Infrastructure In Nigeria Research Articles

Online Marketing and Advertising in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges

The study was guided by three research objectives and underpinned by two theories: Technological Determinism and Social Presence Theories. The study was tilted toward qualitative methodology while library research design was adopted in studying secondary data obtained from books, journals, and newspapers which were analysed. Among other findings, the study ascertained that the Internet and other communication technology channels are generally changing many aspects of consumers’ buying behaviour all over the world, including Nigeria, to new goods and services and that the Internet and the World Wide Web have transformed how goods are bought and the way businesses are conducted. The study also found that despite the prospect of online marketing and advertising, unpredictable fixed line networks in Nigeria and unstable electricity supply, pose serious challenges to online marketing and advertising in Nigeria. The study concluded that these situations pose challenges to sustainable marketing communication in Nigeria. Given these findings, the study recommended among others that, the government and all the relevant stakeholders should improve on internet infrastructure in Nigeria, constant electricity supply, and make data subscription affordable and that online advertising messages need to be compelling and engaging to be able to capture and retain audience attention, to achieve the desired result.

Impact of Public Private Partnership on the Development of Critical Infrastructure in Nigeria during the Fourth Republic

The use of Public Private Partnership (PPP) for the provision of critical infrastructure became imperative in order to reduce cost, absorb risk, improve quality, guarantee effective service delivery and obtain value for money. However, the extent to which the use of PPP in the provision of critical infrastructure in Nigeria during the fourth republic has not been established due to lack of access to necessary data. This is the gap that this study intends to bridge by providing necessary information on the impact of PPP in the development physical infrastructure within the period under review. Therefore, the main objective of the study is to examine the impact of PPP in the development of road, rail and water transportation in Nigeria during the fourth republic. Methodologically, the paper adopts a qualitative approach for the purpose of obtaining the required materials through the contents analysis of documents from the Ministry of Transport, Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE), Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and National dailies. The findings of the study reveal that the impact of PPP in the development of road, rail and water transportation during the fourth republic in Nigeria have not be quite impressive due to poor maintenance culture, poor funding, lack of accountability and evading due process in contract award .Therefore, the study recommends for the use of cost benefit analysis in ensuring value for money, replacement of obsolete equipment, increase in budgetary provision and compliance with the provisions of Public Procurement Act in contract award.

Universal Accessibility in the Design of Public Post Primary Schools: A. Case Study of Birnin Kebbi Metropolis

This research investigates the universal accessibility of secondary school buildings in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis, Nigeria, with a specific focus on understanding and improving physical infrastructure to accommodate diverse needs. Recognizing the fundamental right to education for all, including individuals with disabilities, the study utilizes a case study approach to assess the current state of secondary school buildings in the selected region. Employing a qualitative research approach, specifically an observational study and using an observation checklist as a data collection method, the research aims to identify barriers and challenges to universal accessibility. Key areas of examination include the adequacy of infrastructure, the presence of inclusive design features, and overall compliance with accessibility standards. The research contributes valuable insights to the existing knowledge on inclusive education in Nigeria, shedding light on the current status of secondary school buildings in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis. The findings shows that most of the public secondary schools in Birnin Kebbi were not designed with consideration for inclusiveness. The findings also includes recommendations for policy enhancements, architectural interventions, and awareness campaigns to create a more inclusive and accessible educational environment. By advocating for universally accessible secondary school buildings, the research aims to address the diverse needs of students, fostering an equitable and empowering educational experience for all. Overall, this research bridges gaps in understanding the accessibility landscape of secondary schools in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis. It not only identifies existing challenges but also proposes actionable recommendations for policymakers, architects, and educators to collaboratively work towards a more inclusive educational infrastructure in Nigeria.

Taxes and Road Infrastructural Development in Nigeria

This study examined the taxes and road infrastructural development in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study among others were to determine the relationship between of company income tax on road infrastructural development in Nigeria, ascertain the relationship between petroleum profit tax on road infrastructural development in Nigeria. Four research questions and four hypotheses were formulated as a guide for the study. This study adopted ex post facto research design. The population of the study was conducted on Federal Republic of Nigeria under the National Bureau of Statistics, Federal Inland Revenue Services, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Federal Ministry of Finance. The study period covered was forty-one (41) years spanning from 1982 to 2022. This study utilized Descriptive statistic, Unit Root Test and Ordinary Least Square Regression method with the aid of E-View 12. The findings of the study showed a positive and significant relationship between company income tax on road infrastructure in Nigeria; customs and excises duties positively and significantly affects road infrastructure in Nigeria; petroleum profit tax negatively and insignificantly affects road infrastructure in Nigeria and finally, value added tax negatively and insignificantly influence road infrastructure in Nigeria is statistically negative and insignificant. The study concluded that taxes such as company income tax, custom and excise duties affects road infrastructural development in Nigeria for the period spanning from 1982 – 2022. Therefore, the study suggested amongst other that, government should intensify efforts at developing the level of infrastructure in the country through tax payers’ revenue because, this study affirmed that company income tax and customs and excise duties positively and significantly affects road infrastructure in Nigeria

Unlocking the Potential of 5G: Innovations and Challenges in Next-Generation Telecommunication Networks in Nigeria

This study investigates the unlocking of 5G potential, focusing on innovations and challenges in next-generation telecommunication networks within Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study, employing a survey research design. The study population consisted of 38 respondents, comprising 17 Technical Unit Heads from the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) and 21 Heads of Telecommunication and Innovation Units from the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) across six regional offices in Nigeria. Due to the small population size, the entire population was included, eliminating the need for sampling. Data collection utilized a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers, titled "Innovations and Challenges in Fifth-Generation Telecommunication Networks Questionnaire (ICFTNQ)," achieving a reliability index of 0.87 through the Cronbach Alpha reliability method. Mean statistics were utilized to address the research questions. The findings revealed the significant enhancements brought by 5G to telecommunication infrastructure in Nigeria, particularly in speed, reliability, innovation, and economic development. Key innovative strategies crucial for 5G deployment were identified, including network optimization, collaboration, infrastructure development, and regulatory support. The study recommends collaborative efforts among government, industry stakeholders, and international partners to overcome challenges and establish a robust foundation for successful 5G deployment in Nigeria.

Assessing the Vulnerabilities: Cybersecurity Challenges in Power System Infrastructure in Nigeria

This study examined the Cyber security Challenges in Power System Infrastructure in Nigeria. Four research questions guided the study which employed a survey research design. The population of the study was 46 respondents comprising 23 Technical Units Heads and 23 Heads of Cyber security Units from the (23) power-generating plants in Nigeria. The entire population was used hence, there was no sampling. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled: Cyber security Challenges in Power System Infrastructure Questionnaire (CCPSIQ) developed by the researchers. A reliability index of 0.89 was obtained using the Cronbach Alpha reliability method. The mean statistic was used to answer the research questions. The findings of the study revealed that the primary cyber threats targeting power system infrastructure in Nigeria including network-based attacks, insider threats, supply chain vulnerabilities, advanced persistent threats (APTs), physical attacks, zero-day exploits, data breaches, and ransom ware/extortion; it further reveal that cyber-attacks on power grid infrastructure in Nigeria lead to significant service disruptions, financial losses, equipment damage, safety compromises, erosion of customer confidence, regulatory non-compliance, increased vulnerability to future incidents, reputation damage, and prolonged recovery periods, underscoring the multifaceted impact of cyber threats on operational efficiency. The study recommended that: Collaboration among stakeholders, including government agencies, industry partners, and cyber security experts, is paramount to effectively address emerging threats and enhance cyber security resilience. By implementing proactive measures and fostering a culture of cyber security awareness, Nigeria can strengthen its power system infrastructure against cyber threats, safeguarding the reliability and security of critical services for its citizens.

A Geospatial Analysis of the Availability, Distribution, and Accessibility of Neurosurgical Facilities, Workforce, and Infrastructure in Nigeria; and Projection Towards 2050

There has been a modest but progressive increase in the neurosurgical workforce, training, and service delivery in Nigeria in the last 2decades. However, these resources are unevenly distributed. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the availability and distribution of neurosurgical resources in Nigeria while projecting the needed workforce capacity up to2050. An online survey of Nigerian neurosurgeons and residents assessed the country's neurosurgical infrastructure, workforce, and resources. The results were analyzed descriptively, and geospatial analysis was used to map their distribution. A projection model was fitted to predict workforce targets for 2022-2050. Out of 86 neurosurgery-capable health facilities, 65.1% were public hospitals, with only 17.4% accredited for residency training. Dedicated hospital beds and operating rooms for neurosurgery make up only 4.0% and 15.4% of the total, respectively. The population disease burden is estimated at 50.2 per 100,000, while the operative coverage was 153.2 cases per neurosurgeon. There are currently 132 neurosurgeons and 114 neurosurgery residents for a population of 218 million (ratio 1:1.65 million). There is an annual growth rate of 8.3%, resulting in a projected deficit of 1113 neurosurgeons by 2030 and 1104 by 2050. Timely access to neurosurgical care ranges from 21.6% to 86.7% of the population within different timeframes. Collaborative interventions are needed to address gaps in Nigeria's neurosurgical capacity. Investments in training, infrastructure, and funding are necessary for sustainable development and optimized outcomes.

Assessing the Gains and Challenges of Nigeria’s Participation in The Forum On China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC)

The paper examined the benefit that Nigeria has gotten following her participation in the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC) which was established in the year 2000 in Beijing, China. FOCAC is seen as an example of the South-South Co-operation attempt to realise the dreams of the Guandung Conference held in Indonesia in 1955. The paper relied on secondary data which were sourced from textbooks, journal papers, and seminar papers among others that are related to the subject matter and adopted complex interdependence theory as a framework of analysis. Findings from this work show that Nigeria's participation in the forum has greatly enhanced trade and increased Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as available data shows that FDI in Nigeria has increased exponentially heating 19.27 billion US dollars in the year 2019 against 1,900 times that of 1971 when the diplomatic ties were established. FOCAC has also helped in developing Nigeria's infrastructure like the construction of the Abuja- Kaduna railway line, among other benefits. However, findings also revealed that there are challenges in this relation, typical among them are the fear expressed by so many Nigerians of the likely hood of Nigeria falling into the Chinese debt trap, unbalanced trade which favors China, and security challenges confronting Nigeria like kidnapping, banditry, and terrorism among others. Based on this, the work recommends that China should use the platform of FOCAC to allay this fear of the debt trap and assist Nigeria in confronting these securities challenges. On the part of Nigeria, the paper recommends that Nigeria need to increase her export trade among other measures, as this will help her build a strong economy and have the resources to supply China's growing need, rather than demand for energy resources and other raw materials.

THE EFFECT OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE WASTE AS REINFORCEMENT IN ASPHALTIC BINDER COURSE

In Nigeria, the pressing need for more durable road infrastructure has prompted research into enhanced pavement construction. This study focuses on reinforcing asphaltic concrete with polypropylene fiber waste (PFW) to improve longevity, a critical aspect given the suboptimal conditions of many Nigerian roads. Various tests were conducted, including sieve analysis, aggregate crushing value, water absorption, specific gravity, and the marshal test, with results analyzed through variance analysis (ANOVA). Experimentally, stability values for asphaltic concrete with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5% PFW were 4.65 kN, 5.3 kN, 6.8 kN, 6.95 kN, and 7.1 kN, respectively. Mathematical modeling revealed that the optimum PFW content for achieving maximum stability is 4.16%. Notably, the study concludes that 3% PFW yields the most desirable properties, indicating a promising avenue for improving pavement durability amidst escalating traffic demands. This research contributes to the broader goal of developing robust, long-lasting road infrastructure in Nigeria, aligning with the vision of safe, durable, and low-maintenance pavements over a desirable 15-20-year period.

Public Debt and Infrastructural Development in Nigeria; An Empirical Investigation

This study examines the impact of public debt on infrastructural development in Nigeria from 1990-2022, as debt load has become one of the most critical impediments limiting recovery and growth on the continent, but if these debts both internally and externally sourced are being channelled and utilized effectively to improvement of public infrastructure might influences level of the economy, hence contentious in macroeconomics theories. Relying on data from the World Bank Development Indicators and the outcome of various pre-estimation tests ; the Augmented Dickey Fuller and Phillip Peron method were employed to determine the stationarity trend in the data, the correlation analysis to test the relationship between the variables, the study adopted the Auto Regressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) estimation technique to determine the relationship between public debt (proxied by domestic debt and external debt) and capital expenditure a proxy for public infrastructure in Nigeria. The long-run results revealed that external debt and internal debt is insignificant but have positive impact of capital expenditure in Nigeria, which implies the misallocation of funds to the development of infrastructures in the country. The study further revealed that the debt service payment and Inflation rate has negative impact of the capital expenditure at the current Lag but has positive association at Lag 1 and not statistically significant at both Lag. The study conclude that public debt positively impact infrastructural development in Nigeria. The research recommend that government should ensure that debts incurred are channel towards the specific and identified infrastructural productive projects and not just for solving short run problems

Techno-economic feasibility analysis of a large-scale parabolic trough thermal power plant in Effurun-Warri, Nigeria

Abstract 
 In the modern world, solar energy is one of the most mature renewable energy resources for electricity generation. Because of the growing interest in green energy and CO2 reduction, concentrated power technologies have gained prominence all over the world. Several parabolic trough power plants are currently operational in various parts of the world. However, despite the region's favorable weather conditions, Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa have yet to adopt this technology. To galvanize the integration of solar energy into the energy infrastructure in Nigeria, technical and economic feasibility studies are required. This paper presents a techno-economic viability assessment of a 25 MW Parabolic Trough solar thermal power plant for electricity generation in Effurun-Warri, Nigeria. The System Advisor Model (SAM) software was used for the analysis, based on the validated technical and financial models inbuilt into the software. Results showed that the plant is technically feasible in Effurun-Warri with a capacity factor of over 35%, which compares favourably with other similar plants across the globe. However, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of 11.87 cents/kWh obtained is significantly higher than the subsidized cost of electricity in the country, by about 99%, leading to a negative net present value of the project. To improve cost, optimized design parameters of the plant should be adopted for performance simulation in the SAM software.

Evaluation of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Public-Private Partnerships Involving Chinese Investment in Nigeria.

This research work evaluated the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) schemes involving Chinese Investment in FCT Projects, Research objective which guided this work was to compare Chinese investments and PPP schemes as methods for infrastructure finance in FCT. Research questions were formulated and tested. To carry out the work, comparative analysis of both investment options was done using the Google Research tool, interviews and an extensive literature review to evaluate the use of Chinese Investment and Public-Private Partnership (PPPs) in FCT Projects to find out which option met Sustainability Development Goals (SDG 11) criteria. Findings from the work show that Infrastructure projects are massive, and complex with multiple stakeholders. The research also found out that Chinese investment has increased Nigerian debt stock and that infrastructure paucity leads to multiple challenges in Nigeria. The T-test result was less than 0.05, null hypothesis was upheld and it affirmed PPP as a preferred method of financing infrastructure in Nigeria and recommended for the use of PPPs as the most costeffective method of infrastructure financing in Nigeria in order to meet up with SDG 11. Keywords: Foreign, Direct Investment, Public, Private Partnerships, Chinese and Investment

Infrastructural development and development administration: A retrospective

Background: No nation can achieve any meaningful development without adequate infrastructure. National development in Nigeria is predicated on adequate modern infrastructure. But, the situation in Nigeria seemed to be that of an infrastructure deficit.Aim: The study examined the state of infrastructure in Nigeria and the efforts put in place to meet the infrastructure deficit in the country.Method: The study was a descriptive qualitative research and secondary data was used. The data was analysed using content analysis. The study covers the entire country, Nigeria.Result: The study showed that the various infrastructures in Nigeria are in a deplorable state and efforts at building modern infrastructure are still very insignificant. The major reasons for the deplorable state of infrastructure in Nigeria can be attributed to inadequate funds, a high rate of corruption in the public domain among others.Conclusion: The study suggested a rigorous revenue-generating strategy by the government to fill the deficit gap, reduce corruption in the public institutions in Nigeria, among others.Contribution: The paper no doubt revealed the ineptitude of the Nigerian leaders to understand the vital role of infrastructure in National development. Leaders with foresight will embark on infrastructure development, not only to enhance economic growth but to attract foreign investors. Unfortunately, the findings of the study showed that the Nigerian government has failed and lacked the political will to develop the relevant infrastructure required for economic development and enhancing the overall welfare of the citizens.

Assessing the Effect of International Lending Interest Rate Volatility on Government Infrastructural Expenditure

Spending on government infrastructure in Nigeria is faced with several economic challenges among which international lending rate volatility is significant. This study focuses on determining the effect of interest rate fluctuation on government infrastructural expenditure between 1993 and 2022. Its theoretical footing is the loanable fund theory, as it employs the Vector Error Correction framework to analyse the various data sourced from the World Development Indicators. The stationarity test confirmed that all the data were stationary at levels. Empirical results confirmed that international lending rate fluctuation has insignificant positive impact on public infrastructural spending (government infrastructural expenditure) in Nigeria. It was also observed that a long run relationship exists between international lending interest rate fluctuation and infrastructural development in Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that the regulatory authorities should strive to maximize this opportunity to design appropriate long term policies that can enhance infrastructural expansion through the appropriate modelling of international interest rate regime rather than putting in place short term measures that are not sustainable to infrastructural development. This paper proposes an innovative bond, the floating-interest infrastructure bond, which could attract private finance in infrastructure projects. This paper explains how private finance can be channelized into infrastructure investment by the sharing of spillover tax revenues between the government and the investors using a floating-interest-rate infrastructure bond. The private sector, such as banks and postal banks, will develop long-term deposits to provide loans for infrastructure development. Unlike the usual government bond, which provides a fixed interest rate, the proposed floating-interest-rate infrastructure bond pays a floating interest. Spillover effect depends on a number of factors, suc

Rapid implementation mapping to identify implementation determinants and strategies for cervical cancer control in Nigeria.

Cervical cancer constitutes a huge burden among women in Nigeria, particularly HIV-infected women. However, the provision and uptake of cervical cancer screening and treatment is limited in Nigeria. Understanding implementation determinants is essential for the effective translation of such evidence-based interventions into practice, particularly in low-resource settings. COVID-19 pandemic necessitated online collaboration making implementation mapping challenging in some ways, while providing streamlining opportunities. In this study, we describe the use of a virtual online approach for implementation mapping (steps 1-3) to identify implementation determinants, mechanisms, and strategies to implement evidence-based cervical cancer screening and treatment in existing HIV infrastructure in Nigeria. This study used a mixed methods study design with a virtual modified nominal group technique (NGT) process aligning with Implementation Mapping steps 1-3. Eleven stakeholders (six program staff and five healthcare providers and administrators) participated in a virtual NGT process which occurred in two phases. The first phase utilized online surveys, and the second phase utilized an NGT and implementation mapping process. The Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment (EPIS) framework was used to elicit discussion around determinants and strategies from the outer context (i.e., country and regions), inner organizational context of existing HIV infrastructure, bridging factors that relate to bi-directional influences, and the health innovation to be implemented (in this case cervical cancer screening and treatment). During the NGT, the group ranked implementation barriers and voted on implementation strategies using Mentimeter. Eighteen determinants to integrating cervical cancer screening and treatment into existing comprehensive HIV programs were related to human resources capacity, access to cervical cancer services, logistics management, clinic, and client-related factors. The top 3 determinants included gaps in human resources capacity, poor access to cervical cancer services, and lack of demand for services resulting from lack of awareness about the disease and servicesA set of six core implementation strategies and two enhanced implementation strategies were identified. Rapid Implementation Mapping is a feasible and acceptable approach for identifying and articulating implementation determinants, mechanisms, and strategies for complex healthcare interventions in LMICs.

EFFECT OF DEBT SERVICE ON INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

The study examines the effect of debt services on infrastructural development in Nigeria. The increase in debt services has been worrisome; recently Nigeria’s debt service has astronomically increased without interruption. This uninterrupted increase of debt service has resulted to decrease in infrastructure, consequently, decreasing private investment and aggregate demand, thus, increasing unemployment in the country. The study employed an econometric model to test a long run relationship between debt services and infrastructural development and found a long run relationship. The study also found a negative and statistically significant relationship between debt services and infrastructure in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommended that government should look for alternative means of raising fund rather than borrowing.

Stimulating Private Investment in Public Infrastructure Through Reform of the Nigerian Legal Environment

A massive infrastructure deficit seriously impedes business growth and economic progress in Nigeria. Given the current fiscal realities, it is apparent that the government cannot solely bankroll such infrastructure requirements. Therefore, the need for private sector involvement in infrastructure development cannot be over-emphasised. However, this paper contends that gaps in infrastructure-related laws are partly responsible for the failure to attract private sector investment into Nigeria’s infrastructure sector. In this regard, the paper seeks to investigate those legal impediments hobbling private sector participation in financing public infrastructure in Nigeria and what reforms, if any, should be made to stimulate private capital flows into the sector. Furthermore, it is argued that attracting private capital into the infrastructure sector requires, among other things, a favourable legal and regulatory environment that is rules-based, transparent, and predictable. It is therefore concluded that private resources could be unlocked by reviewing and improving appropriate infrastructure-related aspects of the country’s legal environment. This article adopts a doctrinal approach; hence, it is based on desktop and library-based or non-empirical research. As doctrinal research, it will rely on an analysis of existing literature on the subject under investigation.

Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Assisted Reproductive Technology Among Patients Attending Health Clinics at Babcock University Teaching Hospital Ilishan-Remo Ogun State

Female infertility was reported to account for about 55% of infertility cases, male factor accounted for about 30% to 40% of infertility cases and unexplained infertility accounted for the remaining 5 percent to 15 percent of cases. In Africa, infections resulting in tubo-peritoneal factor and oligo-azoospermia (low sperm count) are the most common causes of infertility. Infertility is widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa ranging from 13–17 in most countries with pockets of high prevalence at 32%. The general objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception of Assisted Reproductive Technology among patients attending health clinics within the prevailing fragile health infrastructure in Nigeria. The aims of study, therefore, are to assess the knowledge of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) among patients attending BUTH health clinics, to ascertain the attitudes of BUTH patients towards ART as a treatment method for infertility, and to ascertain the perception of ART among patients attending clinics at BUTH. It was observed that the overall level of awareness in this study was high but with a fair knowledge level that can be attributed to the rise in social media use. Both men and women were able to correctly describe the major causes of infertility. Most importantly was the visible change in narrative against the previous belief of ART being majorly for female causes of infertility to both male and female causes. However, many participants had a negative attitude towards the use of ART and gamete donation. These findings have implications for the planning and implementation of infertility-related programmes that will help to tackle inherent challenges undermining the full utilization of ART services in Nigeria.

Can digital transformation improve transparency and accountability of public governance in Nigeria?

PurposeCorruption within the Nigerian Government – at all levels – is endemic and a major problem. While there is ample evidence to buttress this fact, its effects are having a negative impact on the ability of the government to meet its agreed UN sustainable development targets, as well as the credibility of the government (nationally and internationally), and its ability to deliver on quality governance. Hence, this study aims to identify the power of digital transformation in curbing corruption and improving governance for sustainable development.Design/methodology/approachA mixed method that encompasses the use of a systematic literature review and a bibliometric analysis was used to examine extant literatures – to derive lessons for the Nigerian Government and governments in other developing countries (most especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa).FindingsThe results obtained within this study show that digital transformation – brought by the fourth industrial revolution – is a verified solution to improving transparency and accountability in governance. However, the current technological infrastructure in Nigeria is too weak to support this innovation. Key infrastructures like high-speed internet, a harmonized data storage system, and communications among government organizations rarely exist.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, the approach used in this research is unique as it is one of the earliest studies to provide a viable solution to the issue of corruption in public governance in Nigeria, while examining the effects of the digital transformation of governance globally.

Impact of cyberspace on the cybersecurity of critical national assets infrastructures in Nigeria: A review of education and financial sectors

Unprepared with a fragile digital infrastructures, and hurriedly tossed into the depth of the cyberspace in the Fourth and Fifth Industrial Revolutions (4IR and 5IR) by Covid-19 pandemic measures, of lockdown and needs for remote learning. The educational sector became the most vulnerable; with streams of cyber-attacks stalling virtual classes and compromising data integrity, of which the financial sector was not exempted, despite the evolvement of cyber insurance policy. The financial end users are aggravated and left at the mercy of internet fraudsters called “yahoo-yahoo” boys, coupled with hacking of SWIFT, crypto currency thefts, and Nations’ Central Banks falling into cyber-attacks, thus leaving no unconquered space for cybercriminals, even as cyber literacy and security are siloed away under stand-alone arrangements despite the interconnectedness of the cyberspace. It was against this background, that this study leverages on Theory of Endogenous Growth Model to interrogate impact of cyberspace on the protection of critical national assets and infrastructures in Nigeria. The study deconstruct national assets into education and financial sectors to assess the existing impact. This study adopts qualitative research design using exploratory research design of publicly available archive documents. Empirical evidence from study revealed that cyberspace has expanded the virtual learning horizon while cyber attacks still remain on the minimal. Findings that emanate from this study revealed cyberspace has positively impacted on the Nigeria Financial sector through financial inclusion and transaction conveniences while the damaging effect of cyberattacks remained largely covered up. The study recommends that all players in the educational sector should invest widely in cybersecurity as days of imminent cyberattacks is on the horizon as seen evolving in developed clime. Study also recommend that government should firm up cyberspace policy, and inject collectivism into cyber security plans of sectors as an improvement on the present stand alone security by banks in Nigeria.