Fiscal Policy of Economic Development: Comparative Characteristics of Ukraine and Poland

Abstract

A comparative analysis of the fiscal policy of Poland and Ukraine has been conducted in the academic paper in the context of its impact on economic development. In particular, the effectiveness of the application of the following instruments of fiscal policy has been compared, namely: state budget deficit, state budget expenditures and their structure, state budget revenues, their structure and tax benefits, as well as state debt policy. The basic advantages of Poland’s fiscal policy over Ukraine’s fiscal policy have been outlined. The attention is focused on the shortcomings of the fiscal policy of Ukraine from the point of view of its impact on economic growth, as well as ways of optimizing fiscal instruments, taking into account the experience of Poland. Purpose: a comparative analysis of the fiscal policy of Poland and Ukraine in order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of its impact on economic development, as well as to outline the vectors of adaptation of the best experience for the national economy. Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to achieve the purpose outlined, the following methods have been used, namely: analysis and synthesis; economic and statistical analysis and comparison; economic and mathematical; generalization. Results. It has been proved that the fiscal policy of Poland is aimed at the development of economic infrastructure and building an economic model of the state based on the manufacture of products with a high share of value added. It has been substantiated that the fiscal policy of Ukraine does not have significant effects on economic development due to the use of such instruments as public debt and capital expenditures, however, the external debt dependence of the state is quite high. Apart from that, it has been proved that the fiscal policy of Ukraine does not increase the level of economic complexity and development of the processing industry through the implementation of tax benefits. It has been proposed to increase the efficiency of tax authorities in Ukraine in terms of combating the shadow economy, boost the share of capital expenditures and raise the level of conversion of public debt into economic growth.