Transport Infrastructure Research Articles

Coordinated Development of Supply Chain Management and Urban Transportation Planning

In the era of economic globalization, the harmonious integration of regional supply chain management and urban traffic planning is of paramount significance. This research meticulously dissects the intricate interplay between these two domains, with a particular emphasis on the detrimental impact of traffic congestion on the efficiency of supply chains, the strain that supplies chain expansion places on transportation infrastructures, and the conspicuous absence of effective information-sharing mechanisms. The study delves into a spectrum of strategic approaches, including integrated planning, traffic optimization, reengineering of supply chain processes, leveraging information sharing and technological advancements, as well as policy guidance and collaborative governance. These strategies collectively form a robust theoretical framework aimed at bolstering regional competitiveness and fostering sustainable development. Moreover, the research underscores the imperative need for future endeavors to concentrate on the integration of emerging technologies and the facilitation of cross-regional cooperation, both of which are pivotal in guiding regional economic prosperity and urban advancement.

Analyzing the Success Factors of Elon Musk's Business Empire

Born in South Africa, Elon Musk began his business career with the online financial services company X.com, which later became PayPal. In 2002, with the $165 million gained from selling X.com to eBay, Musk began expanding his business empire. Over the last two decades, this empire has extended across seven industries, including automotive, aerospace, and transportation infrastructure. Notable companies within this empire include SpaceX, Tesla, and The Boring Company. This analysis examines how Musk's traits have influenced the success of his companies, the role of team building within his enterprises, the impact of R&D innovation on the development of Tesla and SpaceX, and the importance of strategic execution in ensuring business success. Furthermore, the study investigates the influence of external opportunities and environments on Musk's accomplishments. By employing a mix of case studies, a comprehensive literature review, and quantitative analysis, it systematically evaluates the diverse elements that have played a pivotal role in Musk's success. The findings indicate that Musk's success relies on personal vision, innovative capacity, effective team building, substantial R&D investment, flexible strategic execution, and the ability to leverage external opportunities. As one of the most successful entrepreneurs of the era, Musk's business strategies offer valuable insights for the next generation of leaders in a rapidly transforming technological landscape.

Identifying key influencing factors of cross-regional railway infrastructure interconnection: a fuzzy integrated MCDM framework

Cross-regional railway infrastructure (CRI) plays an important role in promoting coordinated regional development. But current understanding on how to strengthen cross-regional railway infrastructure interconnection (CRII) and its influence mechanism is still very limited. This study constructed a conceptual model of CRII system to reveal the logic of CRII operation, and systematically identified 16 influencing factors. Meanwhile, an F-MCDM (F-Multi-criteria Decision Making) model was created to capture the interactions among the influencing factors, identifying eight key influencing factors and four possible countermeasures. The results revealed that policy and institutional innovation, incentives and investment ecology, efficient implementation and coordination mechanisms, and supply chain and technology security capacity are four crucial challenges for CRII. Among them, the cooperation modes between the central government and local governments, as well as among local governments, were identified as the most critical factors. Accordingly, a four-pronged framework of “policy alignment, cooperative incentives, operational excellence, and supply assurance” was developed to better promote CRII. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of CRII, enriches the body of knowledge on cross-regional transportation infrastructure interconnection, and provides theoretical support and decision-making references for policymakers to implement CRII.

Barriers to healthcare access among female youths in Mozambique: a mixed-effects and spatial analysis using DHS 2022/23 data

BackgroundAccess to healthcare involves timely and affordable service availability. Barriers, such as economic and geographic factors, particularly affect low- and middle-income countries. This study analyzes the spatial distribution and socio-economic determinants of healthcare access barriers among female youths in Mozambique to inform targeted interventions.MethodsData from the Mozambique Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2022/23 on maternal and child health was analyzed. Using a stratified two-stage sampling design, 619 enumeration areas were selected, including 5,743 female youths aged 15–24. Barriers were assessed based on finances, distance, permission, and safety, with independent variables like age, education, wealth index, marital status, and community factors. Analyses included multilevel logistic regression and spatial methods (Global Moran’s I, SaTScan) using Stata 17 and ArcGIS 10.7 to identify barriers and clusters.ResultsThis study found that 49.10% (95% CI: 47.81%, 50.39%) of female youths reported barriers to healthcare access, primarily due to financial difficulties (40.69%) and distance (38.16%). Youths aged 20–24 were 15% lower odds of facing barriers (AOR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.99). Those with no formal education were 2.18 times more likely to face barriers (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.22, 3.88). Youths from poor and middle-wealth households were 1.9 times (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.44, 2.49) and 1.51 times (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.92) more likely to face barriers, respectively. Married youths had a 1.22 times higher likelihood of facing barriers (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.44), and rural residents were three times more likely to experience challenges compared to urban residents (AOR = 3.00, 95% CI: 2.24, 4.01). Spatial analysis revealed regional disparities, with hotspots in Southern Manica and Northern Zambezia.ConclusionsFemale youths in Mozambique face significant barriers to healthcare access, mainly due to financial constraints and distance, with regional concentrations in Southern Manica, Southern Niassa, and Northern Zambezia. Key determinants include age, education, marital status, rural residency, and economic status. Targeted interventions should address these disparities by enhancing economic opportunities, promoting education, and improving transportation infrastructure. Policymakers must prioritize strategies to advance gender equity and health outcomes for female youths in Mozambique.

FEM modelling of hydrogen embrittlement in API 5L X65 steel for safe hydrogen transportation

Abstract Hydrogen is crucial for decarbonization efforts due to its abundance, environmental friendliness, and versatility. To maximize its potential, an efficient transportation infrastructure is essential. While utilizing the natural gas pipeline network for transporting hydrogen is cost-effective, hydrogen embrittlement (HE) poses a significant challenge. When hydrogen enters the metal, it significantly compromises its fracture toughness. This study investigates the impact of high-pressure hydrogen on the mechanical properties of API 5L X65 carbon steel through a combined experimental and computational approach. To quantify the extent of HE, tensile tests were performed on identical specimens, one set pre-exposed to high-pressure hydrogen and another set kept in an inert environment for comparison. Finite element modelling, employing the Bai-Wierzbicki material model (BWMM), was used to simulate the material behaviour under large plastic deformations and correlate with experimental results. This synergistic approach integrates experimental data with simulations, creating a framework for predicting and preventing catastrophic failures.

Tracking the Green Transition in the European Union Within the Framework of EU Cohesion Policy: Current Results and Future Paths

Green transition is one of the priority areas in the European Union (EU), and thus also the focus of EU cohesion policy implementation during the 2021–2027 programming period, through “green growth”. To establish adequate guidelines and achieve better outcomes, it is necessary to observe and evaluate current results connected with these aspects. In terms of the complexity of the green transition domains, measuring green transition is still developing. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the approaches that can be used in tracking the green transition as a result of EU cohesion policy implementation and to analyse achievements associated with the green transition. This will be done using desk research, previous studies, documents, evaluation reports and secondary data on the financing under the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIFs) in EU member states, with a special emphasis on themes such as the low-carbon economy, climate change adaptation and risk prevention, environment protection and resource efficiency, and network infrastructure in transport and energy. The paper discusses these results in the context of the current challenges faced by the EU in becoming a leader in the green transition and contributes to the evaluation of the EU cohesion policy.

Role of Calcined-Clay-Based Geopolymers for Effective Stabilization of Expansive Soils

Effective stabilization of expansive soils remains a challenge for transportation infrastructure. In line with the United Nations' sustainability goals, most research on eco-friendly stabilizers is still in its early stages, focusing primarily on laboratory evaluations. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of alkali-activated calcined clay-based geopolymers (CCBGPs) and investigate the most effective minerals contributing to its stabilization of expansive soils. Four locally available clays were used to synthesize CCBGPs, and based on unconfined compressive strength, two of them were selected for further stabilization of expansive soils. The treated soils underwent comprehensive engineering, microstructural, and mineralogical analyses. A machine learning (ML)-based regression model was developed and tested to examine the effects of CCBGP and soil mineralogy on engineering performance of the treated soils. Engineering tests on treated specimens showed improved performance with increasing CCBGP dosage and curing periods, while microstructural and mineralogical analyses revealed physical and chemical interactions with soil particles that enhanced engineering properties. The ML model identified kaolinite as the most influential factor, which enhanced geopolymerization by forming more binder gel, and improved engineering properties. Overall, the research indicated that selection of kaolinite-rich, locally available CCBGPs could serve as sustainable source for improving expansive soils in transportation infrastructure.

Spatial-temporal characteristics and influence factors of high-quality development of animal husbandry industry in China.

The animal husbandry industry stands as a pillar of the agricultural sector. According to the defining characteristics of high-quality development in animal husbandry, this paper establishes a comprehensive evaluative indicator system. This system evaluates the quality of development in the industry from 2010 to 2022, including five key dimensions: output efficiency, product safety, resource conservation, environmental friendliness, and the level of scientific and technological &management. Results indicate a positive overall trend in the high-quality development of China's animal industry throughout this period. Provinces exhibiting the highest average levels of development are, in descending order, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Yunnan, Chongqing, Gansu, Guangdong, and Guangxi. Among these five dimensions, the level of environmental friendliness and the level of scientific and technological &management are better developed, while the level of resource conservation, the level of product safety, and the level of output efficiency are poorly developed. Regional differences have demonstrated a slight narrowing trend; however, the effect of intra-regional differences on the overall differences has remained relatively stable. In contrast, the effect of inter-regional differences on overall differences has gradually reduced, while the effect of hypervariable density has steadily increased, becoming the most significant factor. High-quality development in China's animal industry exhibits a strong path dependency, with advancements typically occurring incrementally between adjacent levels and an insignificant probability of leapfrogging. The level of high-quality development in a given region is significantly influenced by the development levels observed in neighbouring regions, illustrating a phenomenon akin to the adage that One who is near vermilion is stained red, one who is near ink is stained black. Factors such as urbanisation rates, levels of scientific and technological innovation, transport infrastructure, levels of agricultural financial development, and population density all contribute positively to the high-quality development of China's animal industry. At the same time, a larger share of animal husbandry in both the overall industrial sector and the agricultural industry further contributes to this high-quality development; whereas, GDP per capita and fiscal support for agriculture do not appear to have a significant effect.

Decoding the Vertiport: Planning for Urban Air Mobility

The potential of advanced air mobility (AAM) has recently been receiving a tremendous amount of attention in both the media and within the research literature. In particular, service in urban environments, referred to as urban air mobility (UAM), has received the overwhelming majority of focus. This nascent field, centered around electric vertical takeoff and landing flying vehicles (eVTOLs), is capturing imaginations and investments at an impressive pace. Yet, guidance on the siting and development of vertiports, the interface between ground transit and UAM, is trailing the pace of the forthcoming service. Vertiports are expected to operate like bus stops, transit stations, helipads, and airports. Still, this new public transportation infrastructure has the potential to dramatically alter the urban landscape due to their space requirements, safety requirements, and pace of low-altitude flight operations. Therefore, current and long-range plans must acknowledge this potential, and planning stakeholders must utilize participatory geographic information systems (GIS) to select safe, efficient, and accessible locations for vertiports to ensure future capital investment. Because of its unique attributes and requirements, the site selection process for UAM infrastructure demands a unique perspective that varies from the planning criteria for traditional transit hubs. This article summarizes the current UAM literature and offers stakeholders an informed yet simple workflow process for urban, suburban, and exurban site suitability selection that can be implemented during preliminary community engagement and early master planning processes. An example case in which this workflow was applied is provided using the San Francisco Bay Area as recent literature has shown this area to be a prime candidate for a UAM transportation network of vertiport locations being integrated into a regional multi-modal transit system.

Determining and Quantifying Urban Sprawl Drivers: A Delphi-DANP Approach

Urban sprawl poses a significant and escalating challenge in developing countries, including Iran, leading to substantial transformations in urban areas. Despite efforts to manage urban spatial development, uncontrolled urban sprawl exerts considerable pressure on resources, infrastructure, and the environment. This study aims to identify and quantify the drivers of urban sprawl and investigate their interrelationships within Iranian metropolises. To achieve this objective, the study employs a mixed-method approach, commencing with a review of the existing literature and expert surveys based on PESTEL analysis and the Delphi method. This stage identified and categorized 40 key drivers (sub-factors) into six main categories (factors): political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal. Subsequently, the DEMATEL-based Analytic Network Process (DANP) method is utilized to explore the internal interrelationships among factors and sub-factors and to determine their relative weights, offering deeper insights into their relationships and relative importance. The findings reveal a complex interplay of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors driving urban sprawl in Iran. Key drivers include political fragmentation, economic competition, social preferences for suburban living, rural-to-urban migration, increasing housing demand, weak legal regulations, natural constraints, inadequate transportation infrastructure, and the impact of technological advancements. Based on these findings, the study recommends a holistic approach to sustainable urban development in Iran, emphasizing the need for stakeholder engagement, participatory decision making, legal reforms, and significant investments in public transportation infrastructure.

Effect of Public Transportation Accessibility on Employment Rates in Indonesia

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of public transportation accessibility on employment rates in Indonesia. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The effect of public transportation accessibility on employment rates in Indonesia has been shown to have a positive relationship. Improved access to public transportation enhances mobility, allowing individuals to access a wider range of job opportunities, particularly in urban areas. Research indicates that areas with better transportation infrastructure see increased employment rates, especially among lower-income groups who rely on public transit. Additionally, more efficient public transport systems can reduce travel time and costs, further encouraging job participation. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social exclusion theory, human capital theory & spatial mismatch theory may be used to anchor future studies on the effect of public transportation accessibility on employment rates in Indonesia. Transit-oriented development can encourage the creation of job hubs around public transportation stations, reducing the time spent commuting. Policies should prioritize investments in sustainable and accessible public transportation systems, particularly in areas with high unemployment rates or underserved communities.

Analysis of access and egress mode choice to high-speed railway stations

ABSTRACT High-speed railway (HSR) has become a key mode for short- to medium-haul transportation intercity trips in China and has been regarded as a competitor to air transportation. While significant research has explored daily travel mode choices and access/egress modes for other intercity transport hubs, the factors influencing access and egress to HSR stations – particularly those related to the built environment – remain underexamined. This paper analyses access/egress mode choices for intercity travel along the Beijing-Shanghai HSR corridor using 2015 survey data. The findings show that, during the access stage, the number of bus stations at HSR stations reduces car use, while the availability of metro stations and a mix of land uses at the origin lowers taxi preference. In the egress stage, mixed land use at the destination encourages bus use. Interestingly, the number of bus stations at HSR stations is positively associated with taxi use, possibly due to congestion caused by large passenger volumes at bus hubs. These results suggest that optimising access to HSR stations requires not only improved public transport infrastructure but also more efficient management of the transportation system.

Inequities in patterns and determinants of travel for Māori in Aotearoa/New Zealand

IntroductionIn Aotearoa New Zealand, substantial inequities exist between Māori (the Indigenous peoples) and non-Māori in a range of social outcomes. Transport-related inequities contribute to differences in life expectancy between Māori and non-Māori. Yet, no comprehensive analysis of ethnic differences in transportation mode use has been undertaken. This study aimed to describe patterns and determinants of travel among Māori and comparator group (sole European). MethodsWe analysed data for adults from the 2015/16 -2017/18 New Zealand Household Travel Survey (HTS), which measured participants’ travel patterns and transport outcomes over the course of a week. Descriptive comparisons between Māori and Sole European are reported, and stepwise regression was used to examine the influence of covariates on mode-specific distance travelled by ethnicity. Results943 Māori and 7329 Sole European participants were included in the analysis. Māori tended to travel fewer kilometres each week (223.2, 95% CI 194.5 – 251.8) compared to Sole European (246.2, 95% CI 237.4 – 255.0), although most comparisons had overlapping confidence intervals. After adjusting for all covariates, distances travelled by private motor vehicle were similar but Māori travelled significantly shorter distances on public transport and walking. The covariates that had the largest influence were age, occupation and area deprivation. ConclusionsDifferences between Māori and Sole European in distances travelled were less pronounced than expected. Explanations for this could include survey limitations and/or requirements to use a car to participate in society, despite socioeconomic disadvantage. Our findings point to the need for transport policy and infrastructure to increase opportunities for Māori to use active travel modes. There is also a critical need for higher quality data to better characterise, understand and develop responses to address these transport-related inequities.

Proximity to public transportation and incidence of depression risk among older adults: A three-year longitudinal analysis from the Japan Gerontological evaluation study.

Depression in older adults has been associated with environmental factors, such as green spaces and walkable neighborhoods; however, evidence on the relationship between proximity to public transportation and mental health is scarce. This multi-municipality longitudinal study examined the association between proximity to public transportation and risk of depression among older adults and considered car usage. We analyzed data from 4947 functionally independent adults, aged 65years and older who resided in 25 municipalities across Japan. Data were obtained via the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study in 2016 and 2019. We assessed depression over three years in older adults without depression at baseline via the Geriatric Depression Scale-15. We subjectively and objectively measured their proximity to public transportation. Logistic regression analyses were performed, adjusted for covariates, with analyses stratified by car usage. Of the participants, 9.76% developed depression over a three-year period. Those without car usage and with reported lack of proximal public transport exhibited a higher incidence of depression (OR=1.60, 95%CI: 1.05-2.42) compared with those who had better access. No significant association was observed in the car user group. Furthermore, no significant association was observed in the analysis that used objective measures with Geographic Information System (GIS) data. Subjective limited access to public transport was significantly associated with the risk of depression among older adults without car usage. Hence, improving and maintaining transportation infrastructure may mitigate the risk of depression.

Strategi Implementasi Kebijakan Pengurangan Emisi melalui Infrastruktur Sepeda di Perkotaan Indonesia di Kota Bekasi

Motorized vehicle-based transportation is one of the primary contributors to carbon emissions in urban areas of Indonesia. Bekasi City, as one of Jakarta's buffer cities, faces challenges in reducing carbon emissions due to the dominance of motorized vehicles and inadequate transportation infrastructure. This study aims to analyze the policy implementation strategies for reducing carbon emissions through the development of bicycle infrastructure, focusing on the integration of bike lanes, supporting facilities, and public transportation. The findings reveal that the adoption of bicycles in Bekasi remains low due to a lack of infrastructure support and public awareness. This study recommends strategic measures such as enhancing coordination among stakeholders, allocating adequate budgets, and conducting public awareness campaigns to promote bicycles as a primary mode of transportation. With an integrated approach, this policy is expected to support carbon emission reductions in Bekasi and other cities in Indonesia.

Time–Space Analysis of Transport Infrastructures: A Pilot Study of Shibuya-Type Crossings for Signalized Intersections in Developing Cities

Cities are growing larger, and congestion is becoming a major issue. Walking is increasingly becoming an important mode of transport in developing cities. One of the reasons for the high death toll is the lack of pedestrian facilities at transport infrastructures such as signalized intersections, where a conflict arises between vehicles turning right and pedestrians crossing at different speeds. This conflict, known as the vehicle–pedestrian conflict (in right-driving jurisdictions), occurs when the green light for vehicles is shared with the green pedestrian light. Additionally, if the intersection is congested due to high pedestrian flow, vehicles will turn right only during the yellow light, trying to find a gap in the pedestrian flow. As a result, delays increase for both pedestrians and vehicles, reducing the intersection’s capacity. To reduce the vehicle–pedestrian conflict, various pedestrian facilities can be implemented, such as Shibuya-type crossings, which include an exclusive pedestrian phase and diagonal crossing. When applying this type of solution, vehicle delays are reduced up to 81% on average, increasing the efficiency and safety of the space used at the intersection. However, pedestrian delays might increase up to 5 times, due to the need to wait for the third exclusive phase for them to cross the intersection in all directions. The method is applied in a case of study in Valparaiso, Chile, and therefore can be expanded in further research to other developing cities in Chile and specifically Latin America.

COMMUNITY RESPONSE (CRM)-BASED PRIORITY SCALE SYSTEM FOR TRANSJAKARTA ROUTE REPAIR in DKI JAKARTA PROVINCE

This research aims to develop a priority scale system (PSS-TJ) based on Quick Community Response (QCR) for effective and efficient improvements to the TransJakarta route. Using aqualitative approaches with a case study in DKI Jakarta over 6 months, this research involved in- depth interviews with key stakeholders, fields observations of infrastructure conditions, and secondary data analysis from 13 official complaints channels. The research results identified six main criteria for priorities repairs, with the highest weights being the type of crack (0.25) and the width of the crack (0.20). The Road Damage Index (RDI) mathematical model was developed for an objectives assessment of the level of road damage, with Corridor 13 having the highest Road Damage Index (RDI) score (15), indicating the most urgent repairs needs. The integration of CRM data in decision making has been proven to increase the accuracy and responsiveness of TransJakarta infrastructure management. This system has the potential to significantly improve the quality of TransJakarta services, with a projected increase in travel time efficiency of up to 15% and user satisfaction of 20%. Furthermore, this Community Response (QCR) based priority scale system (PSS-TJ) can be an innovative model for Transjakarta road improvement systems in other cities in Indonesia, enabling resources optimization and increasing public participation in urban transportation infrastructure management.

Enhancing Roadway Efficiency with GPS Based Toll System

Abstract: The traditional systems for toll collection are plagued with various problems, including traffic buildup at toll booths, long waiting time on users, and administrative costs. This research proposes a GPS-Based Toll Collection System that would help to solve these problems by using better location-based technologies for the automatic tolling of vehicles. This system consists of a combination of a GPS receiver, a microprocessor, and a battery inside the vehicle. It can track the vehicle's course in real-time and the position where the vehicle enters or exits the toll road zone is automatically detected and the toll amount calculated per distance traveled using pre-defined rates or dynamic pricing models. The user-friendly web interface allows vehicle owners to register their vehicles, maintain a digital wallet, and view transaction histories. The deducting toll is automatic without the need for any toll booth physical interaction, efficiently accelerating the toll collection process, thereby causing less traffic congestion, more throughput, and substantial operational cost reduction in staff and manual handling. Apart from better user convenience and operational benefits, the automated, highly accurate, and transparent toll collection system assures equal opportunities for all persons entering the national highways by way of toll. This paper discusses the architecture of this system, major components, critical challenges faced during its implementation, and its potential impact on the transport sector. Comparison of the proposed GPS-based system with traditional tolling methods reveals advantages such as lower maintenance costs, improved scalability, and real-time data processing. It also examines security protocols employed to ensure data privacy and fraud prevention. Lastly, the study concludes with an account of the proposed improvements and the possibility of the wide-scale deployment of the system in furtherance of smarter and more sustainable transportation infrastructure development

Temporal and spatial evolution of the combined and coordinated growth of green finance, new urbanization, and rural industry revitalization and the driving mechanisms.

An issue that requires immediate attention in China is how to coordinate the interaction between green finance, new urbanization, and rural industry revitalization. This study develops a mechanistic framework for the coupling and coordination of green finance, new urbanization, and rural industry revitalization, and employs the spatial Durbin model to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of connecting coordination degree and driving mechanism. The results indicate that (1) green finance development is lagging in the comprehensive development of China's three systems. (2) The dynamic evolution features of the degree of linkage coordination between China's green finance, new urbanization, and rural industry revitalization show a potential polarization phenomenon. (3) Improving economic development and government administration has a facilitating effect on neighboring areas, whereas improving the level of rural transport infrastructure has a hindering effect. (4) While optimizing the agricultural industry's structure and raising the level of government administration in the central region impedes coupled and coordinated development, increasing the economic development in the eastern and western regions promotes it. Therefore, building green credit and investment should be accelerated; potential polarization between inter-provincial regions should be identified timely; and key factors affecting the development of coupled coordination should be a focus. In view of the characteristics of spatial heterogeneity, measures such as formulating coupled and coordinated development strategies for each region in accordance with local conditions will promote coupled and coordinated development.

Co-designing an inclusive bus stop for a tourist transportation hub

ABSTRACT This study explores the integration of sustainable mobility and universal design principles in creating accessible public transportation infrastructure. The research focuses on the co-design of a bus stop at Faro International Airport, engaging diverse stakeholders, including older tourists and adults with disabilities, through surveys, group reflections, walk-throughs, and workshops. The methodology incorporated multiple methods, such as, inquiries, observations and interviews, and digital prototyping to gather comprehensive insights into the specific needs of the participants. By addressing societal vulnerabilities and promoting social sustainability, the co-design process fostered innovation, resulting in a bus stop design that is functional, inclusive, and adaptable. The study underscores the role of sustainable mobility in enhancing equitable urban transportation systems and demonstrates how inclusive design principles contribute to achieving the broader goals of environmental, social, and economic sustainability. The design incorporates accessibility features, such as tactile paving, raised platforms, intuitive seating, and smart technology, tailored to the diverse needs of users. Special emphasis was placed on minimising barriers for individuals with mobility, visual, or hearing impairments while addressing the practical requirements of older adults. The inclusive bus stop serves as a model for future initiatives, highlighting the importance of active community engagement in designing transportation infrastructure that supports diverse societal needs.