Asian Infrastructure Research Articles

Introduction: mapping the music and video streaming landscape and its disruptions in Southeast Asia

ABSTRACT This article introduces the special issue of Mapping the Music and Video Streaming Landscape and its Disruptions in Southeast Asia by identifying three ways in which the special issue engages with the broader scholarship on streaming. In it, we discuss how our special issue converses with scholarly debates about the disruptive nature of streaming, how the unique qualities of streaming infrastructure in Southeast Asia resonates with scholarship on other global South contexts, and how both the commonalities and variations within Southeast Asia that our special issue makes apparent can be likened to what other scholars have observed of the disjunctive and overlapping nature of the European market.

Analysis of Receivables Turnover at PT. Primarindo Asia Infrastructure Tbk Bandung 2019-2021 Period

PT Primarindo Asia Infrastructure Tbk Bandung, a company specializing in the production and marketing of sports/casual footwear, has faced fluctuations in receivables and an annual increase in provisions for the impairment of receivables during the period 2019-2020. This indicates challenges in receivables management and an escalation of the risk of payment failure by debtors. The objective of this research is to analyze receivables turnover and identify obstacles as well as efforts made by PT Primarindo Asia Infrastructure Tbk Bandung in addressing receivables turnover issues. This research utilizes a descriptive quantitative approach to analyze data by illustrating situations using numerical figures, which are subsequently analyzed to present research findings in the form of a research report. Data collection methods involve non-participant observation and interviews. Data analysis techniques use receivables turnover ratios and average collection periods, applying evaluation standards based on Kasmir's theory. Based on the research findings, it is revealed that receivables turnover from 2019 to 2021 is below the evaluation standard set by Kasmir's theory, stating that the ideal receivables turnover is around 15 times.

Implementation of the power generation program by the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) to improve the economy in Bangladesh

This article examines the effectiveness of programs carried out by the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) in encouraging economic investment and infrastructure connectivity in Asia. Specifically, the author will analyze AIIB assistance in Bangladesh in the electrical energy sector. AIIB is a multinational development bank initiated by China to encourage infrastructure in Asia. In terms of long-term funding for infrastructure sub-projects such as sub-projects in the areas of power production, ICT, cross-regional transportation, etc., AIIB has emerged as one of the most important development partners for Bangladesh. This paper aims to answer how effective the implementation of the electricity sector program by AIIB is in improving the economy in Bangladesh. To examine this topic, the author refers to Development theory and the concept of Global Governance. The results of the author's analysis show that most of the assistance provided by AIIB in Bangladesh focuses on the electrical energy sector, this is a response to the electricity crisis which is hampering the Bangladesh economy. The results of implementing the program are considered quite effective because it succeeded in distributing electricity evenly in villages and encouraging development renewable and low-carbon electrical energy infrastructure. However, this program can also be considered less effective because it has not been able to encourage Bangladesh to maximize its own natural resources to guarantee its electricity supply due to the low share of the renewable energy market in Bangladesh's electricity.

Water infrastructure in Central Asia: legal and institutional frameworks

This article examines existing arrangements for the operation, maintenance and construction of water infrastructure of interstate use in Central Asia. The Central Asian countries take diverse approaches to joint management of key water infrastructure of interstate use, with some country owned facilities operated by regional organizations, some owned and operated by the country of location with operation and maintenance cost shared with another country and others owned, operated and funded by the country other than country of location. This diversity is due to the need to accommodate to new political, socio-economic and technical circumstances after gaining independence in 1992. The findings suggest that achievements on coordinated management of water infrastructure largely built in the Soviet time should be further strengthened in terms of better financial and technical mechanisms. It is also important to agree on region-specific provisions on prior notification procedures in cases of proposed use on transboundary rivers that might have a transboundary impact and on the joint and mutually beneficial construction of new facilities of interstate use.

Rhetorical coercion, institutional legitimacy and the creation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

AbstractThis article centres around one singular yet substantively important empirical puzzle: why did the United States fail to delegitimate the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank? I argue that a crucial factor missing from existing analyses is China's rhetorical coercion. To substantiate this argument, I first reconstruct from the perspective of framing the US‐China rhetorical contestation over the AIIB at the early stage. This results in the identification of seven competing frames pertaining to the purpose and procedural legitimacy of the bank: Sub‐standard, Tool and Rival promoted by the United States; High‐quality, Equality, Complement and Welcome Change by China. To flesh out China's rhetorical coercion, I gauge the coercive power of the frames identified before zooming in on Complement and Welcome Change and uncovering therein three coercive claims: shortfalls in Asia's infrastructure finance, weaknesses in the existing system of international financial institutions and inconsistency in the US approach to the AIIB and China's rise. These claims considerably restricted the room for the United States to engage in principled opposition, and in tandem with developments favourable to the AIIB (not least the participation of Western countries), enabled China to rhetorically coerce the United States.

Analisis Pengaruh Sales Growth Dan Firm Size Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada PT.Primarindo Asia Infrastruktur Tbk

This study aims to examine the effect of sales growth and firm size on firm value. This type of research includes quantitative research using secondary data obtained from the analysis of financial statements on the website www.idx.co.id. The population in this research is the financial statements of PT. Primarindo Asia Infrastructure Tbk for 12 years (2013-2023). The method used in selecting the sample was purposive sampling and determining the sample based on the criteria set by the researcher with a 10-year sample. Based on secondary results of data processing using multiple linear regression analysis, F test, t test, it is known that sales growth and firm size simultaneously have a significant effect on firm value. Partially, the results of this study indicate that the sales growth variable has no positive and significant effect on firm value. Meanwhile, firm size has a negative and significant effect on firm value. Sales growth and company size have a positive and significant effect on firm value.

Japan, the European Union and Global Governance by Eiji Ogawa et al.

Reviewed by: Japan, the European Union and Global Governance by Eiji Ogawa et al. Marie Söderberg (bio) Japan, the European Union and Global Governance. Edited by Eiji Ogawa, Kolja Raube, Dimitri Vanoverbeke, and Jan Wouters with Camille Van der Vorst. Edward Elgar, 2021. xii, 243 pages. $125.00, cloth; $40.00, E-book. The literature on EU-Japan relations, especially in the field of global governance, has so far been rather limited. The reason for this, from a historical point of view, is that those relations, always much talked about, have been weak with few mutual initiatives or actions. The nine chapters in this [End Page 259] book offer different angles on the EU-Japan relationship. Their goal is to understand and assess the growing cooperation and solidarity between the EU and Japan, not only in the field of economics where relations have been intensive, but also in the field of politics, in the midst of growing global tension. While other books have taken broader perspectives such as geopolitical changes with the rise of China and crises of liberalism and the U.S. role in changing EU-Japan relations, 1 this book focuses more on the EU and Japan as actors and not on in-depth analyses of surrounding factors that affect the relationship. In 2018 both an economic partnership agreement (EPA) and a strategic partnership agreement (SPA) based on shared norms and values were signed. And in 2019 the signing of the Partnership on Sustainable Connectivity and Quality Infrastructure with its objective to "promote free, open, rule based, fair, nondiscriminatory and predictable regional and international trade and investment" aimed at cooperation in the development of infrastructure in Europe and Asia and formation of an alternative to the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). What is driving all these new EU-Japan initiatives and how should we assess their impact on global governance? That is the question the book wants to answer. The volume takes a multidisciplinary view, mostly from various economic perspectives, even if economics and politics nowadays seem more interconnected than ever. Sometimes the relationship is seen here from an EU perspective and sometimes from a Japanese one. The first part of the book situates EU-Japan cooperation in global governance. The chapter by Kolje Raube, Alex Andrione-Moyne, and Jan Wouters frames cooperation within the EU's multilateral approach to global governance where the EU integration project itself can be seen as a kind of multilateral cooperation. Although EU policy objectives were considered to be best served in an international system based on rules and multilateralism, this has not ruled out other forms of cooperation such as bilateralism, and here EU-Japan relations constitute a key strategic relationship. Recently, however, non-Western powers have gained more power and started to question the existing multilateral order. So did the United States under the administration of Donald Trump and so also have certain European states. The EU faces problems adapting to this new world order. This chapter looks at the EU's normative commitment to multilateralism and its international practice in times of contestation. It shows how the EU is reorienting toward an "interest focused" geopolitical outlook where Japan can be seen as an anchoring partner in Asia. Ryo Oshiba mainly takes a historical perspective to research Japanese involvement in financial governance in the World Bank and the G7 summits. [End Page 260] His chapter looks for lessons learned from Japan's past experience with the Asian financial crisis, among others. Some conclusions are drawn about the role Japan can play in global governance. According to this author, the Japanese experience in development finance indicates that Japan will be able to present a development model that synthesizes the Chinese and Western models. Both the Japanese East Asian Miracle model and the Chinese model emphasize the role of government in promoting economic growth. The author forgets to point out that the East Asian Miracle report was heavily criticized at the time of its publication (1993) and proof was presented that it might not have been economic intervention by governments that created growth in East Asia. Rather, growth was created through superior accumulation of physical and human capital and the...

The Economic Impact of the UzTE16M3 Diesel Locomotive on the Marokand-Kattakurgan Railway Section

The Role of FDI and Rail Transport in the Economic Development of Central Asia. This paper examines the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) and rail transport in the economic development of Central Asia. The paper begins by providing an overview of the economic development of the region, with a focus on the role of FDI. The paper then discusses the role of rail transport in the region, and the implications of the growth in rail freight between China and Europe. The paper concludes by discussing the challenges and opportunities facing Central Asia in the coming years. Central Asia has attracted significant FDI in recent years, due to the region’s abundant natural resources, its strategic location, and its improving business environment. FDI has helped to improve the infrastructure in Central Asia, and has also created jobs and boosted economic growth. Rail transport is also a key driver of economic growth in Central Asia. The growth in rail freight between China and Europe is a positive development for Central Asia, as it provides an opportunity for the region to become a major transit hub. However, Central Asia still faces a number of challenges, such as political instability and economic volatility. If Central Asia can overcome these challenges, it has the potential to become a major economic player in the years to come.

ERIA CONTRIBUTION TO DEVELOPMENT OF ASEAN INFRASTRUCTURE THROUGH COMPREHENSIVE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP)

This study aims to analyse ERIA’s contribution as an international organization and economic research institute, in its’ involvement to support the ASEAN infrastructure development through Comprehensive Asian Development Plan (CADP). CADP was first submitted to the East Asia Summit in 2010, to implant and to pursue both deepening economic integration and narrowing development gaps by illustrating a grand spatial design of both economic infrastructure and industrial placement in ASEAN and East Asia. It also explained further about the digital development which has happened in East Asia and reviewed every five years. Authors used a descriptive qualitative research methodology towards the contribution made by ERIA in infrastructure building of ASEAN. From our findings, we can conclude that CADP, in line with the goals set in ASEAN Community Pillars, made development and infrastructure growth in ASEAN increased significantly, and will continue to do so from the phases set in their goals.
 Keywords: ASEAN, infrastructure, development, ICT, CADP, Community Pillars, economy.

Strengthening community-led development of adaptive pathways to rural resilient infrastructure in Asia and the Pacific

ABSTRACT Adaptive Pathways (APs) enable holistic preparedness for infrastructure assets management across their life cycle, especially in face of disasters. Affected rural communities lose their habitat, food and livelihoods, and access to connectivity. Nevertheless, they can still take ownership and contribute in developing APs for building resilient infrastructure and enhancing combined resilience (physical, economic, community). A coding-based weighted model is used to analyse 8 Case Studies. Key findings are: (a) Strengthening of communities and local institutions through capacity building (communications APs) from inception is prerequisite for combined resilience. This is significant even in absence of other AP factors including evidence-based policy, governance, innovation; (b) Capacity building should focus on designing local resource-based approaches [LRBA], nature-based solutions [NBS], and community indigenous knowledge thereby improving other AP factors; (c) Policy formulation on asset management and quality assurance should be pre-requisite for mobilisation and funds allocation to strengthen community-led APs for combined resilience.

The Implementation of Smart Mobility for Smart Cities: A Case Study in Qatar

This paper contributes to building a systematic view of the mobility characteristics of smart cities by reviewing the lessons learned from the best practices implemented around the world. The main features of smart cities, such as smart homes, smart infrastructure, smart operations, smart services, smart utilities, smart energy, smart governance, smart lifestyle, smart business, and smart mobility in North America, Asia, and Europe are briefly reviewed. The study predominantly focuses on smart mobility features and their implications in newly built smart cities. As a case study, the modern city of Lusail located in the north of Doha, Qatar is considered. The provision of car park management and guidance, real-time traffic signal control, traffic information system, active-modes arrangement in promenade and busy urban avenues, LRT, buses, taxis, and water taxis information system, and multimodal journey planning facilities in the Lusail smart city is discussed in this study. Consequently, the implications of smart mobility features on adopting Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) will be studied. The study demonstrates that the implementation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) when supported by Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), could result in making the most efficient use of existing transportation infrastructure and consequently improve the safety and security, mobility, and the environment in urban areas. The findings of this study could be considered an initial step in the implementation of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) in cities with advanced public transportation such as Doha, the capital of Qatar. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-10-09 Full Text: PDF

A review of rural and peri-urban sanitation infrastructure in South-East Asia and the Western Pacific: Highlighting regional inequalities and limited data.

Rural and peri-urban communities in developing countries rely on sanitation systems which are often unsafely managed. One of the major barriers to assess safely managed sanitation is a lack of data about the existing sanitation infrastructure and levels of containment safety. The aim was to review rural and peri-urban on-site sanitation studies in order to understand different infrastructure types, associated management practices and any impacts on human health. The scope was limited to South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions in order to better identify regional inequalities. Among the 155 reviewed articles, 73 studies (47%) linked sanitation infrastructure to poor human health. Nearly all articles reported latrine ownership (n=149, 96%) while sanitation infrastructure types were covered less frequently (n=104, 67%). In particular, there was a lack of published literature describing back-end characteristics (dimension and materials) (n=12, 8%) and/or management practices (n=4, 3%). This stems from a limited application of research methodologies that characterise sanitation infrastructure and faecal sludge management (containment, emptying and on-site treatment). Inequality between regions was prevalent with three quarters of the studies on latrine back-end infrastructure from Bangladesh and India in South-East Asia. A strategic research approach is needed to address the current knowledge gaps regarding sanitation infrastructure and safe faecal sludge management.

Dams, Terrorism, and Water Nationalism’s Response to Globalization and Development: The Case of South Asia

ABSTRACT Building on a global research sweep of terrorist organizations’ (as well as other non-state actors such as separatist and insurgent groups) use of fresh water as a target, weapon, or source of control, this paper analyzes attacks on major water projects (specifically dams and other related infrastructure) in South Asia—the region identified to have had the largest number of recorded water-related violent incidents. Focusing on India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, and the post 9/11 period through 2019, the paper explores how large water infrastructures (and their environs) have become hot spots for violence between states that use water development projects to consolidate power, garner local loyalty, and create a national narrative and non-state actors who attempt to target these same projects to assert indigenous self-determination, subvert state power, or challenge state authority through terrorist means. Since fresh water is shared across borders, dam projects can become entangled in regional political disputes further exacerbating violent conflict between state and non-state actors. Given its impacts on water resources, climate change may act as a “threat multiplier” by enhancing local grievances, providing both government and terrorist groups additional incentives for exploitation, and further contributing to instability. The analysis provided here borrows from and contributes to the fields of development, environment and security, and terrorism studies.

Foreign Investment, Infrastructure, and Public-Private Partnership in ASIA

This study investigates private public partnerships (PPP) in Asia by panel analysis. We use data from the World Bank. We use the Panel Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) method. We found that foreign direct investment is more directed at developing real sector businesses rather than infrastructure development using the PPP system in ASIA countries. The lack of infrastructure in developing and low-income nations encourages the existence of public private partnerships to provide infrastructure in ASIA.

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank as A Platform for China's Power Expansion

China has known as a new rival of the United States of Amerika which has good economic growth. China tries to be a new superpower country in the world, it can be seen since the 1940s when China expands its economy' power to others. But, the goal of China was unsuccessful because of the power of the USA in an economy that hegemony the international institution such Bretton Wood, that goal of China widely spreads when China established the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank which can be used to challenge Bretton Wood institutions. The aims of this journal to analyze the hegemony and the interest of China behinds the establishing of AIIB, and the aim of AIIB itself. To understand this case deeply, the writer is using dependency theory by Dos Santos which explained the international economic system that only brings benefits for those who had the capital. And this paper is using a descriptive qualitative method which based on secondary data such collecting data from books, journal, and validity news that can be helped

Pengaruh Liabilitas dan Ekuitas Terhadap Profitabilitas Pada PT. Primarindo Asia Infrastructure Tbk

This Study Aims To Determine The Effect Of Liabilities And Equity On Profitability. Indicators To Measure Profitability Use Return On Equity (Roe), While Liabilities Use The Ratio Of Short-Term Debt To Equity (Stde) And Shareholder Equity Using The Ratio Of Prorietary Ratio (Pr). This Research Was Conducted At Pt. Primarindo Asia Infrastructure, Tbk. This Type Of Research Is Associative Research. The Sampling Technique Used Is A Non Probability Sampling Technique That Is Purposive Sampling, With The Sample Used Is For 8 Years. The Analysis Technique Used In This Study Is The Classic Assumption Test And Multiple Regression Analysis. Based On The Results Of The Regression Analysis Shows Short-Term Liabilities, And Capital Alone Has No Influence On Profitability Either Partially Or Simultaneously.

The Waltz's Third Level of Analysis and China's Pursuit of Legitimacy Via the AIIB

Since 2016, the Asian Infrastructure and Investment Bank (AIIB) has assisted countries in improving their economic conditions with infrastructure and transport projects. Publicly proposed in 2013 by China's President, Xi Jinping, during his state visit to Indonesia, the AIIB has helped consolidate China's legitimacy as a leading power in Asia and globally. Thus, this paper argues that forming the AIIB was a move to counter the relatively low vote share in the neoliberal's international financial institutions, namely the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the Japan-led Asian Development Bank (ADB). With the added benefit of leading a development institution, more legitimacy is gained via the international system. Since its establishment, AIIB had significantly increased from 57 founding members in 2016 to 103 in 2020. In examining how this translates into China gaining legitimacy from the international system, this paper examined the case of China's AIIB through the Third Level of Analysis in Kenneth Waltz's Neorealism. In his The State, And War, Waltz argued for the "Levels of Analysis" and convinced the third level analyses a state's legitimacy and goals via the international system's responses and interactions. This paper examined the relationship between China's standing in the eyes of the world and the acceptance of AIIB as a legitimate development institution.

ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN BERDASARKAN RASIO ARUS KAS PADA PT PRIMARINDO ASIA INFRASTRUCTURE, TBK. TAHUN 2015 – 2019 YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

This study aims to determine how the financial performance based on the cash flow ratio at PT Primarindo Asia Infrastructure, Tbk. 2015 – 2019 Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research method used is a quantitative method where after all the required data has been collected, the next step is to analyze the collected data to be understood and processed in the form of explanations. After analyzing and discussing the problem, the authors conclude that the cash flow ratio shows poor financial performance, because the average ratio decreases and is below 1. There are only 2 ratios that are considered good, namely the operating cash flow ratio to interest and cash flow ratio operations to capital expenditures.

The impact of infrastructure on trade in Central Asia

This paper aims to investigate the impact of infrastructure on trade in Central Asia based on the data of three countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. Empirical estimations are based on panel data for the period 2010–2018. Infrastructure is measured by quality and quantity indicators. Trade flows are measured by the export and import volumes of each of these countries with their main trade partner countries. The results show that both the quality and quantity of infrastructure in Central Asia have a positive impact on trade flows. However, the positive impact of infrastructure over trade demonstrates a diminishing trend. Given the general remote geographical location of Central Asian countries, the findings of this study indicate that a regional approach to the development of infrastructure is important and that policy towards infrastructure development should be associated with a government policy that facilitates international trade.

The economic geography of infrastructure in Asia: The role of institutions and regional integration

We examine the spillover effects of infrastructure on economic growth after controlling institutions and regional integration. We develop an augmented endogenous growth model to test the complementarity between proximate factors and infrastructure to explain regional growth dynamics. We build a multidimensional infrastructure index, capturing quantitative and qualitative dimensions using the Alkire-Foster method. The empirical analysis is based on 35 Asian economies during the 2006–2016 period using the spatial Durbin panel model. The results show that infrastructures have a positive and significant effect, both direct and spillover, on regional development. The quality of the infrastructure has a relatively higher direct impact, and the quantity has a relatively high spillover effect. These results show that the amount of infrastructure is more beneficial for the regions. On the contrary, quality is more fruitful for the country. Furthermore, the analysis confirms the complementarity of infrastructure with institutions and regional integration, which implies that these factors act as a stimulus to improve the spillover effects of the infrastructure. This analysis supports infrastructure development policies to achieve sustained economic growth in Asia. Infrastructure is a “big push” for these economies to improve their economic status and eliminate poverty. The complementarity of institutions and regional integration requires these factors to be considered in planning infrastructure development policies, particularly for economic corridors.