Ingestion Of Fish Research Articles

Associations between dietary intake and sarcopenia: a Mendelian randomization study.

sarcopenia, typified by the progressive diminution of skeletal muscle mass and functionality, represents a substantial public health challenge, particularly among the geriatric population. Dietary intake, as a modifiable determinant, has elicited considerable interest due to its prospective role in preventing and alleviating sarcopenia. this investigation employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, a robust statistical method, to investigate the causal associations between dietary consumption and sarcopenia-associated phenotypes, including appendicular lean mass (ALM), hand grip strength, and walking pace. Genetic variants extracted from the extensive UK Biobank cohort served as instrumental variables for a comprehensive set of 26 dietary elements. our MR analysis unveiled that the ingestion of oily fish and cheese was significantly correlated with augmented ALM, diminished risk of low hand grip strength, and enhanced walking pace. In addition, cooked vegetables, fresh fruit, dried fruit, cereal, and raw vegetables were protective of one or both of the sarcopenia-associated phenotypes. These findings were robust to potential confounding influences owing to the sophisticated MR design. our results underscore that specific dietary constituents play a pivotal protective role against sarcopenia, underscoring the necessity for tailored nutritional strategies to bolster muscle health in the elderly. Further investigations are requisite to corroborate these findings across heterogeneous populations and to unravel the underlying biological mechanisms.

Overview of the therapeutic efficacy of marine fish oil in managing obesity and associated metabolic disorders.

In the present scenario, obesity is a challenging health problem and its prevalence along with comorbidities are on the rise around the world. Ingestion of fish becomes trendy in daily meals. Recent research has shown that marine fish oil (FO) (found in tuna, sardines, and mackerel) may offer an alternative method for reducing obesity and problems associated with it. Marine FO rich in long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) and long-chain omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-6 PUFA) plays an important role in reducing abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome and has a variety of disease-fighting properties, including cardioprotective activity, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory activity. Studies in rodents and humans have indicated that LC n-3 PUFA potentially elicit a number of effects which might be useful for reducing obesity, including suppression of appetite, improvements in circulation, enhanced fat oxidation, energy expenditure, and reduced fat deposition. This review discusses the interplay between inflammation and obesity, and their subsequent regulation via the beneficial role of marine FO, suggesting an alternative dietary strategy to ameliorate obesity and obesity-associated chronic diseases.

Study of the Risk Associated with Fish Ingestion in the Volta Grande of the Xingu River - Brazilian Amazon Region

Study of the Risk Associated with Fish Ingestion in the Volta Grande of the Xingu River - Brazilian Amazon Region

Assessing microbiological and heavy metal pollution in surface waters associated with potential human health risk assessment at fish ingestion exposure

Fish represent a significant source of nutrients but also cause negative health effects due to their bioaccumulation capacity for pollutants. The aim of this study was to examine the transfer of metals from the water of several rivers (Somes, Tisa, Sasar, Lapus, Lăpusel) to fish (Caras sp) tissue (subcutaneous fat, muscles, liver, intestines, kidneys, gills, brain, and eyes) and to identify and assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn), Cooper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr) and Zinc (Zn) through the ingestion of fish (muscles and subcutaneous fat tissues). The obtained results indicated that a diet consisting of fish is particularly vulnerable, particularly in children compared to adults. The risk assessment results were below the threshold limit, although the fish samples contained heavy metals, with values exceeding the permitted limits of Fe (4.41–1604 mg/kg), Cr (727–4155 µg/kg), Zn (4.72–147 mg/kg), and Ni (333–2194 µg/kg). The studied surface waters are characterized by low and high degrees of pollution with heavy metals, as indicated by the heavy metal pollution index scores (HPI: 12.4–86.4) and the heavy metal evaluation index scores (HEI: 1.06–17.6). The considerable pollution levels are attributed to the high Mn content (0.61–49.7 µg/kg), which exceeded the limit up to fifty times. A consistent set of physico-chemical analysis (pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, turbidity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, Ca, Mg, Na, K) was analysed in water samples as well. Considering the water quality index scores (WQI: 16.0–25.2), the surface waters exhibited good quality. Microbiological results indicated the presence of Listeria monocytogenes and atypical colonies of coagulase-positive staphylococcus in fish. In contrast, the surface waters from which fish samples were collected were positive for Escherichia coli, and coliform bacteria intestinal Enterococci. Based on the study’s results, it is recommended to exercise caution in the case of children related to the consumption of fish and using the waters for drinking purposes. This study provides important data of considerable novelty to the riparian population, researchers, and even policy makers on the quality status and potential levels of contamination of river waters, fish and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish that may cause adverse effects on human health if consumed, and similarly the heavy metal pollution degree of waters and the non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals through ingestion and skin absorption of water in children and adults (the study area is a significant source of fisheries).

Microplastic ingestion in five demersal, bathydemersal and bathypelagic fish species from the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica

Antarctica has traditionally been viewed as a relatively isolated ecosystem. Although still considered pristine, it is increasingly also being affected by microplastic pollution. Reported high sea floor concentrations raise concern that these ecosystems might act as major sink for microplastic pollution. This is significant as species in those remote ecosystems are likely more sensitive to rapid environmental change due to a high level of specialization, and lower tolerance levels. Microplastic ingestion in fish has barely been assessed in high latitude environments. Here we aimed to provide baseline data for the eastern Weddell Sea, which is particularly remote, and suggested for an area of conservation. By analyzing gastrointestinal tracts of 40 specimens from five species, we report an overall microplastic incidence rate of 0.23. This is lower than recent studies have found for other species in the Southern Ocean, and below global means. The highest incidence rate was detected in L. squamifrons (0.67), followed by P. evansii (0.29). The most common polymer was polyethylene recovered as 8 particles (42.1 %) from one specimen, while from the remaining 11 microplastics polyester was most common (36.8 %). This study shows that even in a remote region of the Antarctic Ocean with almost no vessel traffic, fisheries or touristic activity, bathydemersal and bathypelagic fish exhibit microplastic particles in their gastrointestinal tract.

Does the microplastics ingestion patterns and polymer composition vary across the oceanic zones? A case study from the Indian coast

This study explores microplastic (MP) presence in the gastrointestinal tracts of deep-sea fish from the Central Indian Ocean, off the Indian coast. Among the 27 species examined, 19 showed MP contamination, averaging 2.68 ± 0.30 (±SE) MPs per individual. Polymer analysis via FTIR and micro-Raman identified several types, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polypropelene (PP), polyvinyl acetate (PVC), polyurethane (PU), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyaniline (PANI), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polyethersulfone (PES), with PET being the most prevalent (33.33 %). MP ingestion was higher in benthopelagic fish and those at higher trophic levels, as indicated by comparisons across oceanic zones. Niche partitioning analysis suggests feeding behaviour as a primary influencer of MP ingestion in deep-sea fish rather than habitat or trophic level. The study proposes the potential use of deep-sea fish as indicators for assessing microplastic pollution across oceanic zones and deep-sea regions through bycatch monitoring.

Assessing metal(loid)s-Induced long-term spatiotemporal health risks in Coastal Regions, Bay of Bengal: A chemometric study.

Despite sporadic and irregular studies on heavy metal(loid)s health risks in water, fish, and soil in the coastal areas of the Bay of Bengal, no chemometric approaches have been applied to assess the human health risks comprehensively. This review aims to employ chemometric analysis to evaluate the long-term spatiotemporal health risks of metal(loid)s e.g., Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, As, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Ni in coastal water, fish, and soils from 2003 to 2023. Across coastal parts, studies on metal(loid)s were distributed with 40% in the southeast, 28% in the south-central, and 32% in the southwest regions. The southeastern area exhibited the highest contamination levels, primarily due to elevated Zn content (156.8 to 147.2 mg/L for Mn in water, 15.3 to 13.2 mg/kg for Cu in fish, and 50.6 to 46.4 mg/kg for Ni in soil), except for a few sites in the south-central region. Health risks associated with the ingestion of Fe, As, and Cd (water), Ni, Cr, and Pb (fish), and Cd, Cr, and Pb (soil) were identified, with non-carcinogenic risks existing exclusively through this route. Moreover, As, Cr, and Ni pose cancer risks for adults and children via ingestion in the southeastern region. Overall non-carcinogenic risks emphasized a significantly higher risk for children compared to adults, with six, two-, and six-times higher health risks through ingestion of water, fish, and soils along the southeastern coast. The study offers innovative sustainable management strategies and remediation policies aimed at reducing metal(loid)s contamination in various environmental media along coastal Bangladesh.

First Evidence of Potential Microplastic Ingestion of Yellow Striped Goat Fish Upeneus vitattus (Forsskal, 1775) Caught in Malita, Davao Occidental, Philippines

Microplastic (MP) study in the Philippines is gaining attention because of the recent trends in macro-microplastic study worldwide and there is already a call for research to help the degrading marine environment in the country. No study in Malita, Davao Occidental was conducted to document microplastic contamination. To address this gap, 30 goat fishes collected in 6 sampling stations were dissected and microplastic were extracted, counted, and characterized. Results revealed that 96.67% of samples were contaminated with microplastic. In terms of microplastic type, fiber was most dominant than fragments, in microplastic hue, color black was the most common and microplastic with size ranging from 50 to 500µm were usually observed. Comparable amount of microplastic was obtained in fish guts across stations (P>0.05) which means that fish ingestion of microplastic were evident in the area. Based on Correlation, the length (r2=0.13), wet weight (r2=0.17) and gut wet weight (r2=0.29) of the fish does not tell the amount of microplastic ingested by each yellow stripped goat fish since there is a weak relationship between the two parameters. The result suggests, Malita’s seawater is already polluted with microplastic and demersal fishes that practice high site fidelity were very susceptible to microplastic ingestion. A stronger solid waste management policy must be implemented and activities such coastal clean ups and information drives must be initiated by all stakeholders. Further, microplastic investigation in seawater and sediments must be conducted to have a more detailed study of the whole extent of microplastic contamination in Malita, Davao Occidental.

Accumulation of potentially toxic elements in fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) and black pomfret (Parastromateus niger) from Selangor, Malaysia.

The accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has raised public awareness due to harmful contamination to both human and marine creatures. This study was designed to determine the concentration of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) in the intestine, kidney, muscle, gill, and liver tissues of local commercial edible fish, fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum), and black pomfret (Parastromateus niger) collected from Morib (M) and Kuala Selangor (KS). Among the studied PTEs, Cu and Zn were essential elements to regulate body metabolism with certain dosages required while Cd and Ni were considered as non-essential elements that posed chronic and carcinogenic risk. The concentration of PTEs in fish tissue samples was analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). By comparing the concentration of PTEs in fish tissues as a bioindicator, the environmental risk of Morib was more serious than Kuala Selangor because both fish species collected from Morib resulted in a higher PTEs concentration. For an average 62kg adult with a fish ingestion rate (FIR) of 0.16kg/person/day in Malaysia, the estimated weekly intake (EWI) of Cd from the consumption of E. tetradactylum (M: 0.0135mg/kg; KS: 0.0134mg/kg) and P. niger (M: 0.0140mg/kg; KS: 0.0132mg/kg) had exceeded the provisional tolerable weekly intake (Cd: 0.007mg/kg) established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and oral reference dose (ORD) values of Cd (0.001mg/kg/day) as provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regional screening level, thus it posed chronic risks for daily basis consumption. Besides, the value of the carcinogenic risk of Cd (0.7-3 to 0.8-3) and Ni (0.5-3 to 0.6-3) were in between the acceptable range (10-6 to 10-4) of the health index that indicates a relatively low possibility cancer occurrence to the consumers in both Morib and Kuala Selangor. This study recommended FIR to be 0.80kg/person/day to reduce the possibility of posing chronic and carcinogenic risks while at the same time obtaining the essential nutrients from the fish.

Health Risk Assessment of Exposures to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Water and Fish Ingestion in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Health Risk Assessment of Exposures to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Water and Fish Ingestion in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

The influence of emerging atmospheric organophosphorus flame retardants from land source emissions on the East China Sea

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) pose a new challenge to the marine environment due to their toxicity and persistence. This study explores the contributions of OPFR emissions from different land sources and sectors to its contamination of the East China Sea (ECS) using a novel atmospheric transport model（ChnMETOP）for POPs and a marine food web model. The results show that the major land sources causing OPFR pollution in the ECS were situated in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and middle reach areas of China's Yangtze River, confirming that source proximity made most significant contributions to OPFR pollution in the ECS. Among those OPFR emission sectors, industrial emissions accounted for the highest modeled OPFR levels in the seawaters, followed by the OPFR usage process in textile, plastic, and rubber products. Assessment of bioaccumulation of OPFR in the marine food web of the ECS and the potential risk in commercial fish consumers reveals lower exposure risk via dietary fish ingestion. However, the risk might increase if OPFRs are continuously bioaccumulated in the biotic and released into the abiotic marine environment. This study simultaneously identified both the source locations and emission sectors, thereby providing important policy implications in mitigating OPFR pollution in the ECS marine environment.

First Report of Microplastic Ingestion in Edible Fish along Moroccan Mediterranean Coasts

Monitoring the ingestion of microplastics (MPs) by marine organisms in the environment is essential for understanding the threats posed by these pollutants. In this study, we assessed, for the first time, the presence of MPs in the digestive tracts of two fish species, Chelon auratus and Sardina pilchardus, as well as a bivalve species, Callista chione, in the Moroccan Mediterranean Sea. Moreover, we calculated the polymeric hazard index (PHI) to verify the hazard level of isolated polymers. The results showed that all species ingested MPs, indicating a high level of MP pollution in this area. The MPs ingested were predominantly small (0.5–1 mm) and had a fiber-like shape. The results showed that PP and PET were the most abundant polymers ingested. The highest occurrence of MPs (100%) was found in C. chione and C. auratus, followed by S. pilchardus (72%). In C. chione, the average number of ingested MPs was 19.19 items per individual, while in C. auratus, the mean abundance of ingested MPs was 16.82 items per individual, and 9.64 items per individual in S. pilchardus. Moreover, the polymer hazard index showed that PET was in hazard level IV, while PP was in level III. Further studies are required in the Moroccan Mediterranean Sea to obtain a better evaluation of the occurrence, distribution, and impacts associated with MP pollution.

Salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt (Salmo salar)

Water ingestion in fish increases with both water salinity and feeding. However, it is unclear whether, during feeding, water ingestion is intended to aid chyme liquefaction in the stomach or to maintain the osmotic homeostasis within the body of the fish. We investigated the effects of increasing water salinity (0, 10, 20, 35 ppt) on the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes in the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt (Salmo salar) fed a commercial-like diet. Furthermore, the effect of water salinity on blood pH, plasma osmolality and ions was investigated. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Chyme was collected from 4 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments (stomach, proximal, middle and distal intestine) and analysed for dry matter, pH, osmolality, crude protein and mineral content. Water and electrolyte fluxes, kinetic of digestion and faecal digestibility were measured using yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as an inert marker. We found that between 0 and 35 ppt chyme dry matter decreased by 1.6% and 4.8% in the stomach and proximal intestine, respectively. Chyme pH was not affected by water salinity in the stomach, but it increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in all intestinal segments. Chyme osmolality increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the stomach and it decreased in all intestinal segments. Water fluxes were similar among salinities in the stomach, but they increased nearly fivefold (6.2 versus 27.3 ml g−1 ingested DM) in the proximal intestine between 0 ppt and 35 ppt. An efflux of monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the proximal intestine. An efflux of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) increased curvilinearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the middle intestine. Plasma osmolality and ion levels increased with salinity. Crude protein digestibility and protease activity decreased significantly with water salinity in the intestine. Our study highlights that when Atlantic salmon moves from freshwater to higher water salinity environments, drinking of saltwater does not interfere with hydration of feed in the stomach, but instead bypasses to the proximal intestine to aid in osmoregulatory water uptake. Therefore, we suggest that water ingestion in seawater fish is intended for osmoregulation rather than to aid digestion by liquefying chyme in the stomach.

Microplastics in commercial fish digestive tracts from freshwater habitats in Northern Thailand

Microplastics (MPs) contamination in fish species was one of the emerging environmental issues as a result of the widespread presence of plastic pollution in the environment. The presence of MPs in Thailand's freshwater was scant, and in contrast to other countries, little was known about the presence of this contaminant in freshwater fish. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the abundance, characteristics, and variation of MPs in various Thai commercial freshwater fish species. In order to compare the differences in MP ingestion rates across different feeding zones, 166 fish representing 24 species from various feeding zones were collected. MPs were found in the gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of all fish samples tested, which was a substantially larger number than previously reported in other locations. Of all the fish species, Anabas testudineus, Labeo rohita, and Oreochromis mossambicus had the highest concentration of MPs (34.90 ± 21.43, 34.50 ± 7.78, 34.10 ± 11.15 items/individuals). Microscopical examinations showed that the majority of MPs were fiber-shaped and blue in color. Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) showed that the polymers found in fish GIT were polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl acetate, poly (methyl vinyl ether), poly (methyl vinyl ether), polybutadiene, poly (ethylene-co-propylene), poly (ethylene glycol) tetrahydrofurfuryl ether, poly (methyl phenyl siloxane), poly (styrene-co-divinylbenzene), and polyvinylidene fluoride. The results of this study demonstrate that demersal fish had a higher concentration of MPs than benthopelagic and pelagic fish, indicating that plastic ingestion in fish may be related to the feeding habitat. However, it was not discovered that differences in the fish's body weight and length affected the MPs' ingestion. Our findings will help people in Thailand understand which freshwater fish and fish from which feeding zones are more contaminated with MPs for human consumption.

Çevresel Kirleticilerin Zebra Balığı Üreme Sistemi Üzerindeki Etkileri

Environmental pollutants cause health problems as well as affect living or non-living things in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Many harmful substances, the use of which is increasing today, directly or indirectly cause deterioration in the quality of life of living things. Pollutions originating from water-primarily affect fish health. Negative effects are observed on the physiological, biochemical, and anatomical structures of fish feeding, migrating, and breeding in the aquatic environment due to pollutants. Zebrafish is an important model organism thanks to its development and easy reproduction. Many potential pollutants in the aquatic environment degrade the quality of water. Natural, industrial, domestic, etc. To the aquatic environment. Pollutants of organic or inorganic origin emitted from sources can cause toxic effects on fish. Pesticides, which are considered as one of these pollutants, are used to destroy the effects of harmful pests while causing death in living things, their negative effects on the reproductive system like many systems have been revealed. Heavy metals negatively affect the biological systems of fish by causing bioaccumulation by ingestion of fish mostly through respiration. Although endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EBC) affect different tissues and organs for generations, their effects on the reproductive system increase by affecting the hormonal system. Nanoparticles affect different biological systems as well as the reproductive system. In this article, the histological effects of environmental pollutants on zebrafish ( Danio reiro) reproductive organs and the reasons for choosing zebrafish as a model organism re-evaluated.

Fecundity, in vitro early larval development and karyotype of the zoonotic nematode Anisakis pegreffii

The in vitro life cycle of zoonotic helminths is an essential tool for -omic translational studies focused on disease control and treatment. Anisakiosis is an emerging zoonosis contracted by the ingestion of raw or undercooked fish infected with the third stage larvae (L3) of two sibling species Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anisakis pegreffii, the latter being the predominant species in the Mediterranean basin. Recently, in vitro culture of A. pegreffii has been developed to enable fast and large-scale production of fertile adults. However, the conditions for larval development from hatching to infective L3 were not fulfilled to complete the cycle. Herein, we used a Drosophila medium supplemented with chicken serum and adjusted different osmolarities to maintain the culture of L3 hatched from eggs for up to 17 weeks. The highest survival rate was observed in the medium with the highest osmolarities, which also allowed the highest larval exsheathment rate. Key morphological features of embryogenesis and postembryogenesis studied by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the excretory gland cell is differentiated already up to 48 h post-hatching. Extracellular vesicles and cell-free mitochondria are discharged between the two cuticle sheets of the second stage larvae (L2). Contemporarly cultivated, two populations of adult A. simplex s.s. and A. pegreffii reached an average production of 29,914.05 (± 27,629.36) and 24,370.96 (± 12,564.86) eggs/day/female, respectively. The chromosome spreads of A. pegreffii obtained from mature gonads suggests a diploid karyotype formula of 2n = 18. The development of a reliable protocol for the in vitro culture of a polyxenous nematode such as Anisakis spp. will serve to screen for much needed novel drug targets, but also to study the intricated and unknown ecological and physiological traits of these trophically transmitted marine nematodes.

Investigating the effect of type of fish and different cooking methods on the residual amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in some Iranian fish: A health risk assessment.

The aim of this study was to assess the level of PAHs and associated health risks in different types of fish cooked with different methods, using the MSPE-GC/MS technique (magnetic solid phase extraction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry). The limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs) and recovery percentages ranged from 0.1 to 0.63μg/kg, 0.3-1.89μg/kg, and 93.7 to 102.6%, respectively. The results showed that the mean of ƩPAHs in all samples was 20.31±6.60µg/kg. Additionally, PAH4 and BaP levels in all samples were 4.58±1.40 and 1.08±0.36µg/kg, respectively, which were below the European Union (EU) standard level (12 and 2µg/kg, respectively). The results showed that among 5 types of fish, starry sturgeon had highest average total PAHs (13.24±1.84µg/kg), while Caspian Sea sprat had the lowest average total PAHs (1.24±0.8µg/kg). In terms of cooking methods (charcoal-grilled fish, fried fish and oven-grilled fish), charcoal-grilled fish had the highest average total PAH level at 25.41±7.31µg/kg, while the lowest average total PAH was found in the raw fish sample at 16.44±4.63µg/kg. The Monte Carlo Simulation was used to determine the 95% ILCRs (Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk) due to ingestion of fish. The results showed that the ILCR for adults was 2.85E-9, while for children it was 1.32E-8. Therefore, based on these findings, it can be concluded that the consumption of fish cooked with different methods does not pose a risk to human health in terms of the amount of PAHs (ILCR<1×10-4).

DETERMINATION OF MICROPLASTIC IN SELECTED FRESHWATER FISH SPECIES FROM AGRICULTURE FISHPOND IN TANJONG KARANG, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

As the amount of plastic in the environment continues to rise, one of the most significant environmental challenges that has emerged is the contamination of seafood with microplastics (MPs). This study was conducted in Tanjong Karang, Selangor, in order to investigate the prevalence of MPs, their properties, and the range of variation among them in different species of freshwater fish. Twelve different fish species from a variety of feeding zones were investigated to establish the degree to which MPs consumption rates differed from zone to zone. It was found that MPs were present in the gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of 29.2% of the fish samples, which is a higher percentage than what has been found in other regions that have been documented. When compared to the other fish species, the Anabas testudineus has the greatest concentration of MPs. Examinations at a microscopic level indicated that the film morphotype and the colour white were predominant among MPs. Fourier Transform Infrared analysis showed that the fish gastrointestinal tract contained high-density polyethene and polypropylene as the predominant polymers. Plastic ingestion in fish may be related to the feeding zones, as indicated by the fact that demersal fish have a greater concentration of MPs compared to benthopelagic and pelagic fish. This finding will help people have a better understanding of which types of freshwater fish and which types of feeding zones contain greater levels of MP contamination.

Excess lifetime cancer risk due to ingestion of fish from a dam reservoir associated with a nuclear facility in Brazil

Fish from a Funil dam reservoir associated with a Nuclear Fuel Factory were sampled aiming to assess the radiological risk due to ingestion. Funil dam reservoir is a strategic site, once it receives effluent from the industrial complex that performs isotopic enrichment of uranium and conversion of UF6. The mean activity concentrations obtained for 40K, 226Ra, 228Ra and 228Th were 57.81, 0.41, 0.92 and 0.49 Bq·kg−1, respectively. Lifetime cancer risk was estimated in ∼10−5 and no action needs to be taken.

IgE-Mediated and Non-IgE-Mediated Fish Allergy in Pediatric Age: A Holistic Approach-A Consensus by Diagnostic Commission of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

Fish is one of the "big nine" foods triggering allergic reactions. For this reason, fish allergens must be accurately specified on food labels. Fish allergy affects less than 1% of the world population, but a higher prevalence is observed in pediatric cohorts, up to 7%. Parvalbumin is the main fish allergen found in the muscles. In childhood, sensitization to fish allergens occurs most frequently through the ingestion of fish, rarely transcutaneously or by inhalation. Fish allergy symptoms usually appear within two hours of the allergen contact. The diagnosis begins with the collection of the history. If it is suggestive of fish allergy, prick tests or the measurement of serum-specific IgE should be performed to confirm the suspicion. The oral food challenge is the gold standard for the diagnosis. It is not recommended in case of a severe allergic reaction. It is important to make a differential diagnosis with anisakiasis or scombroid poisoning, which have overlapping clinical features but differ in pathogenesis. Traditionally, managing fish allergy involves avoiding the triggering species (sometimes all bony fish species) and requires an action plan for accidental exposures. The present review will analyze IgE- and non-IgE-mediated fish allergy in children from epidemiology, pathogenesis to clinical features. Moreover, clinical management will be addressed with a particular focus on potential nutritional deficiencies.