Ingestion Research Articles

Trends of Magnet Ingestion in Children, An Ironic Attraction

Purpose: Magnet ingestion by pediatric patients is a dangerous, emerging phenomenon. In particular, ingestion of multiple magnets possess the capacity to attract across bowel layers leading to pressure necrosis, perforation, peritonitis, fistula formation or death. Federal policy culminated in a 2012 ban against the magnet sales which was later reversed by the US Federal 10th Circuit court in 2016. We hypothesized that a well-coordinated public advocacy effort combining the 2012 safety regulations enacted by government regulation and medical organization public education reduced magnet ingestion rates in children. Methods: Data collected from the Consumer Product Safety Commission’s …

619 - Determination of Gluten Grams Ingested and Excrected by Adults Eating Gluten-Free (Doggiebag)

619 - Determination of Gluten Grams Ingested and Excrected by Adults Eating Gluten-Free (Doggiebag)

Catch up Growth of Low Birth Weight Infants and its Relation to Serum and Breast Milk Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1

Background: Breast-fed preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants show a better outcome partly ascribed to the benefit of insulin-like growth factors. There was much debate whether orally ingested insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) can survive luminal digestion and affect growth parameters. Using a prospective cohort study, we investigated the relationship between postnatal growth of LBW …

Diagnosing Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity in Children

Nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is marked by intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms associated with gluten ingestion in people without celiac

Estimating the prevalence of Brucellosis in cattle in Zimbabwe from samples submitted to the Central Veterinary Laboratory between 2010 and 2014.

Brucellosis is a disease caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella, which is endemic in sub-Saharan African countries, including Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe has a widespread dairy industry with peri-urban dairy establishments built in order to improve milk availability to rural communities. This study has been the first attempt to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in Zimbabwe as a whole, using samples submitted to the Central veterinary laboratory between 2010 and 2014. A total of 156 farms were tested with Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Complement Fixation Test (CFT) and Milk Ring Test (MRT). Parallel testing was used to determine whether or not a farm was to be considered positive: 30.1% (95% C.I.: 23.5% - 37.8%) of the farms tested were found positive (47/156). Harare district had the highest number of sample submissions with 6 out of 17 farms testing positive (P = 37.5%; 95% C.I.: 18.4% - 61.7%). Awareness of milk-borne zoonoses is reportedly generally low in farmers (41.5%). This is even more the case in small-holder farmers who have higher likelihoods of selling or ingesting raw milk compared with dairy farmers. The results show the need to carry out surveillance of brucellosis in cattle in Zimbabwe to understand the spatial distribution of the disease in the country. This is particularly relevant given the zoonotic and economic implications of this disease.

Caries Prevalence and Its Association with Body Mass Index in Children Aged 4 to 10 Years in Al Dulaymiah Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia – A Pilot Study

Introduction - Dental caries is a commonly encountered disease of childhood. It is a multifactorial disease and consumption of fermentable carbohydrates is one of causes for caries. Ingestion of excessive amounts of refined carbohydrates is also associated with obesity. Aims - The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its association with Body Mass Index (B.M.I) in Al Dulaymiah. Subjects and methods - The study consisted of 2 parts. In the first part, the socio demographic details were recorded. The second part consisted of the clinical dental examination and height and weight measurements. Dental caries was recorded as per World Health Organization criteria using the WHO Oral health form 1997. The weight was measured using a digital weighing scale nearest to 0.1 kg while the children wore light clothing and no shoes. The height was measured to the nearest full centimeter using a stadiometre while the children were in standing position. BMI was calculated by dividing the kilogram by height squared (kg/m2). Results- The highest percentages of caries were found among the underweight and overweight males (93.1 % and 85% respectively) with statistically significant difference from females who showed 73% caries in underweight females while no caries where detected among the overweight females. Considering the Odds Ratio the underweight children are more likely to have caries than the normal and overweight children in our study.

FDA approves pill with sensor that digitally tracks if patients have ingested their medication

FDA approves pill with sensor that digitally tracks if patients have ingested their medication

Pediatric medication poisoning

The drug poisoning is the most common cause of children′s accident.The percentage is increasing every year.Analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antihistamines are the most commonly ingested drugs in children.The principles of management of drug poisoning are: (1)resuscitation and initial stabilization; (2)diagnosis of type of poision.According to recent studies, gastric lavage should not routinely be used in all poisoning cases, instead the use of activated carbon is recommended.For severe or special cases advanced life support technologies such as mechanical ventilation, blood purification, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation should be considered. Key words: Drug poisoning; Children

Clinical significance of gastrointestinal patency evaluation by using patency capsule in Crohn's disease.

ABSTRACTCapsule endoscopy (CE) enables noninvasive visualization of the small bowel in Crohn’s disease (CD), but should not be conducted in patients with bowel obstruction. Patency capsule (PC) can be ingested before conducting the CE examination to ensure patency of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of GI patency which the PC demonstrated. A retrospective review of the medical records was conducted with 99 consecutive patients with CD who underwent PC and CE at Nagoya University Hospital from January 2010 to May 2015. By using the Cox proportional hazards model, the association between the GI patency evaluated using the PC and the outcome in terms of the rate of patients who needed admission or surgery during the 2-year follow-up was examined. Of all 99 patients who ingested the PC, 84 (84.8%) were diagnosed as not having bowel obstruction, and therefore were eligible for CE (P group). Of the 15 patients in whom bowel obstruction was suspected (NP group), 12 patients underwent either the balloon-assisted endoscopy (n=10) or enteroclysis (n=2), and 11 were confirmed to have small bowel stricture. Non-admission rates of the P and NP groups during the 2-year observation period were 74/84 (88.0%) and 8/15 (53.3%), respectively (P<0.001). Non-operation rates of the P and NP groups during the 2-year observation period were 80/84 (95.2%) and 9/15 (60.0%), respectively (P<0.001). In conclusion, GI patency as diagnosed using the PC was associated with a significantly lower incidence of admission or surgical intervention.

Milk, Daily products and Bone health.The effect of lactulose on bone health.

Lactulose is a non-digestible oligosaccharide, consisting of galactose and fructose. Bifidobacteria in the large intestine assimilate and metabolize lactulose, which has not been degraded or absorbed by humans, and they subsequently proliferate. Predominant bifidobacteria release short chain fatty acids, such as acetic acid and lactic acid, into the intestinal tract by lactulose metabolization, which lowers the intraluminal pH. As a result, the calcium that has flowed into the large intestine without absorption in the small intestine is solubilized and absorbed in the large intestine. So that means continuous ingestion of lactulose might contribute to bone health by increasing the absorption efficiency of calcium.

Transcription Profiling for Defensins of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) During Development and in Response to Infection With Chikungunya and Zika Viruses.

Aedes aegypti (L.) is a vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. These viruses encounter a variety of induced defense responses from the innate immune system of the mosquito. We cloned defensin A from Ae. aegypti using laboratory populations originating from Key West and Orlando, Florida. To characterize inducible immune defensin peptides, we examined the defensin A (DefA) and defensin C (DefC) expression through time course studies using quantitative real-time PCR. We observed that ingestion of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) infected blood triggered early upregulated expression of DefA and DefC at 3 h after blood feeding. At 10-d post infection, there was significant downregulation of DefA and DefC in CHIKV-infected females and significant upregulation of DefA and DefC in ZIKV-infected females compared with control mosquitoes fed uninfected blood. Our studies demonstrate that the relative activity of DefA and DefC changed depending on whether Ae. aegypti was infected with CHIKV or ZIKV, suggesting differences in antiviral defense responses. In addition, we also examined DefA and DefC gene expression during the different developmental stages. Significant qualitative and quantitative differences were found in DefA and DefC transcripts between Key West and Orlando strains. We found that adult males consistently had higher expression than adult females of different ages. Together, these data show that members of the Ae. aegypti defensin gene family play a role in both Zika and chikungunya antiviral response.

Pre-exercise optimisation of the alkalosis response to sodium bicarbonate ingestion: have we been missing its peak ergogenic effect?

The use of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) as an ergogenic aid has been widespread in athletic populations where high intensity, relatively short duration activity, is an important component of performance. The traditional ingestion time for this pre-exercise ergogenic buffering agent, is typically between 60-120 minutes before the start of exercise, using the most frequently ingested dose of 300 mg.kgBM -1 (McNaughton et al., 2016). This strategy has provided some equivocal data regarding the efficacy of the use of NaHCO 3 , in some sporting activities (Carr et al., 2012). However, a recent innovation using a personalised approach to the pre-exercise ingestion timing for NaHCO 3 (Miller et al., 2016; Sparks et al., 2017), may be more appropriate to achieve optimal ergogenic effects. The use of this technique has been shown to produce repeatable acid-base (Gough et al., 2017a) and performance responses (Gough et al., 2017b). More specifically, an individualised approach that synchronises the start of exercise with peak HCO 3 concentrations, appears to produce more consistent performance advantages over placebos in exercise bouts like 4 km cycling time trials (TT). This approach still suggests that doses of 300 mg.kgBM -1 are likely to be more ergogenic than 200 mg.kgBM -1 ones, but the associated gastrointestinal (GI) side effects that are exhibited in some athletes using higher doses may be ergolytic in extreme cases (Deb et al., 2018). Indeed, the GI symptoms are both difficult to predict and may vary between trials even with normal pre-exercise experimental dietary controls in place. Athletes, coaches, and performance nutrition professionals should therefore be aware of the potential ergogenic effect of NaHCO 3 , when individual time to peak has been accurately established, because it is likely larger than previously observed. However, caution and careful familiarisation with this ergogenic aid is essential to determine the severity of the potential ergolytic side effects that may preclude athletes from using it. Â Keywords: Ergogenic aid, performance, nutritional intervention, supplement. Â References Carr AJ, Slater GJ, Gore CJ, Dawson B, Burke LM (2012) Reliability and effect of sodium bicarbonate: buffering and 2000-m rowing performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 7 (2):152-60. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.7.2.152 Â Deb SK, Gough LA, Sparks SA, McNaughton LR (2018) Sodium bicarbonate supplementation improves severe-intensity intermittent exercise under moderate acute hypoxic conditions. European Journal of Applied Physiology 118 (3):607-615 . doi: 10.1007/s00421-018-3801-7. Â Gough L, Deb S, Sparks SA, McNaughton LR (2017a) The Reproducibility of Blood Acid Base Responses in Male Collegiate Athletes Following Individualised Doses of Sodium Bicarbonate: A Randomised Controlled Crossover Study. Sports Medicine 47 (10):2117-2127. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0699-x. Â Gough L, Deb SK, Sparks SA, McNaughton LR (2017b) The reproducibility of 4 km time trial (TT) performance following individualised sodium bicarbonate supplementation: a randomised controlled trial in trained cyclists. Sports Medicine Open 3 (1) :34. doi: 10.1186/s40798-017-0101-4. Â McNaughton LR, Gough L, Deb S, Bentley D, Sparks SA (2016) Recent developments in the use of sodium bicarbonate as an ergogenic aid. Current Sports Medicine Reports 15 (4):233-44. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000283. Â Miller P, Robinson A, Sparks SA, Bridge CA, Bentley D, McNaughton LR (2016) The effects of novel ingestion of sodium bicarbonate on repeated sprint ability. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 30 (2): 561-568. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001126. Â Sparks SA, Williams EL, Bentley D, Bridge CA, McNaughton LR (2017) Sodium bicarbonate ingestion and individual variability in time to peak pH. Research in Sports Medicine 25 (1):58-66. doi: 10.1080/15438627.2016.1258645.

Investigation of focal necrotizing pneumonia after diesel fuel ingestion

Investigation of focal necrotizing pneumonia after diesel fuel ingestion

Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus KCTC 5033 on the Appearance of Facial Skin due to the Ingestion of Probiotics and Paraprobiotics

Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus KCTC 5033 on the Appearance of Facial Skin due to the Ingestion of Probiotics and Paraprobiotics

Honey bee nectar foragers feeding themselves and the colony: a review in support of dietary exposure assessment

Quantitative knowledge regarding the foods collected and ingested by nectar foraging honey bees (Apis mellifera) is essential for accurately assessing risk associated with pesticide residues in their diet. Although a very large and diverse body of research is available covering many years of research in the literature, much of this research was designed for purposes other than risk assessment and the accumulated knowledge has not been comprehensively reviewed and consolidated from the viewpoint of pesticide risk assessment. Accordingly, in the interest of advancing all tiers of pollinator risk assessment, and identifying data gaps, we strove to gather, assess, and summarize quantitative data relating to nectar forager collection, consumption and sharing of nectar within the colony. Data pertaining to nectar forager provisioning before foraging flights, quantities of nectar brought back to the hive, frequency and duration of foraging trips and energetics was reviewed. Recommendations for future research in support of refined honey bee risk assessment will be discussed.

Pediatric brucellosis: A short review

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Gram-negative coccobacilli (Brucella) which is commonly spread by ingestion of animal milk or its products or inhalation of infectious aerosols. Modernization of milk and meat processing has reduced the incidence of brucellosis significantly in most developed nations. Literature search was carried out in the search engines using medical subject headings terms. Articles published in English between 1990 and 2016 were included in the review. Articles that describe the pediatric brucellosis particularly in the Middle East region were evaluated while preparing this short review. The disease is currently endemic in several African countries. As a result of mass migrations from endemic regions, the disease is reemerging in several nonendemic countries, and the global prevalence of the disease is likely to see an upward trend in the coming years. The disease has a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and signs and could result in complications with significant morbidity. Pediatric brucellosis has major influence of the health of young children and is often underdiagnosed. This review details the overall prevalence of the disease in the community, the microbiological and clinical profile, diagnostic methods, and appropriate treatment strategies. The review findings highlight the need to implement strategies for early identification and treatment reemerging zoonotic infection to curb its complications and associated morbidity and mortality.

Thyroid and celiac disease in pediatric age: a literature review.

Chronic autoimmune thyroid disease or Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and Graves-Basedow disease (GD) are the main autoimmune thyroid diseases in pediatric age. Both are characterized by the production of anti-thyroid antibodies, by an infiltration of autoreactive B and T lymphocytes into the thyroid parenchyma and by alterations in thyroid function (hyperthyroidism in GD, normal function or subclinical hypothyroidism in HT with possible evolution towards manifest hypothyroidism). Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic autoimmune disease caused by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed subjects, its prevalence is around 1% in Western Countries. It presents with a pathognomonic enteropathy, a variety of clinical manifestations, positivity for specific antibodies, positivity for typical haplotypes HLA DQ2/DQ8. The clinical manifestations may vary among four types: typical, atypical, silent and latent. Diagnosis can be made in presence of specific histopathologic findings in duodenal biopsies and antibodies positivity. Celiac disease is associated to various endocrine autoimmunities such as thyropathies, diabetes mellitus type 1, Addison disease, multiendocrine syndromes. The most frequent associated thyropaties are HT and GD. The present review aims to explore the associations between thyropathies and celiac disease in pediatric age. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Quality Index of the Diet of Patients with High Cardiovascular Risk: Clinical, Biochemical and Anthropometric Markers

This study aims to evaluate the diet quality index revised (DQI-R) and the clinical, biochemical and anthropometric markers of patients with high cardiovascular risk. Food consumption, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical data were assessed. Thirty-four patients (60.8±10.2 years) participated in the study, 52.9% being male, with high blood pressure (94.1%), coronary artery disease (94.1%), dyslipidemia (82.4% %) and acute myocardial infarction (79.4%). The average DQI-R punctuation score was 62.7 points (95% CI: 58.9-66.6). The highest DQI-R values (≥p75) were associated with lower diastolic blood pressure and higher respiratory capacity (p <0.05). There was a negative correlation between glycemia and adequacy of saturated fat intake (r = -0.676, p = 0.001) and between diastolic blood pressure and adequacy of “empty calories” intake (r = -0.405, p = 0.026). Positive correlation for respiratory capacity and total fruit intake (r = 0.380, p = 0.038) was observed. The diet quality index, due to lower ingestion of whole grains and fruits may be associated to clinical and biochemical outcomes in patients with high cardiovascular risk. These results indicate the relevance of nutritional interventions that could promote not only a healthy diet but also a better quality of life for these patients.

Case Study of Energy Efficiency in Massive MIMO System

By using large-scale antenna arrays, considerable enhancement in energy and spectral efficiency is accomplished. What will be the optimum number of antennas, active users and transmit power? In single cell consequence Zero Forcing (ZF) processing is used to know how the constraints interact. A conjoint belief is transmitter power is enlarged with large number of antennas that means EE-systems can operate in high Signal to noise ratio systems where interference-suppressing signal processing is mandatory. Systematic and arithmetical results show that, Massive MIMO is the solution to get maximum energy efficiency. A combination of Massive MIMO and Small cell access point is also anticipated to increase the energy proficiency at the UEs, without losing the Quality of Service (QoS). If latter are operator positioned, a spatial soft cell tactic can be used at the multiple transmitters to oblige the users by non-coherent beam forming, overall power ingestion can be

Raw data Polypharmacy in Alzheimer's disease patients in Brazil: Guidance for pharmaceutical assistance

Background: Elderly patients frequently have concomitant diseases, triggering the necessity of utilizing several different medications, which can cause adverse events associated with therapy, called polypharmacy. This study aimed to evaluate the main concomitant diseases with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and discuss possible interactions between drugs utilized to treat dementia and its comorbidities, and indicate safe medicines for patients with AD . Methods: 41 individuals with AD who withdraw medicines for dementia from the Brazilian public health system (SUS) participated in this study. Data collection was performed using three questionnaires: 1) Clinical Dementia Rating, to verify disease stage; 2) Mini–mental state examination, to measure cognitive impairment; and 3) Sociodemographic analysis, to evaluate concomitant diseases, utilized drugs, drug-drug interactions, among other demographic variables. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and data was presented as relative frequency. Results: The results of this study showed that the most frequent concomitant diseases with AD are: systemic arterial hypertension, depression, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. Polypharmacy was observed in 95.12% of patients. The pharmacologic classes that presented interactions with AD medications were anxiolytics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihypertensives, and antidiabetics. Conclusion: In the present study, polypharmacy in patients with AD and other concomitant diseases has been characterized. The average number of drugs that these patients ingested was seven per day, and this leads to drug interactions, which are potentially damaging to the body. Consequently, we have tried to reduce these interactions, by suggesting drugs that are safer, for example furosemide instead of amlodipine to treat hypertension.