Industrial Infrastructure Research Articles

ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В КОНТЕКСТІ ПОВОЄННОГО СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ

The tax system of Ukraine has gone through a rather long path of transformation and improvement, but even today it has a number of shortcomings that do not allow it to fulfill one of its main tasks - to contribute to the solution of the primary needs of the state economy. A full-scale military invasion, the occupation of part of the territories, and unprecedented levels of destruction of civil and industrial infrastructure require the search for ways to actively stimulate postwar development. And it is the tax system in this context that can act as one of the key factors of economic recovery, which actualizes the need to study the spectrum of its modern problems and find possible ways to solve them. Purpose. Analytical substantiation of the problems of the current system of taxation of enterprises in Ukraine and possible ways of its optimization in the context of the post-war stimulation of economic development. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was made up of general scientific and special methods of economic theory, in particular, methods of theoretical generalization and comparative analysis with the aim of a comprehensive consideration of the issue under study. In the course of the study, statistical materials of the European Union and the State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine on the issues of taxation of enterprises and were used and processed by methods of statistical analysis: comparison, grouping, calculation of shares. Results. The level of tax burden of enterprises in Ukraine was calculated and compared with similar indicators of the EU countries. The key problems of the current system of taxation of enterprises in Ukraine in terms of value added tax and income tax are analytically substantiated. Alternative options for taxation for the post-war period are proposed with justification of the expected effects for the country’s economy as a whole.

State-level Location Determinants of Japanese Automotive FDI in Mexico

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) location theories highlight the regional factors that influence the location and spatial distribution of the investment project. The study employs a state-level spatial panel econometric model to empirically contrast the main location factors that influence the spatial distribution of Japanese companies. The main results indicate that state characteristics related to the presence of infrastructure, lower wages, agglomeration, and development of the automotive industry influence the presence of Japanese automotive firms in Mexico. The results also highlight the presence of negative spatial externalities for the wages, population, industry agglomeration, and education variables. This shows that neighboring states compete for the arrival of Japanese automotive firms and spatial effects are present. Positive spatial externalities were observed from the market size variable, which can reflect the presence of production networks in the automotive industry, especially for the case of Japanese firms.

Critical maritime infrastructure protection: What’s the trouble?

The protection of critical maritime infrastructures has become a top political priority, since the September 2022 attacks on the Nord Stream pipelines in the Baltic Sea. This contribution reveals why the protection of infrastructures at sea is a difficult task. Reviewing the spectrum of maritime infrastructures (transport, energy, data, fishing, ecosystems) and the potential threats to them (accidents, terrorism, blue crime, grey zone tactics) demonstrates that designating infrastructures as critical and worthy of special protection measures is a political choice. The analysis moreover shows the need of protective instruments that are tailored to the specificities of maritime space, and the need for integrating diverse policy fields, including defense, diplomacy, marine safety, maritime security and cyber security. Cooperation with the infrastructure industry, enhanced surveillance and investments in repair capacities are also required.

Preliminary evaluation methodology for payback infrastructure projects in private-public partnership

The authors of the article present the results of scientific and practical research on the development of methods of primary assessment of the efficiency of payback infrastructure projects public-private partnerships achieved through the monitoring and analysis of the state company’s investment activities and project portfolio management. The purpose of this study is to develop methodology for preliminary evaluation of payback infrastructure projects, that is able to be used to evaluate efficiency of capital investment at the stage of initial project appraisal and planning and to range perspective projects in accordance with their efficiency. The subject of the article: efficiency of payback investment projects in the infrastructure industry. The relevance of the study is determined by absence of a generally accepted methodology for initial evaluation of investment projects, that allows for into consideration the legal and economic specifics of federal projects approval and implementation in the regions of Russia. The methodology formed on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach implemented in the course of approval and evaluation practice of investment projects appraisal within the framework of the activities of a state-owned company. The instrumentation reviewed in this paper is based on data from financial modeling of infrastructure projects, with preliminary geographical modeling of traffic flow intensity. It includes the following modified indicators based on discounted cash flows: consolidated coverage ratio, ratio of operating income to capital investment, share of extrabudgetary funding in the life cycle of a project, internal rate of return. These indicators are unified into a single integral indicator, which allows to rank and manage future projects in a company’s portfolio. The applicability of the proposed methodology has been verified by the results of implementation of the public-private partnership projects. Based on the results of the study a financial model for initial assessment of project efficiency has been prepared, which can be used as the initial stage of project justification.

Industrial and infrastructural conditions for production and export of green hydrogen and synthetic fuels in the MENA region: insights from Jordan, Morocco, and Oman

AbstractGreen hydrogen and synthetic fuels are increasingly recognized as a key strategic element for the progress of the global energy transition. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with its large wind and solar potential, is well positioned to generate renewable energy at low cost for the production of green hydrogen and synthetic fuels, and is therefore considered as a potential future producer and exporter. Yet, while solar and wind energy potentials are essential, other factors are expected to play an equally important role for the development of green hydrogen and synthetic fuels (export) sectors. This includes, in particular, adequate industrial capacities and infrastructures. These preconditions vary from country to country, and while they have been often mentioned in the discussion on green hydrogen exports, they have only been examined to a limited extent. This paper employs a case study approach to assess the existing infrastructural and industrial conditions in Jordan, Morocco, and Oman for the development of a green hydrogen and downstream synthetic fuel (export) sector.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT: THE ANALYSIS OF THE CHALLENGES CAUSED BY MARTIAL LAW

With the beginning of full-scale Russian aggression, social relations in our country underwent significant changes. This was caused by the destruction of social and industrial infrastructure, critical infrastructure facilities, and the established everyday life of the citizens. The Ukrainian state and its citizens faced unprecedented challenges. However, the unshakable desire of Ukrainians to withstand everything requires the state power as a tool for regulating societal relations, prompt decision-making and finding ways to overcome these challenges. Ukrainians had to respond to the threats and challenges caused by the war in various fields, including within the competence of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, in particular, in the area of environmental impact assessment.
 Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a mechanism for ensuring eco-safety, which aims to prevent the establishment of environmentally hazardous economic objects by analyzing the project documentation of the planned activity. The EIA procedure involves a certain level of phasing, which is ensured by the use of the Unified Register of Environmental Impact Assessment automated information system. This system, in turn, enables the interaction of concerned members of the public, state authorities and business entities in a digital format. With the military operations and the intentional destruction of Ukrainian energy infrastructure objects by the aggressor, the execution of EIA proved to be an extremely difficult task. The complexity of carrying out the EIA is also caused by the need to act within the limits of the Ukrainian law on Environmental Impact Assessment. Therefore, it is relevant to analyze the steps taken by the relevant ministry to comply with the legislation, the principles of the implementation of the EIA, and the realization of the citizens' right to access information about the natural environment.
 The environmental impact assessment procedure stipulated by Ukrainian law on environmental impact assessment is a tool that allows the public, state authorities, local government bodies and business entities to jointly make decisions that would meet the conceptual principles of sustainable development by preventing the implementation of ecologically unacceptable and environmentally harmful projects. The practical significance of the environmental impact assessment is determined by the full consideration of the consequences for the environment and human well-being from the planned activity and the development of measures aimed at preventing and eliminating a significant negative impact on the environment. Moreover, the Russian military actions are accompanied by numerous environmental crimes and environmental losses, caused by the destruction of landscapes, air pollution, soil degradation, and pollution of water bodies. Therefore, even under the conditions of martial law, the execution of an EIA should take place properly, taking into account the need to secure data that appears during the procedure and compliance with the basic principles of publicity, transparency and state regulation. All three of these principles, since the beginning of the full-scale aggression, were partially violated for objective reasons. Despite this, the real work of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources, whose experts have established the operation of the Unified Register for Environmental Impact Assessment automated information system, which made the implementation of the Environmental Impact Assessment possible, remains worthy of recognition. It remains fundamentally important for citizens to exercise their right to access environmental information when making decisions regarding the implementation of planned activities, which was not possible for several months after the beginning of the war. It was possible to partially overcome this problem by opening the Unified Register for Environmental Impact Assessment. The proposed research results specify the aspects of environmental impact assessment under martial law conditions, which is especially relevant for specialists, business entities, and concerned members of the public, considering the environmental threats provoked by military actions.
 Key words: environmental impact assessment, planned activity, subject of management, public discussion, martial law.

Novel manufacturing of intelligent hierarchical molybdenum-polydopamine hollow nanocarriers for smart coating

Novel hierarchical molybdenum-polydopamine nanocarriers (SMPDA) for hosting the inhibitors in the redesigned molybdenum-polydopamine-Zn2+ (SMPDA@Zn) form were utilized in the epoxy-based (EP) coating formulation to reinforce the barrier / self-healing functions. In the present study advanced FTIR, Raman, XRD, FESEM-EDS, MAP, TEM, BET, ICP-OES, EIS, PDP, OCP, salt spray, cathodic delamination, and pull-off appraisals techniques were employed to assess the influence of hierarchical nanocarriers in the solution and active / passive properties of epoxy coatings. The conspicuous impermeable hybrid films composed of Fe2+/3+-MoO42−, Fe2+/3+-polydopamine, Fe2+/3+-MoO42−-polydopamine and ZnO / Zn(OH)2 on active sites of mild steel in a saline solution comprising the SMPDA@Zn and SMPDA extract would supply %80 and %57 inhibition efficiency, respectively. Active corrosion protection in reference to Rtotal (Rct + Rf) 44463.1, 41879.3, and 9176.3 KΩ cm2 after 72 h immersion for composite and conventional EP coatings by plugging the polymeric film pores as well as healing the defects, intentionally created on the surface were enhanced interestingly up to 4.8 and 4.5 times. The superiority of the incorporated coatings was also obvious in the pull-off and cathodic disbanding tests so a delamination area reduction of %73 was recorded in the presence of the hierarchical nanocarriers. The present study illuminated new horizons in materials science and engineering on the potential usage of durable self-healing primer epoxy-based EPSZ and EPSM coatings in assorted industries like oil and gas pipelines, marine, and offshore infrastructure industries, refineries, petrochemical plants, non-renewable power plants, sheet metal working of shipbuilding, and subsea equipment.

Logistics of Smart Port in Ukraine: Problems and Prospects in the Conditions of Sustainable Development

Every day, the global logistics industry faces new challenges – both due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and due to economic instability in global markets. The pandemic and the disruption of traditional supply chains are forcing companies to change their production geography. Accelerated digitization of people's and companies' livelihoods is contributing to the transformation of classical logistics, and in the end, those players who create an environment of additional services for delivery support, thereby forming resilience to risks, are winning. In this regard, there is a need to develop theoretical and applied aspects of the transition of port logistics to sustainable development through the introduction of smart port technologies that contribute to the achievement of a number of sustainable development goals, such as: 1: no poverty, 2: zero hunger, 3: good health and well-being, 8: decent work and economic growth, 9: industry innovation and infrastructure, 11: sustainable cities and communities, 12: responsible consumption and production, 13: climate action, 14: life below water, 17: partnerships for sustainable development. The theoretical basis of the research was scientific works of scholars from different countries and periods in the field of logistics, sustainable development, individual provisions of international framework documents, including the UN Conference on Environment and Development's Agenda for the 21st Century, the Declaration on Environmental Protection, and the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development. Official data from the ports of Gdansk, Rotterdam, and Hamburg, the International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH), the World Ports Climate Initiative (WPCI), the World Bank, and the Administration of Seaports of Ukraine (USPA) were used as initial information for analysis and concluding. As a result of summarizing the theoretical and methodological foundations of logistics, the article proposes the Conceptual Model of the Subject Area 'Smart Port', the quintessence of which lies in the symbiosis of the paradigms of scientific and technical development and sustainable development. This made it possible to expand the existing scientific basis of the transport logistics and transport systems sphere. The prerequisites for the emergence of the smart port are analyzed. The leading container ports of different generations are grouped. Special focus is on Ukraine, one of the largest grain exporters in the World. The prospects for the transition of Ukrainian ports to the fourth category (generation) of development are outlined. To successfully implement the strategy for the development of Ukrainian seaports for the period up to 2038, an optimization management model for logistics processes was developed based on the concept of a gaming approach.

IMPACT OF SIX SIXMA ON TOURISM INDUSTRIES PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA: EVIDENCE FROM STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL

Concept of Six Sigma is comprehensive for finding the appropriate strategy as of the industry can run as efficiently as possible and survive in an economic wave currently under challenging times, including the tourism industry, which is the object of this research. These papers examine an overview of the empirical study of relationships between six sigma strategies toward tourism industry performance. For many countries, tourism is seen as one of the instruments for developing country because it can trigger new economic activities. Tourism also has assertive economic impact on the balance of payments, unemployment, GDP, and profitability. Unplanned and uncontrolled tourism growth has an impact on financial sustainability. The methodology used in this research is quantitative by distributing an online questionnaire consisting of 16 statement items with a five-point Likert scale. The sample size used for this research is 300 tourism service providers in 10 of the city in Indonesia, which is the leading destination for tourists. This research was processed using smart PLS 3.2.9 analysis tools and methods research in this study using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), namely the equation model with a variance-based approach or modeling component-based structural equations. The findings from this study indicate that the latent variable models are involvement and top management commitment, training and education, cultural change, industrial infrastructure, and teamwork has a fit outer model relationship (> 0.7) between latent variables and indicators of efficacious Six Sigma implementation in the tourism industry in Indonesia. However, top management commitment and industrial infrastructure have a low t value, so of course, this is a challenge and input for developing the tourism industry in Indonesia in the future.

Mechanism of inhibitors in control of corrosion of steel in concrete

Reinforced concrete is the most abundantly used material in the infrastructure industry. Corrosion of reinforcing steel is the most critical and significant problem that the building industry faces. This durability issue is primarily caused due to chloride attack or carbonation of concrete. Among other techniques used in producing high-performance concrete, the use of corrosion inhibitors is the most attractive from the view of cost and ease of application. There is a diverse range of available corrosion inhibitors that are classified based on their origin, mechanism of protection, and composition. This paper covers a critical overview of the different mechanisms of corrosion protection offered by corrosion inhibitors. Furthermore, the stricter enforcement of environmental rules has prompted and inspired researchers to focus on developing non-toxic and ecologically acceptable corrosion inhibitors. This paper also gives a brief account of the ecological sustainability and toxicity issues concerning the commercially available inhibitors and the versatility and effectiveness of green corrosion inhibitors compared to synthetic corrosion inhibitors. This account of corrosion inhibitors attempts to contribute towards developing awareness and understanding of the primary mechanism of protection and the use of innovative and green materials to increase the service life of steel-reinforced concrete.

Systems perspectives on combined production of advanced biojet fuel and biofuels in existing industrial infrastructure in Sweden

Systems perspectives on combined production of advanced biojet fuel and biofuels in existing industrial infrastructure in Sweden

KESIAGAAN DESA TANGGUH BENCANA KAWASAN PELABUHAN DAN INDUSTRI LEBAK GEDE PULOMERAK

The Port Area and Industrial City of Cilegon, which has been known as the Chemical Industry area, cannot be separated from the threat of tsunamis, earthquakes and fires, so it requires countermeasures, among others, through preparedness efforts from many parties, especially the people living in it, so that the losses that occur can be reduced as little as possible. Therefore, this study aims to determine the preparedness of the people of the Pulomerak Area in facing the danger of earthquakes and tsunamis which is illustrated through community attitudes and behaviors towards disaster threats. Based on the results of the study, it is known that community preparedness in the Pulomerak Area against tsunami, earthquake and industrial disasters is in an unprepared condition when viewed from the parameters of knowledge and attitudes, policies, emergency response plans, disaster warning systems, and resource mobilization, Data is obtained from interviews and documentation. The results showed that the potential for industrial disasters varied based on the field of industrial business. The largest industry in Cilegon City is the chemical industry (36%), so the biggest potential industrial disaster comes from the chemical industry. Potential chemical industry disasters can be caused by industrial failures such as chemical leakage, industrial infrastructure, reactor tube explosions, gas leaks, fires, poisoning, radiation, and epidemics. The unpreparedness of the community in facing the threat of this disaster is partly due to many people who do not know the vulnerability of their area to disasters. Meanwhile, there have not been many efforts to improve disaster preparedness carried out by the government due to limited resources. However, the condition of community preparedness in the Pulomerak Area can still be improved so that the risks that occur can be suppressed

Historiography of relations between the soviet government and the local population in the territory of Northern Bukovyna and Khotyn region in 1940-1947

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the historiography of the topic of relations between Soviet authorities and local population, the instruction of Sovietization processes in the territory of Northern Bukovyna and Khotyn region during 1940-1947.The study of relationship between Soviet authorities and local population is quite unexplored and requires further scientific study. There was no comprehensive study. In the scientific literature, this issue is highlighted in the form of a diverse thematic spectrum and concerns current political, economic, household and educational and cultural issues. During the last decades, depending on socio-political conditions and the available base of historical sources, the approach to the coverage of the mentioned issues has changed.The conclusion emphasizes that modern Ukrainian historiography, relying on a much wider source base, examines in more depth certain aspects the life of population in the territory of Chernivtsi region.Soviet historiography in Ukraine was strongly influenced by communist ideology and censorship, which had a significant impact on the study of the history of Bukovyna. The problems and achievements of Soviet industrial construction, the collectivization of agriculture, and the development of industry and transport infrastructure were studied. Special attention was paid to Soviet land reform policies and national policy regarding Bukovyna national minorities.Researchers are forced to work within the approved historical concept and maintain a positive image of Soviet government. This approach significantly limited the possibility of conducting objective research and analysis of the history of Bukovyna in the specified period.Foreign historiography of the history of Bukovyna was aimed at a detailed study of the events and processes of that time, in particular in the context of national issues using available sources and archival materials.Ukrainian historiography of the history of Bukovyna sought to understand and analyze the complex events of that time, focusing on the political, socio-economic and cultural aspects of life in Bukovyna, as well as on the role of Ukrainian population in the struggle for freedom and national independence.Thus, during the half-century period of studying the problems of the entry of Northern Bukovyna territory into the USSR, the interaction of local population and the Soviet authorities, the literature is not sufficiently systematized and does not cover the problems as a whole, a lot of works have a limited source base, because access to information on this topic was provided only at the end of the 20th century.

CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

Entry In the agricultural sector of the regional economy, the formation of corporate-type structures is being pursued, which combines them in an integrated form, by concentrating capital, labor resources, and industrial infrastructure to achieve savings. significant effect, increased productivity and increased product sales. Integration creates receptive minds for growing the obligations of rural production, with more effective agro-industrial establishments of the corporate type, which can create a closed cycle, leading to the necessary financial capital Talent and access to long-term lending. The purpose of this publication is analysis, tracking of trends in the development, formation, and functioning of corporate agricultural enterprises based on current realities. Results. The statistics examine the nutritional characteristics, development trends and functioning in the current minds of corporate-type enterprises, such as agricultural holdings. The essence of the concept of corporation and the particularity of the creation of corporate enterprises are identified. An assessment of the development of the land fund has been carried out, and an analysis of the division of rural agricultural enterprises across the area of rural agricultural land has been carried out. The dynamics of the number of agricultural enterprises for 2008-2021 have been determined, and the dynamics of the sown area of agricultural crops has been examined. The formation of corporate systems was studied and it was determined that the greatest expansion and development was achieved by this form of corporate agricultural formations, such as agricultural holdings. The essence of agricultural holdings and the features of their formation, functioning and legal status are outlined. Named TOP 10 agricultural holdings of the region. An analysis of the positive and negative aspects of the functioning of agricultural holdings has been carried out. Visnovki. Due to the fate of the independence of the region from the global aggregate of agricultural enterprises, there was a vision of great corporate agricultural formations, such as for the development of tracts of agricultural land, the effect of scale, however The importance of innovation was reflected in significant competitive advantages. The main advantage of agricultural holdings lies in the manifestation of a synergistic effect.

Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) with Several Contents of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA)

Continuous research efforts have been developed in the literature to raise the sustainability components of the road infrastructure industry, i.e., reduce potential contaminants and augment financial profitability. In this regard, this investigation aims to explore the feasibility of producing Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) with the inclusion of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) as a partial substitute for coarse Natural Aggregates (NAs). Thus, four different HMAs were considered, namely HMAs with coarse RCA contents of 0, 15, 30, and 45%. Specifically, the mechanical and sustainability properties of the asphalt mixtures were determined. On the one hand, the Marshall design parameters, resilient modulus, moisture susceptibility, rutting resistance, and fatigue life were addressed as mechanical properties. Meanwhile, regarding the sustainability properties, the environmental impacts and production costs were estimated using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) methodologies, respectively. Consequently, the following conclusions were obtained: (i) as the coarse RCA content increases, the mechanical behavior of the HMA progressively deteriorates; (ii) this decrease in mechanical performance is acceptable up to a 15% RCA of coarse RCA, whereas for higher dosages this alteration is abrupt; and (iii) the RCA only generates sustainability benefits at a 15% replacement amount.

EREMI: An Innovative Interdisciplinary Approach for Higher Education in Resource Efficient Manufacturing Environments

This paper presents an overview of EREMI, a two-year project funded under ERASMUS+ KA203, and its results. The project team’s main objective was to develop and validate an advanced interdisciplinary higher education curriculum, which includes lifelong learning components. The curriculum focuses on enhancing resource efficiency in the manufacturing industry and optimising poorly or non-digitised industrial physical infrastructure systems. The paper also discusses the results of the project, highlighting the successful achievement of its goals. EREMI effectively supports the transition to Industry 5.0 by preparing a common European pool of future experts. Through comprehensive research and collaboration, the project team has designed a curriculum that equips students with the necessary skills and knowledge to thrive in the evolving manufacturing landscape. Furthermore, the paper explores the significance of EREMI’s contributions to the field, emphasising the importance of resource efficiency and system optimisation in industrial settings. By addressing the challenges posed by under-digitised infrastructure, the project aims to drive sustainable and innovative practices in manufacturing. All five project partner organisations have been actively engaged in offering relevant educational content and framework for decentralised sustainable economic development in regional and national contexts through capacity building at a local level. A crucial element of the added value is the new channel for obtaining feedback from students. The survey results, which are outlined in the paper, offer valuable insights gathered from students, contributing to the continuous improvement of the project.

General characteristics of organized crime in the Black Sea region of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the general characteristics and peculiarities of organized crime in the Black Sea region of Ukraine. The relevance and practical significance of research on this type of crime is proven, the essence of the strategic importance of the Black Sea region in the context of the spread of the investigated type of crime is determined. Establishing the specificity of the phenomenon of organizedcrime in the Black Sea region is methodologically carried out through the definition of the concept and signs of organized and regional crime. Socio-economic prerequisites for the determination of crime in the border region of Southern Ukraine are indicated. It is proved that at the present time, organized crime in the South of mainland Ukraine is characterized by professionalization, armed forces, cross-border connections, the presence of well-established corruption schemes of interaction with representatives of the power sector, and a pronounced economic component of self-interest.Statistical data on the spread of organized crime on the territory of Ukraine for the period of the last five years (2018-2022) are analyzed. The primary influence of historical, geographical and cultural systems of territorial factors of crime on the peculiarities of the development of regional crime in the Black Sea region is noted. The author suggests that such factors include geographical location, features of formation, specifics of transportand industrial infrastructure, demographic features, traditions and customs of the local population, etc.It is argued that organized crime in the Black Sea region acts as an independent complex phenomenon, which is characterized by criminal practices of weapons distribution, traffic and distribution of a wide range of narcotic and psychotropic substances, smuggling, economic and corruption criminal offenses.

Peran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Dalam Menjaga Stabilitas dan Keamanan Sistem Keuangan

OJK is the institution responsible for overseeing and regulating the financial services sector, including banking, the non-bank financial industry, non-financial corporations, households, financial markets, and financial market infrastructure. OJK has an important role in monitoring developments in the condition of the financial system, identifying, analyzing and assessing existing risks. In addition, OJK is also tasked with providing and conveying the necessary data and information and is responsible for the accuracy of the data and information submitted. Through strict supervision, strengthening financial system infrastructure, and preventive measures, OJK plays a role in ensuring the stability and security of Indonesia's financial system. 
 

STIMULATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY OF THE RURAL POPULATION IN THE MOUNTAINOUS TERRITORIES OF TRANSCARPATHIA

Topicality. Transcarpathian region is characterized by clearly expressed spatial vertical zoning, which includes lowland, foothills, and mountain natural and economic zones. These administrative-territorial formations differ among themselves in terms of natural and climatic conditions and resource-production potential, which imposes a certain specificity on economic activity and creates unequal economic conditions. The situation is particularly difficult in mountain settlements, the vast majority of which are underdeveloped. As a result, the vast majority of mountain villages found themselves in a state of stagnation, they are characterized by a low intensity of economic activity, a poorly diversified structure of the economy, insufficient scientific and technical potential, and a poorly developed industrial and social infrastructure. Systematic studies of transformational processes in mountain settlements convincingly prove that one of the promising ways out of the crisis situation is to increase the social activity of the rural population by involving them in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity and commerce.Hence the relevance and increased interest of the scientific community in the analysis of the state and trends in the development of entrepreneurship in the mountain settlements of the region.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate the main trends in the development of entrepreneurial activity in the mountain settlements of the Transcarpathian region and the formation of effective mechanisms and incentives for the entrepreneurial activity of the rural population.Materials and Methods. The following methods were used when writing the paper: abstract-logical (to study the stratification of the goals of entrepreneurs), retrospective (to compare the obtained data with the previous period), system analysis (to find out the state and trends of business development), prognostic (to form state policy for the development of mountain areas), sociological monitoring (to obtain information on the formation of adaptation strategies for the development of entrepreneurship).Research results. In accordance with the set goal, the article pays considerable attention to the analysis of economic strategies and related stratification goals of rural entrepreneurs operating in the priority areas of the economy in the mountain settlements of the region. On the basis of the results of sociological monitoring, motivational factors have been identified that became an incentive to entrepreneurial activity, as well as those that inhibit business development. In the process of monitoring, considerable attention is paid to the study of respondents' opinions regarding the perspective of the vision of their own business development, their intentions regarding the attraction of investments in its development. Conceptually, the article presents the author's vision of solving a complex set of problems that can give a significant impetus to the activation of entrepreneurial activity in mountain settlements and the involvement of broad segments of the population in the sphere of business and commerce. It has been proven that the activation of entrepreneurial activity requires the adoption of the State Program for the Development of Rural Industry as a basic segment of the economy of mountain settlements and the development of a package of legislative acts regarding state support and stimulation of the business activity of the mountain population.Conclusion. The applied significance of the work consists in substantiating approaches to the formation of an effective business environment in mountainous areas and the use of economic tools capable of activating the business activity of the population.

Toward a Prosperous Future Where Humans and Robots Cooperate

Based on the roadmap formulated by “Consortium for Human-Centric Manufacturing Innovation” (here-in after referred to as HCMI Consortium) of National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, an industry-academia-government collaborative platform launched on April 10, 2019, this paper introduces initiatives and future prospects for human-centric robotics that collaborate with humans and human-in-the-loop cyber-physical system to support future industrial infrastructure for a sustainable and prosperous society. In particular, in cooperation with humans, it is important to understand the behavior of workers. For this purpose, it is important to have a fundamental technology that can represent models of human in cyber-physical systems and simulate the relationship between human and machines. Based on this fundamental technology, we are proceeding with demonstrations in various use cases.