Economic Infrastructure Development Research Articles

Examining the Rights of Foreign Tourists in the Law of Afghanistan

Today, travel and tourism are urgent needs of the world's modern culture that all people try to have fun and travel domestically or internationally, which is very important for countries in terms of business and economy. They always try to develop the tourist industry. To attract many tourists to the country, to improve the level of the country's economy, in addition to the development of economic infrastructure, and political and security stability, it is necessary to recognize the rights of tourists in domestic laws. Therefore, in this article, the right to tourism and the general rights of tourists in the legal system of Afghanistan are examined. So, the Afghan legislator recognized the right to tourism, freedom, and general human rights for individuals in the constitution, and according to Article 7 of this law, all the freedoms and general rights that are included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or the treaties that the Afghan government It is a member of foreign citizens, which includes the right to security (life and financial), the right to human dignity, the right to travel and choose residence, the right to privacy, the right to access the consulate, the right to go to court, and the right to access information. It recognizes the necessity and is obliged to observe it in the sovereignty of the government territory, and on the other hand, foreign tourists who come to Afghanistan must observe the norms, culture, and internal laws so as not to be against public opinion and conscience.

Unjust by default: The political economy of Indonesia's local government policy on infrastructure development

The Indonesian government's attention to economic infrastructure development has increased over the last two decades. However, there has been a trend of rampant rent-seeking in infrastructure projects by elites in both local and central governments. Nonetheless, why and how rent-seeking practices in infrastructure projects have been so endemic in Indonesian local government remains poorly understood. This article addresses this by investigating how infrastructure development in local government serves dual functions of economic growth and political commodity by utilising qualitative data obtained from interviews in Central Kalimantan (2016) and East Nusa Tenggara (2020) provinces. This data confirms the existence of infrastructure's dual function, in which official regional development planning documents and accompanying regulations are more likely to function as a legal umbrella for legalising rent-seeking practices. The term ‘unjust by default‘ identifies the practice of rent-seeking by formalising political-economic interests into regional development planning documents and manipulating regulations in order to implement infrastructure development programmes.

Asymmetric Relations Between Indonesia and Singapore

The effort to repatriate funds stored abroad by Indonesian citizens, as part of the 2016 Tax Amnesty Program by the government, was deemed a failure. Only 14% of the expected funds were brought back into the country. This is very disappointing, considering the government needs substantial funds to support the financing of Indonesia's economic development, especially physical economic infrastructure development. Given that a significant portion of the funds held abroad by Indonesians is in Singapore and that the Indonesian government had requested Singapore's assistance to facilitate the repatriation of these funds, this phenomenon raises interesting questions. There are even suspicions that the Singaporean government did not care enough, and may have even hindered these repatriation efforts. This paper attempts to highlight this issue and place it within the study of a central concept in political science and international relations, namely power. Considering physical geographical size (Indonesia being the largest), demographic (the largest population), and economic (the largest GDP), why can the much larger country not influence the smaller one? Why is “Goliath” powerless in front of “Lilliput”? This case triggers a theoretical discussion about the meaning of power in political science and international relations analysis. How is power discussed in this body of knowledge? Among the various approaches in the literature, one that aptly describes the situation where the "large" is powerless against the "small" is Benjamin Cohen's "power of the balance of payment."

The impact of official development assistance on foreign direct investment: the case of Japanese firms in India

While there is no clear answer to the overall impact of Official Development Assistance (ODA) on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), it has been pointed out that Japanese ODA promotes its FDI. However, the mechanism of ODA’s impact on FDI has not been fully examined at the micro level, as most previous studies have used macro-level data. Therefore, this study examines the impact of ODA on FDI at the micro level in India, where an increase in ODA and FDI from Japan have been observed in recent years. Interviews were conducted with three Japanese firms and five Japanese public organizations, while questionnaires were administered to 33 Japanese firms. The results reveal that ODA effectively promotes FDI, albeit to a lesser extent than other FDI determinants. Economic infrastructure development through ODA, the expectations of such development, and the reception of orders for ODA Loan projects, promote FDI. Furthermore, the role of public institutions, including providing information to firms and acting as intermediaries with the government, is more effective in promoting FDI than ODA. Based on these results, in light of the OLI theory, it is suggested that a possible mechanism is that Japanese ODA promotes FDI by enhancing the “Ownership Specific Advantages” of Japanese firms and the “Location Advantages” of recipient countries. The novelty of this study lies in its clarification of the mechanism through which ODA promotes FDI from a micro-perspective, as revealed by a questionnaire survey conducted among firms. The FDI-promoting effects of ODA for economic infrastructure and ODA Loan suggested in this study not only contributes to the academic community but also have important implications for ODA policymakers.

Analyzing land use changes in Grogol District, Sukoharjo, Indonesia: A study from 2013 to 2019

The phenomenon of land use change in Grogol District, Sukoharjo Regency, between 2013 and 2019. The district, which was previously primarily an agricultural area with rice fields, has experienced a shift in land use towards settlements and shopping/industrial centers. Grogol District is a crucial access road connecting Surakarta City with Wonogiri Regency, making it a strategic location for industrial development. The study aims to analyze the changes in land use in Grogol District during the specified time frame and identify the factors influencing these changes. The research utilizes the comparison and overlay methods, using data on land use from 2013 and 2019. The findings indicate that the dominant change in land use is the conversion of paddy fields into industrial land, covering an area of 127.96 hectares. Several factors contribute to these changes, including the growth of economic facilities, population, and population density. Additionally, the district’s adjacency to Surakarta City plays a role in the land use transformation. As Surakarta City faces limitations in available land for development, the economic infrastructure development has been redirected to Grogol District.

Infrastructure Development in Rayalaseema Region of Andhra Pradesh

Rayalaseema is located between the Eastern Ghats and Deccan Plateau in the state of Andhra Pradesh and consists of eight districts. During the Vijayanagara era, the region was ruled by Sri Krishnadevaraya. This paper focuses on the current economic infrastructure development activities of the Rayalaseema region. Effective infrastructure development is a prerequisite for economic growth since it can increase productivity, improve the functioning of other economic sectors, and alleviate poverty.

Demedication without demedicalization? Redefining the medical and economic boundaries of veterinary professional jurisdiction

Veterinarians’ professional jurisdiction is nowadays facing major challenges. Regulatory changes in the prescribing and dispensing of medicines, which have historically been at the heart of veterinary jurisdiction, could fragilize the medical power of this professional group. This article analyses the practices and strategies deployed by veterinarians to preserve and readapt their jurisdiction, by discussing recent work in sociology of professions and reflecting on how the case of veterinarians could help rethink the contrasting case of human doctors.This article is based on two field studies in France (in diverse livestock sectors) made of more than 40 interviews and 70 h of ethnographic observation of veterinary activity. We first show how veterinarians’ jurisdiction over medicines was built up and how their professional autonomy is put under pressure by recent injunctions to demedicate livestock and to develop preventive approaches to animal health. We then detail how the economic and medical boundaries of veterinary jurisdiction are being redefined through dynamics of protocolization and contractualization of care which allow veterinarians to impose themselves as health managers. Finally, we demonstrate that this situation favors the emergence of new forms of professional legitimacy based on an “evidence-based veterinary medicine” that their competitors cannot contest, and on the development of economic infrastructures that supports and makes it possible to monetize this new professional expertise.Finally, this article discusses contemporary processes of medical professionalization. It argues that, unlike human medicine, veterinary medicine has been able to maintain its professional power even if its historical jurisdiction has been reshaped. This has required a redefinition of professional activity both as a medical (i.e. approaches to animal health) and economic (i.e. business model of veterinary companies) practice.

دور الاتصال والتواصل في مدن التوابع المعلوماتية

This research attempts to trace the most significant development caused by the information revolution, namely "the Communication Technology" which reduced the distances between different urban communities, or within a single one, eliminated the geographical boundaries and the transformed the world into a global village. This led to the emergence of new forms and bodies to those urban communities; perhaps the most important is the fragmentation of the major cities and the emergence of (Satellite Cities) with global links, rather than hinterlands to the local capital cities as in the past. But in spite of the technological tide of communications and its inevitable impacts, it stays, with all its possibilities, a reaction that occurs only in one direction and within the limits of no more than sending and receiving nothing more. This is what Arab cities had seen in the recent stages of their change.Here arises the problem of the emergence of the communication act as a "Dogmatic" because the whole world revolved around the communications network ... Which in turn became the heart of the system of this era. In light of this problem, this research has sought to find the act parallel if not alternative that will fold the " Communication " between its wings, making it, the stage of the process of response and interaction surpassing the limits of sending and receiving. In other words the transition fromimporting technology to the process of contributing to its production. This only takes place through the investment of the Communications Technology to achieve that which is the highest and noblest, posed in this research by the "Communicativeness" between communities. To achieve this goal it took the building of the theoretical framework, in the light of which we put forward the hypothesis of the research that reads (Communication in its technological dimension and Communicativeness in its social dimension, both, play a role in the formulation of Satellite Cities of the twenty-first century through their essential impact on the physical, social and economic infrastructure development of those cities). The research, then, sought to test the validity of this hypothesis and draw conclusions and recommendations.

Fiscal Policy of Economic Development: Comparative Characteristics of Ukraine and Poland

A comparative analysis of the fiscal policy of Poland and Ukraine has been conducted in the academic paper in the context of its impact on economic development. In particular, the effectiveness of the application of the following instruments of fiscal policy has been compared, namely: state budget deficit, state budget expenditures and their structure, state budget revenues, their structure and tax benefits, as well as state debt policy. The basic advantages of Poland’s fiscal policy over Ukraine’s fiscal policy have been outlined. The attention is focused on the shortcomings of the fiscal policy of Ukraine from the point of view of its impact on economic growth, as well as ways of optimizing fiscal instruments, taking into account the experience of Poland. Purpose: a comparative analysis of the fiscal policy of Poland and Ukraine in order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of its impact on economic development, as well as to outline the vectors of adaptation of the best experience for the national economy. Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to achieve the purpose outlined, the following methods have been used, namely: analysis and synthesis; economic and statistical analysis and comparison; economic and mathematical; generalization. Results. It has been proved that the fiscal policy of Poland is aimed at the development of economic infrastructure and building an economic model of the state based on the manufacture of products with a high share of value added. It has been substantiated that the fiscal policy of Ukraine does not have significant effects on economic development due to the use of such instruments as public debt and capital expenditures, however, the external debt dependence of the state is quite high. Apart from that, it has been proved that the fiscal policy of Ukraine does not increase the level of economic complexity and development of the processing industry through the implementation of tax benefits. It has been proposed to increase the efficiency of tax authorities in Ukraine in terms of combating the shadow economy, boost the share of capital expenditures and raise the level of conversion of public debt into economic growth.

A Study on the Growth and Extent of Economic Infrastructure Development of Haryana

The building of new infrastructure is an extremely important component of overall economic growth. Infrastructure is viewed as both a pacesetter and a predecessor for the expansion of an economy, and it is also regarded as one of the most significant determinants of economic growth. The levels of economic development are directly proportional to the levels of infrastructure that already exist. There are a few prerequisites that need to be met in order to accomplish the goal of sustainable development, which is to improve everyone's standard of living. The development process as a whole is significantly impacted by infrastructure. The importance of infrastructure to economic growth has been discussed at length by a number of economists. In fact, developmental activities depend upon infrastructure facilities. It is thought of as the necessary step before development can occur. If we are to fulfill our professed purpose of a self-accelerated process of economic development, then progress in development must be preceded, accompanied, and followed by progress in infrastructure. This paper studied the growth of economic infrastructure development of Haryana.

ANGOLAN PORT INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE COMPETITIVENESS IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY

<p>Africa has nine transit corridors, two intra-regional corridors and two main east-west corridors. Africa accounts for about 13% of the world´s population and includes 54 countries, of which 38 have coastline access along the continent´s 30,490 Km of coastline and 16 are landlocked. However, 90% of the volume of cargo between Africa and the world is transported by sea, which typifies the importance of port infrastructure in economic development. This research presents a comparative analysis of the port infrastructures in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) based on the weight capacity that the ports support, waiting time for ships in ports, the connection of infrastructure networks, the growth of GDP per capita and the entry of ships in the country during the year by type of cargo. Similarly, determinant factors of port infrastructure management were identified. The objective is to characterize the competitive position of Angolan’s port infrastructure in the SADC context. The results show that Angola’s port infrastructure is not the worst in SADC. However, the lack of good roads and railroads reduce its competitiveness in relation to Namibian and South African port infrastructure.<br /> <br /><strong>JEL:</strong> R40; R41</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0022/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Balancing economic development and construction waste management in emerging economies: A longitudinal case study of Shenzhen, China guided by the environmental Kuznets curve

A common dilemma in emerging economies is how to balance economic development and environmental protection. This dilemma is particularly evident in the construction industry, which materializes housing and infrastructure for economic development while generating huge amou of construction waste, which, if not properly managed, could lead to serious environmental degradation. This study aims to explore useful strategies for balancing economic development and construction waste management (CWM) in emerging economies. It does so by adopting a mixed-method approach organized in a longitudinal case study of Shenzhen, China; an emerging economy that has successfully balanced the two goals. Firstly, based on quantitative data, an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is developed to indicate Shenzhen's dynamic evolvement of economic development and CWM over time. Then, qualitative research is conducted to understand the experiences behind Shenzhen's EKC evolvement. These experiences are distilled into: (1) strong economic support, (2) strong government interventions, (3) a thriving recycling market, (4) advanced recycling technologies, and (5) making use of major events as a catalyst. This study provides a useful reference for the dilemma of economic development and CWM in emerging economies and for deployment of proper strategies to address this dilemma.

Potential Regional Economic Development Strategy of Sota Border

Sota District has very rich natural potential so that it can be developed as a source of the community's economy. To create a prosperous society, a strategy for developing economic potential is needed. Based on this, this study aims to analyze the strategy for developing economic potential in the Sota Border area. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative with interview and documentation data collection methods. The data analysis used is triangulation. The results of the study show that the strategies found in Sota Regency for the development of economic potential include: 1) optimizing and controlling the use of natural resources; 2) accelerating the development of economic infrastructure and improving the investment climate at land borders, spatial planning in land border areas, accelerating the construction of facilities and infrastructure for Sota Cross Border Posts (PLBN); and 3) increasing the strength of human resources through the empowerment process for developing productive community business activities, developing cross-border trade and sub-regional economic and tourism cooperation with the aim of changing behavior and creating self-reliance. The implication of this research is the need for the role of government and experts in optimizing strategies to develop economic potential.

MSME Entrepreneurial Assistance in Sumbersekar Village using E-commerce and Marketplace Applications

The strategic issue faced by the Sumbersekar Village government located in the Dau sub-district, Malang Regency in 2020 is the lack of community welfare development, despite the availability of superior human resources so which caused the stunting among rural communities. One of those lacks was community economic infrastructure development. The purpose of the MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) Entrepreneurial Assistance activity in Sumbersekar Village is to provide IT infrastructure and its briefing to support MSME entrepreneurial economic activities amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The application in this activity expects to be solution (infrastructure). The activity was carried out through 6 stages: Expert judgment; Evaluation and revision of infrastructure; Developing curriculum and modules; Socialization and recruiting participants; Training and mentoring; and Evaluation of activities. The results of the overall evaluation are: The training is limited to participants and with a strict process because it is still in the PPKM (Indonesian abbreviation version of Implementation of Restrictions on Social Activities) period, the training facilities in the village are less than optimal so they are not comfortable for participants, the material deliverances is less than optimal due to meeting restrictions and limited absorption capacity of participants. The conclusion of the activity is: There is an increase in the expertise of the MSME entrepreneurship in Sumbersekar Village, MSMEs have a new way of doing entrepreneurship digitally using e-commerce and social media. The implementation of IT briefing for MSME entrepreneurs so that they can maintain their business amid this pandemic by migrating to e-commerce and marketplaces.

Economic Infrastructure Development in Bangladesh through Sukuk Financing

Economic Infrastructure Development in Bangladesh through Sukuk Financing

The effects of health conditions on financial sector development

The relationship between the financial sector and health sector has been under investigated in the literature. Based on the efficiency wage theory, one can conjecture that a healthy worker, unlike the unhealthy one, can work, save, and contribute more to widening the financial sector. Using panel data over the period 1995–2016, we examine whether improvements in health conditions can help explain the expansion of the financial system in Sub-Saharan Africa. The results indicate that better health conditions contribute to financial development. Specifically, higher life expectancy, lower infant mortality, higher health expenditure, and lower out-of-pocket expenditure significantly contribute to financial sector development. These results suggest that better health conditions increase domestic savings and foster financial development. The study, therefore, enhances the importance of health status and spending on health infrastructure in economic development and calls on policymakers to invest in human health.

Short-term and Long-term Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment on the Development of Iran’s Health Sector

Background: The health sector (health care sector) is considered one of the key sectors in every country and is known as an infrastructure in economic development since the factor directly affects labor productivity and increases production and economic growth. Thus, the health system’s quality may be considered a crucial and attractive factor of foreign direct investment (FDI) along with infrastructures like education, labor, and research and development costs.
 Objectives: The present study evaluated the short-term and long-term impacts of foreign direct investment on the development of the health sector.
 Methods: According to the time series data, the ARDL method tests the research hypotheses from 1981 to 2020. The present method can use data of nature I (0) and I (1) simultaneously.
 Results: During the years 1982 to 2021 with the increase of foreign capital in the health sector of Iran, health indicators have changed significantly. The rates of some diseases have decreased and in the meantime, the financial resources needed for the health sector have been provided to some extent. According to the coefficients, the highest impact on health expenditures in the short term, foreign directs investment and the lowest impact on the percentage of people living with AIDS.
 Conclusions: The research findings indicate that foreign direct investment has had positive and significant impacts on the development of the health sector in Iran in both the short and long terms.

Influence of distribution of zakat, Infaq And Shadaqah (ZIS), inflation and human capital on economic growth in Indonesia 2002-2021

Economic growth is one of the standards used to be able to see the success of economic development in a country. Indonesia, as a developing country, is actively carrying out development in a planned and gradual manner, without neglecting efforts for equity and stability. National development seeks to achieve high economic growth. Which in the end allows the realization of an increase in the standard of living and welfare of all people. In other words, a country that experiences high economic growth will be able to have a high effect on other fields, because when a country experiences economic growth, the national income of a country will be boosted up so that it can be allocated for financing economic infrastructure development. This study aims to determine the effect of zakat, infaq and shadaqah (ZIS), inflation and human capital on economic growth. This study uses time series data through data obtained at BPS from 2002-2021 as many as 20 samples with multiple linear regression method with SPSS. The results show that simultaneously zakat, infaq and shadaqah (ZIS), inflation and human capital have an effect on economic growth. Partially zakat, infaq and shadaqah (ZIS) and human capital have an effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, inflation has no effect on economic growth.

Chinese belt and road investments in south Asia under the influence of multiple social crises and natural disasters

One Belt One Road initiative is one of the mammoth infrastructure development projects that the world has seen in the recent past. With the visionary thinking of President Xi Jinping, the One Belt One Road significantly contributes to the economic infrastructure development of many continents including Asia, Europe, Africa, and South America. Although the recipient countries are significantly benefitted by receiving the financial aid under the One Belt One Road initiatives, economic and political activists raise grave concerns over the true intention of China. The present perspective analyzes both merits and demerits of implementing the One Belt One Road initiative in South Asia which is frequented by multiple social crises and natural disasters.

Asymmetric linkages between public-private partnership, environmental innovation, and transport emissions

No one denied the significant role of transportation infrastructure in economic development; however, it is also considered a major contributor to global warming. Therefore, to achieve sustainable development, it is imperative to transform the transport sector investment into low-carbon transportation choices. The public-private partnership investment in the transport sector could be proved a suitable tool for sustainable transport and efficiency. Therefore, we investigate the significance of public-private partnership investment (PPP) on transport emissions by incorporating the role of environmental innovation, economic growth, and population. Our preliminary findings confirm that all variables are abnormally distributed and embodied with structural breaks that distort true parameters in traditional regression. In compliance, we employ Quantile ARDL (QARDL) technique which provides more reliable results in case of non-normality, dynamic trends, and structural changes in data. The long-run empirical outcomes indicate that PPP reduces transport emissions mainly from middle (40th) to highest (95th) emissions quantiles. Similarly, environmental innovation reduces transport emissions from 60th to 95th quantiles. These results imply that the emissions-mitigating effect of PPP and environmental innovation is only pronounced at higher levels of transport emissions. The results provide valuable policy recommendations.