Infrastructure Of Region Research Articles

Methodological approach to assessing the digital infrastructure of the northern regions of the Russian Federation

The northern territories of Russia need high-quality strategic digital changes in the structure of the regional economy. Digitalization and the introduction of digital technologies in the medium term will be able to transform economic relations in the old industrial and raw materials regions of the North, improve the quality of life of local communities. The growth of digital inequality among the regions under study leads to disproportions in their socio-economic development. The purpose of this study is to develop and test a methodology for assessing the level of development of the digital infrastructure of the Russian northern regions, including classification of an indicators system for each level of digital infrastructure, calculation of an integral index and typology of the territories under study. The objects of the study were 13 northern regions of the Russian Federation, the entire territory of which is classified as regions of the Extreme North and equivalent areas. The methodology made it possible to determine the level of technical, technological and personnel readiness of the northern regions for digitalization, to identify regions with the best solutions at each level of digital infrastructure development. The analysis of the results in dynamics helped to assess the effectiveness of regional policy for managing digitalization processes. As a result, the authors came to the conclusion that increasing the competitiveness of northern regions in the era of rapid digitalization is possible through investments in human capital and the creation of a network of scientific and technological clusters. The presented approach to assessing the development of individual levels and elements of digital infrastructure will allow for the diagnosis of priority needs of territories under study in the field of digitalization. The results of the study can form the basis for regional policy in the field of sustainable digital development of Russia.

Cluster analysis of travel behaviour threats in chosen European functional urban areas during the economic crisis

Motives: Urban mobility models are constantly changing due to economic, social, infrastructural, and geographical factors. Preferences for transport modes vary by country, region, and city, and transport infrastructure and policy have a significant impact on residents’ choices. Additionally, economic factors such as economic crises, public policy decisions, and events such as armed conflicts have a significant impact on the dynamics of mobility in functional urban areas (FUAs).Aim: The main goal of the research was to create groups of countries (clusters) that have similar priorities regarding travel behaviour threats revealed as a result of the economic crisis resulting from the conflict in Ukraine.Results: The study shows that the main threats during the economic crisis (resulting from the war in Ukraine) are economic factors (e.g., ticket prices, an increase in fuel costs), legal factors (e.g., loss of a driving license or passenger transport license), and infrastructural factors (e.g., poor condition of infrastructure). The analysed countries were grouped based on the hierarchical prioritization of threats, using Ward’s hierarchical clustering method. Interestingly, the distance from the conflict epicentre did not significantly influence the prioritization of threat factors influencing transportation behaviour in FUAs. Instead, factors such as membership in international organizations, energy dependence on Russia, the level of economic growth, and transport infrastructure played a more key role in the priority-setting process.

Analysis of Girder Deflection in a Simulated Bridge Using SAP 2000: Study Case of Nongsa Pura Bridge

Within structural engineering, bridges demonstrate how the practical import of scientific hypotheses becomes clear to humanity. Engineers use computer simulations and models to anticipate how the bridge will react under various stresses and what its response is likely given all sorts of environments over its life span. The construction of the Nongsa Pura Bridge in Batam, which showcases cutting-edge civil engineering accomplishments customized to local requirements, represents a critical turning point in the region's infrastructure improvement. This paper aims to analyze the deflection of a Nongsa Pura Planning Simulation using SAP2000 software. This research uses secondary data and the author's assumptions as necessary data to design a bridge. The results of this research are deflection values for the main girder, transverse girder, and longitudinal girder. In the main girder, the most considerable deflection value is 0,0778724 m. In contrast, in the transverse girder, the most considerable deflection value is 0,034118 m, and the longitudinal beam has the most considerable deflection value of 0,077809 m.

Circular economy of the agricultural sector: Strategies and challenges in the context of globalisation

The study aimed to validate the necessity of formulating and executing plans for incorporating the concepts of the circular economy into Ukraine's agriculture sector, while considering the impacts of globalisation and problems arising from the war. This study examined the fundamental principles and intellectual underpinnings that differentiate the circular economy from the conventional economic model. The undamental concept of the circular economy in the agricultural sector was justified, and the primary benefits of implementing this economic model in the field of agriculture were established. The European Commission has approved the strategy for the Common Agricultural Policy for the period 2023-2027. This strategy emphasises the primary responsibilities that EU member states must undertake to implement the principles of the circular economy in agriculture. The primary patterns in the operation of agriculture in Ukraine are recognised, and the significance of the agricultural sector in the framework of gross domestic product (GDP) formation and foreign exchange profits is established. The destruction of infrastructure, mining activities, and occupation of regions resulted in a decline in the cultivated land and animals, leading to a loss in physical productivity. Due to the war, there has been a decline in production and logistics capabilities, resulting in a large fall in the export of agricultural products. Consequently, the profitability of firms in this sector of the Ukrainian economy has also decreased. Ukrainian agricultural firms lack the financial resources to independently support creative development, which includes the implementation of new technology solutions that form the foundation of the circular economy. Considering the effects of globalisation and military conflict, it is justified that prioritising innovation and investment support, particularly by the State, should be a strategic direction for implementing the principles of the circular economy of agriculture in Ukraine. This approach will enhance economic efficiency and create new opportunities

TRUCK EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS AND FEATURES OF ITS USE IN THE CONDITIONS OF AUTOMATION OF PORT TERMINALS

The modern trends in the development of cargo equipment in ports are considered in the article. Modern ports are an important link in global supply chains, and the efficiency of their work directly affects the cost of goods and related services provided during cargo transshipment, storage, and passage through port terminals. Cargo equipment used at various stages of cargo transshipment plays an important role in optimizing port operations.Using universal equipment significantly increases the productivity of the port, reduces the downtime of ships and other types of transport, and allows efficient use of warehouse space and available personnel. The main problem that ports face when choosing equipment is its cost and payback period, which directly affect the efficiency of the port and its competitiveness.Throughout historical development, ports have had both a negative and a positive impact on the regions and communities in which they are located. On the one hand, they contribute to the development of the region, its transport and logistics infrastructure, can stimulate economic productivity and growth, and on the other hand, their activity requires energy, creates negative external effects, worsens the ecological situation in the region.The issue of the development of cargo equipment and the efficiency of its use is relevant and requires further research in connection with the emergence of new trends related to the automation and robotization of these processes, the introduction of elements of artificial intelligence, which significantly increase the problem of ensuring cyber security of the port.Automation of the port industry contributes to the transformation of traditional ports into smart global transport complexes. The effectiveness of their activities is determined primarily by the use of advanced technologies and practices, and the results affect not only the cost of port services, but also the reduction of costs and the improvement of the quality of the entire transport and delivery chain.Like any innovative process, automation has its advantages and disadvantages, which were noted in the work. There are also significant barriers to automation, especially for the modernization of existing ports.Environmental standards and innovative cargo delivery technologies, increasing requirements for the quality of transshipment services and the need to reduce costs in order to maintain competitiveness will force traditional ports to switch to automation of transshipment equipment in order to increase its efficiency.

Geospatial Assessment of Population and Urban Growth Using Exponential Growth Model: A case study of Ibeju-Lekki Local Government Area, Lagos State.

The rapid population growth in Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos State, Nigeria, has caused many challenges such as infrastructure pressure, environmental degradation and social unrest. To investigate the relationship between population growth and urban expansion in Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos state from 1991 to 2022, a geospatial assessment was conducted. According to the study, the population of Ibeju-Lekki experienced an average annual growth rate of 4.5% from 1991 to 2022. This growth can be attributed in large part to migration from rural areas and natural population increase. Interestingly, the study also revealed that the population growth rate was higher in urban areas than in rural ones. Additionally, the research found that the urban expansion in Ibeju-Lekki was swift, with the built-up area increasing by an average of 10% annually. Overall, these findings suggest that the government should adopt measures aimed at managing population growth and promoting sustainable development such as investing in infrastructure, improving environmental management and promoting social inclusion to mitigate the negative impacts of population growth in Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos state. These measures can help alleviate the strain on the region's resources and infrastructure caused by rapid population growth and urbanization.

Efficiency of Digital Communication Technologies for Integrating the LPR and DPR Residents into the Sociocultural Expanse of Russia

This paper evaluates the use of digital communications and discusses the integration of residents from the Lugansk and Donetsk People’s Republics (LPR, DPR) into modern Russia’s sociocultural expanse. The study uses cyber-metric analysis, as well as the method of constructing and analyzing social graphs. The research concludes that strategies for using digital communications in new regions are heterogeneous. Also, the authors highlight two issues. First, there is a low representation of political parties, public associations, and projects in the regional digital communications system. Second, the digital infrastructure of new regions is currently being set up.

Innovative activity and transformational processes in development of public libraries in Ukraine under the influence of world trends of digital society and current realities

The purpose of the study is to highlight the peculiarities of innovative changes in the activities of contemporary public libraries in Ukraine, related to the digitalisation of society, and to identify the main trends of their development considering domestic realities such as full-scale military actions, information, and cyber warfare, reforms in the provision of cultural services. The research methodology involves the application of general scientific and special methods, namely, methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalisation, as well as the method of documentary and content analysis, which allows for achieving the stated goal. The scientific novelty of the work. The study identifies the main trends in the development of public libraries in the digital age, specifically in the context of domestic realities, and substantiates the peculiarities of innovative changes in public libraries in Ukraine, both during the state of war and as trends of post-war revival and modernisation. Public libraries in this context are considered socio-cultural institutions that contribute to community and individual development, providing informational, educational, and cultural-artistic services. Conclusions. Despite active combat actions, missile threats, and the destruction of library premises as well as critical infrastructure of regions directly affecting the activities of all institutions and the livelihoods of citizens, public libraries in Ukraine continue to operate with a focus on global trends, particularly by utilising the opportunities of information and communication technologies, creating internet resources, and implementing digital services. Analysis of the websites of regional universal scientific libraries has allowed determine the level of digitalisation development of leading public libraries in Ukraine and the direction of their further development

Trends in the development of social entrepreneurship in tourism

This article outlines the role of social entrepreneurship in the development of territories and maintaining the social infrastructure of regions and the country as a whole. The essence of social entrepreneurship in the field of tourism as a social institution is considered, within the framework of which various areas of support for people with disabilities, low-income and vulnerable segments of the population are implemented. The author has identified the main directions of development of social entrepreneurship in the field of tourism, based on general trends in the development of the field of social entrepreneurship in general and tourism in particular.

АНАЛИЗ И УРОВЕНЬ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЙ ОРЕНБУРГСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

In the new realities, one of the key factors in the development of regions is an effectively functioning infrastructure, which is an element of their life support and ultimately determines the quality of life of the population. Transport is the most important element of the region's infrastructure, therefore, the formation of transport infrastructure is a key area for improving the efficiency of public production. It contributes to the development of the regions by providing high-quality transport services in order to ensure the connectivity of the economic space. In this article, the analysis and the level of transport infrastructure were carried out in two stages. To study the level of transport infrastructure of the Orenburg region, at the first stage, the classification of municipalities of the Orenburg region according to selected indicators was implemented. As a result of the cluster analysis, 4 groups (classes) of municipalities of the Orenburg region were identified, similar in terms of the level of development of transport infrastructure in the region. At the second stage of the study of the level of development of the transport infrastructure of the region, an integral indicator of the level of transport infrastructure was built using expert information presented in the form of a matrix of paired comparisons of objects. As a result, the municipalities of the Orenburg region were ranked from the best to the worst in terms of an integral indicator of the level of development of transport infrastructure in the Orenburg region constructed by the expert statistical method. A relatively higher level of transport infrastructure is observed in municipalities: Orenburg, Adamovsky municipal district, Kuvandyk, Orenburg municipal district. Buzuluk, Mednogorsk, Buguruslan, BUT the village of Komarovsky were among the five municipalities characterized by a relatively low level of transport infrastructure in the region.

Electromobility in the World and in Slovakia

This article deals with the fundamental characteristics of electromobility, which represents an important trend nowadays with an emphasis on ecology and the emissions reduction. Electromobility is present in all forms of transport, but the most discussed is its utilization in road transport, which produces the highest amount of carbon emissions compared to other modes of transport. A key aspect of the implementation of electromobility is building charging stations within the region's infrastructure. Electromobility brings several innovative solutions that represent a challenge for business entities. This article also contains specific examples, a brief description of the situation in the field of electromobility in Slovakia, as well as a description of the concept of electromobility based on the information obtained, and an analysis of secondary data sources related to the topic researched.

An integrated approach of machine learning and remote sensing for evaluating landslide hazards and risk hotspots, NW Himalaya

Landslides have become more frequent in the last decade in the NW Himalayan region, threatening people and damaging infrastructure. The study presented here aims to identify landslide hazards and risk hotspots in the NW Himalaya. The area is strategically important due the many holy pilgrimage sites and major hydropower projects. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) was used to generate the landslide susceptibility map, which was combined with the rainfall intensity map to create the hazard map. To determine the spatial landslide vulnerability, land use and land cover components were taken into account with their respective monetary values. The landslide risk map is the combination of landslide hazard and vulnerability maps, showing that ∼5% of the area falls in high and very high-risk zones, ∼6% in moderate, ∼47% in low, and ∼42% in very low landslide risk zones. High to very high landslide risk zones are mainly confined to Uttarkashi and its surroundings in the southwestern part of the study area, as well as the Tehri, Karanprayag, and Pithoragarh regions in the southern area. Societal risk was also analyzed and revealed that ∼53% of the human population resides in high to very high landslide risk-prone areas. The findings of this study will be beneficial for promoting sustainable development and safe urbanization in the Himalayan region, if used for planning.

TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE ARAGATSOTN REGION AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT

The article presents an analysis of the tourist infrastructure of the Aragatsotn region, prospects for the development of the service and the tourist complex. A comparative analysis of tourist flows in other regions of the Republic of Armenia is carried out. The article also presents the possibilities, using which the Aragatsotn region can become one of the leading tourist regions of Armenia. Currently, there are quite high rates of tourism and recreation development throughout the region and especially in the Ashtarak area. Based on this, we have conducted certain studies in the field of tourist infrastructures of both the city of Ashtarak and the region, since this is an important precondition for the development of tourism. Our research aim to identify the features of two important factors in the Aragatsotn region. The first of them is a quantitative characteristic of the flow of tourists, and the second is the level of development of tourist infrastructure. Another important area of research was the analysis of the days spent by tourists. 32 Based on the work done within the framework of this article, it can be stated that the Aragatsotn region has all the conditions for the development of tourism.

Infrastructure planning emergency levels of service for the Wellington region, Aotearoa New Zealand – An operationalised framework

‘Planning Emergency Levels of Service’ (PELOS) are goals for the delivery of infrastructure services following a major hazard event, such as an earthquake or flood. This paper presents an operationalised PELOS framework for the Wellington region based on interviews with emergency and critical infrastructure managers and discusses important changes from the preliminary to the operationalised framework. A shared understanding of these PELOS will help Wellington region infrastructure providers, emergency management professionals and the potentially impacted communities plan for major events. PELOS for the energy, telecommunications, transport, and water sectors have been developed, and high-level interdependencies considered. The PELOS framework can be updated for other regions, by the critical infrastructure entities and emergency managers, using locally relevant hazard scenarios. In turn, this approach can inform the end-users (communities) of the goals of the critical infrastructure providers following a major hazard event.

Greening and agroecological assessment of the agricultural sector of the Karabakh region

State of the problem. During the occupation by Armenia of the Karabakh economic district of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the military degradation of agricultural lands and their use in agriculture and animal husbandry without observing agroecological rules led to the deterioration of soil fertility and the reduction of the optimality of agrarian landscapes. Object learning. The article presents modern ideas for re-doing the agroecological assessment of the lands and solving the actual agroecological problems of their use in agriculture for greening the development of the agricultural area in the Karabakh economic region. In the economic region, the main approach is given to methodological issues of agro-ecological assessment of soil quality, greening of efficient use of agricultural land, agro-ecological analysis of anthropogenic dynamics of soils, regional integration of assessment of agro-ecological quality of soils. In the design of agroecosystems in the Karabakh economic region, the agroecological approach of the differentiation of the area according to the soil-climate factors, the evaluation of the soil taking into account the geomorphological and climatic factors is given. At the same time, the importance of cadastral assessment and accounting of the modern ecological condition of the region's land resources, as well as the issues of their effective use and protection are explained. In the article, in order to ensure the development of the agrarian sector in the region, the importance of the complex agro-ecological re-evaluation of land resources, ways to eliminate the main indicators of land degradation and ecological requirements for the cultivation of plants, determination of territorial units characterized by variability of natural and climatic conditions, agro-production grouping of elementary areas of agro-landscapes and according to the agro-ecological assessment of the area, the ways of organizing the efficient use of land were investigated. Methodology. Generalization, historical, statistical, systematic analysis, and comparison methods were used to prepare the article. Research results. Environmental and economic stability may become more challenging in the future due to increasing anthropogenic pressure on agroecosystems in the economic region and poor infrastructure. Due to intensive land use, frequent erosion, river floods, and environmental pollution in the region can lead to a decline in the quality of agricultural land. Also, anthropogenic activities in the region can have a negative impact on the state and development of agroecosystems and the sustainable development of agriculture in the region, to optimize which it is considered necessary to improve and update the methods and technologies used in agriculture. The scientific novelty of the research. It is necessary to apply agroecological concepts and principles in the redesign, development, and management of sustainable agricultural systems in the economic region. The development of agroecosystems in the region should be ensured by alternative agricultural methodologies and approaches that combine the socio-economic and historical context of agriculture. The production of organic agricultural products, which do not harm human health and the natural environment, should be carried out, and the ecological condition of the soil should also be monitored regularly.

Управление природно-социально-производственными системами на основе концепции интернета вещей: геопортальный подход

The authors describe the research in development of problem-oriented geoportal systems based on the concept of the Internet of things which enable solving the tasks of managing natural-social-production systems. The main purpose of the implemented automation solutions is to provide the decision maker with a tool for monitoring and remote control of IoT agents operating within the territorial framework. The solution to the problem of visualization and dissemination of spatial data on regional metageosystems can be achieved through the introduction and effective use of geoportal ones developed on the basis of web technologies and providing access to the spatial data infrastructure of organizations and regions through interactive digital maps. We propose the developed structure of a metageosystem management scheme based on the technology of the Internet of things and geoportal systems, based on the use of the LoRaWAN long-range wireless communication standard. The basis of such a network is represented by IoT devices consolidated around the head ones (gateways) and developed on the basis of a modular principle to achieve high rates of modifiability and extensibility. Gathering telemetric indicators and transferring control commands within the LoRaWAN network are carried out without involvement of third-party communication providers, which greatly reduces the expense of operating economic management systems, bringing the cost of data exchange to the lowest possible rate. It is proved that in the case of the use of geoinformation web systems in conjunction with the technology of the Internet of things, geoportals would play the role of dispatching centers along with their classic function of interactive visualization of spatial data

Climate-driven 21st century Caspian Sea level decline estimated from CMIP6 projections

Future Caspian Sea level change is estimated for the 21st century using 15 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 climate models and three shared socioeconomic pathways. Projected evaporation increase is significantly larger than precipitation increase integrated over the Caspian Sea catchment basin, resulting in an increasingly negative water balance over the 21st century. A best-fit model analysis that resolves important model limitations related to spatial resolution, climate sensitivity, and Caspian Sea surface area suggests climate-driven sea level reductions of about 8 (inter-model range from 2 to 15) m and 14 (inter-model range from 11 to 21) m by the end of this century for the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, respectively. A sea level decline of these magnitudes will result in complete desiccation of the northern Caspian basin and will have adverse effects on ecosystems, coastal infrastructure, navigation, biodiversity, and economies of the entire Caspian region.

What makes German manufacturing plants move locations?

In this paper, the relocation decisions of manufacturing plants across the NUTS-3 regions of the German economy are investigated. A relocation decision concerns whether a plant (an incumbent) moves its location from one region to another over a given time period or whether it remains in the same region. This decision is distinct from a location decision (of a start-up). To analyze the relocations of plants, the rich information of the official German regional statistics as well as the official German firm statistics that are maintained by the German Federal Statistical Office and the Statistical Offices of the Federal States is exploited for the first time. Both pull and push factors that influence relocation decisions are investigated. The results reveal that, in particular, regional road infrastructure and accessibility of regions as well as the quality of the available labor force positively affect the decision to relocate a plant in the German economy. A reduction of 10% in travel time by road to reach the three nearest agglomeration centers leads to an increase in relocation probability of about 9.5% on average. Policy implications involve the need for improvement of accessibility and infrastructure as well as incentives to support human capital in order to attract businesses to move to a region.

A large‐scale decision‐making model for the expediency of funding the development of tourism infrastructure in regions

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to develop a hybrid decision‐making support model regarding the feasibility of financing the development of tourism infrastructure of regions for V4 countries, based on the predicted assessment of the level of tourist movement in relation to the infrastructure and accessibility of the studied regions, expert opinions regarding the level of quality of tourist services and tourism development, as well as opinions of experts regarding the prospects of rapid growth of tourist movement in the region. For the first time, a hybrid fuzzy model for assessing the level of tourism quality in the region was developed, using the opinions of experts regarding the level of quality of tourist services and tourism development. For the first time, a five‐layer neuro‐fuzzy model was developed to derive a quantitative and linguistic assessment of the level of feasibility of financing the development of tourist infrastructure based on the experience, knowledge, and competences of experts regarding the prospects of rapid growth of tourist movement in the studied region. The research results were tested, and the developed model was verified on real data for 43 regions of the V4 countries.

Economic Impact of Wheat Sowing Through Zero Tillage Technique against Broadcasting under Hot Sub-humid (Moist) Eco-Region Uttar Pradesh, India

Aims: The production of cost of wheat is higher in farmers practice than the zero tillage sown of wheat due to non-adoption of recommended resource conservation technology, high-yielding varieties and advanced technologies by the farming community in the eastern plains of Uttar Pradesh. To replace this anomalous, we conducted 204 front-line demonstrations (FLDs) at farmers' fields in various adopted villages by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Deoria.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Malhana, Deoria, under the Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, UP. A total of 90, 12 and 50 FLDs were conducted under raised bed sowing with three varieties of pigeon pea ( Narendra Arhar 1, Pusa Bahar and Narendra Arhar 2) from 2014-15 to 2018-19 respectively.
 Methodology: Prior findings were examined to identify any gaps and to enlist everyone's assistance in disseminating such a technology of global relevance. In the eight years from 2011–12 to 2018–19, a total of 204 FLDs were carried out at the 230 farmer’s fields in the 32 villages where wheat was sown by zero tillage
 Result: Rice-wheat cropping systems are the most often used agricultural method in Uttar Pradesh, India's hot, sub-humid (wet) eco-region. It provides farmers and agricultural labourers with a source of subsistence and revenue and is a crucial aspect of the region's infrastructure for food safety. In order to attain sustainable yield, it is always thought necessary to employ other alternatives of conserving essential inputs by adopting resources conservative techniques (RCT), such as zero tillage and broad bed furrow (BBF). According to the economic analysis of the data presented in the current study, zero tillage wheat farming is the most cost-effective and appealing alternative for the agricultural community of eastern Uttar Pradesh. When compared to the broadcasting method, the zero tillage technique yielded a higher return and a lower cost of cultivation per acre. Finally, the use of this strategy raises farmers' net returns, improves their social standing, living conditions, livelihood, and ultimately reduces poverty in the farming community.
 Conclusions: The new approach lowers production costs while producing equivalent wheat yields to other methods, which leads to higher net returns. Farmers in the area have begun to appreciate the technology's reduced tillage costs. Rice-wheat is the prevalent farming system practiced by the majority of farmers in the region. In the future, the prospect of extending the method to sow wheat after other crops should be investigated.