrium and flank. The diagnosis was made by endoscopy of the upper digestive tract and the patient was taken to surgery where a gastrotomy was performed and a large trichobezoar was removed, extending to the duodenum. The patient had an adequate clinical evolution. This type of pathology should be suspected in young patients with clinical signs and symptoms such as those described, and environmental factors that influence the development of underlying anxiety disorders should be ruled out.

The ongoing endorsement of lidocaine hydrochloride and epinephrine joined iontophoresis for confined agony treatment by FDA has empowered the picking up enthusiasm for iontophoresis tranquillize conveyance system for the transdermal conveyance of medications. This system of encouraged development of particles over a film affected by a remotely implied electric potential contrast remains one of utmost encouraging bodily skin infiltration improving strategy. The justification overdue utilizing this procedure remains the capacity of technique to build the foundational conveyance of great atomic weight mixes with precise information energy and least between topic changeability in any case accomplished just when parenteral course of organization is utilized. As of late, great saturation of bigger peptides alike insulin has had been accomplished by this method being mixed through concoction accompaniments. This audit quickly depicts the features that influence iontophoresis tranquillize conveyance and abridges the investigations directed as of late utilizing this procedure so as to accomplish higher foundational ingestion of the medications having low latent dispersion in any case. The impact of pervasion enhancers (synthetic enhancers) on iontophoresis motion of medications has likewise been depicted. Present survey additionally gives an understanding into invert iontophoresis. Different constraints that influence transdermal retention of medications by iontophoresis comparable medication fixation, extremity of medications, and pH of contributor arrangement, nearness of co-particles, ionic quality, and terminal extremity and so on have additionally been inspected in detail.

Convergence Study for Effect of Probiotics Ingestion and Aerobic Exercise with Different Intensities on Motor Learning and Bodyweight in Adolescence

INTRODUCTION: Deliberate sharp foreign body ingestions (FBI) usually present as endoscopic emergencies, associated with high health care cost. These are associated with risks of perforation, leading to mediastinitis or peritonitis. We describe the case of a 38-year-old female with recurrent admission for deliberate ingestion of sharp foreign bodies and challenges associated with retrieval and prevention. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: A 38-year-old female with borderline personality disorder presented to the emergency room with abdominal pain and nausea. She admitted to ingesting sharp foreign bodies, including razor blades and needles. On physical examination, she appeared stable with mild epigastric tenderness but no guarding or rebound tenderness. CT scan of the abdomen revealed radiopaque objects in her stomach and duodenum (Figure 1). There was no sign of visceral perforation. Urgent EGD revealed ingested sharp foreign bodies which were successfully retrieved using Rat Tooth forceps, snares and use of long overtube to protect the esophageal mucosa (Figures 2A and 2B). The patient had been admitted to the hospital numerous times with similar presentation. Her first hospital admission with foreign body insertion into body was 16 years ago when she had ingested paper clip and an open safety pin. In 2019 alone, she had undergone 23 CT scans for investigation of ingested foreign bodies and EGD 9 times. DISCUSSION: Current guidelines recommend emergent removal (within 2–6 hours) of foreign objects which are sharp, cause obstruction in esophagus or battery in the esophagus. Urgent removal (within 24 hours) is indicated for magnets within endoscopic reach, non-sharp objects in esophagus or sharp/pointed in the stomach or duodenum. Surgical consultation should be sought if the sharp objects fail to progress more than 72 hours or patients develop symptoms and signs of bowel perforation. Rat-tooth and alligator forceps, polypectomy snare, triprong grasper, Dormia basket, Roth net, and magnetic probes are used for retrieval. To prevent mucosal injury and protect airway during retrieval process, devices such as an overtube, can be used, as was done in our case for retrieval of razor blade. Repeated endoscopic removal of foreign can cause positive reinforcement to dysfunctional behaviors and hence resulting in recurrent and more complex ingestions. Early and aggressive multidisciplinary approach which includes psychiatry consultation, behavioral therapies and pharmacotherapies remain crucial.Figure 1.: CT scan showing razor blade in stomach.Figure 2.: A-Ingested sharp objects. B- Use of Overtube for removal.

Os materiais odontológicos são relativamente raros de serem engolidos, ainda mais quando se trata de objetos ortodônticos. Entretanto, esse tipo de emergência pode surgir no ambiente da clínica odontológica. Embora o ideal seja evitar sua ocorrência, é necessário que o profissional saiba conduzir a situação, em casos que venha a acontecer. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura e descrever um caso clínico de ingestão de contenção ortodôntica. Desta forma, exemplificar complicações oriundas da deglutição acidental e propor possibilidades de conduta. A fim de obter essas respostas, realizou-se de uma revisão da literatura associada a um estudo de caso sobre o tema em questão. Como resultados, obteve-se que a deglutição ou aspiração de aparelhos ou de componentes associados ao aparelho ortodôntico fixo ou removível são as categorias mais citadas na literatura. Independentemente da incidência, episódios como ingestão ou aspiração de corpo estranho são reconhecidos como possíveis complicações em Ortodontia. Quando os acidentes ocorrem fora do consultório odontológico, os pacientes geralmente estão em tratamento ortodôntico, o que representa menos de 10% do total de casos de deglutição acidental. Conclui-se que a investigação após a ingestão de qualquer componente de um aparelho ortodôntico é fundamental para levar a segurança do paciente e realizar qualquer encaminhamento médico necessário para atendimento de emergência a fim de evitar possíveis complicações.

Context: To describe a case of massive bupropion overdose leading to cardiac toxicity and seizures in an adolescent suicide. Case: A 19 year old female presented to the emergency department with an estimated bupropion overdose of 28.2 grams with possible oxcarbazepine consumption. The patient was unresponsive and was treated for intermittent seizures and cardiogenic shock but could not be resuscitated and died within 48 hours. Discussion: Several existing reports regarding bupropion overdose describe sinus tachycardia and seizures corrected by symptomatic treatment. However, to our knowledge, this case documents the highest ingestion of bupropion recorded thus far in literature and demonstrates the rapid onset of cardiac dysfunction.