Infrastructure Competition Research Articles

Infrastructure competitiveness of regencies and cities in Java Island

Regional infrastructure competitiveness is highly influential in regional development. This research aims to: (1) compile the infrastructure competitiveness index for regencies or cities in Java, (2) assess the level of infrastructure competitiveness disparity between regencies or cities, and (3) analyze the relationship between the regional infrastructure competitiveness index and economic growth. In investigating the regional infrastructure competitiveness index, five infrastructure groups were assessed, namely social infrastructure, information technology, transportation, economy, and culture. The infrastructure competitiveness between regions (regencies and cities) was determined by scoring and standardization. The Gibbs & Martins index was used to measure the infrastructure competitiveness gap. Meanwhile, the relationship trend between the infrastructure competitiveness index and regional economic growth was analyzed using crosstabs. For the competitiveness of regional infrastructure in Java, this research observed spatial variations between regencies or cities. Besides, the regional infrastructure competitiveness index is not distributed concentrically and tends to have a diffuse pattern. Different distributions of the competitiveness index were also observed in every group of infrastructure. In general, clusters of high infrastructure competitiveness were observed in each province on the island of Java. The Gibbs & Martins index measurement illustrates Java's high regional infrastructure gap. The gap is due to the infrastructure in development centers and activity centers not being accompanied by infrastructure development in the hinterland areas. The social infrastructure has the highest level of inequality. Besides, this research also found a different relationship between infrastructure competitiveness and economic growth in the provinces.

The Role of Economic Freedom in the Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: Evidence from Former Socialist Countries

This study investigates the role of economic freedom in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) and its impact on economic growth in 15 former socialist countries from 2000 to 2021 through the Generalized Method of Moments estimation method. Our findings suggest that higher economic freedom helps countries attract additional foreign investment. Furthermore, we found that a one-unit increase in the economic freedom index increases the real gross domestic product per capita by 0.019%. The findings also reveal that a 1% increase in FDI leads to a 0.585% surge in real income per capita, whereas trade openness surges income by 1.24%. These results reveal that FDI has a positive impact on economic growth, suggesting that FDI is an important factor driving economic development in former socialist countries. This study also provides policy recommendations based on the findings, highlighting the importance of promoting free and healthy competition, transparency, accountability, and investment in education and infrastructure.

The Infrastructure Competition between the United States and China in Developing Countries

A brief comparative analysis of US and Chinese infrastructure projects is provided. The world-system approach, which sets the objective possibilities and limitations of the strategies of the United States and China as interconnected parts of the world economy and politics, was chosen as the methodological basis. The first part of this article describes the world-system approach, as well as the position of the People’s Republic of China in the modern system of international relations. The second part is devoted to the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative. The third part provides an analysis of counterinitiatives put forward by the United States.

Infrastructure Spending in the Characteristics of the Regions: Towards the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals

Indonesia is faced with challenges by the increasing infrastructure competitiveness globally. In 2019, Indonesia's competitiveness rank declined to 72 nd from 141 countries compared to the previous year (World Economic Forum, 2019). Another challenge is also depicted in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 dealing with the infrastructure as shown at two indicators that still require special attention. So far, the gaps in i nfrastructure development still exist in Indonesia after seeing the region's characteristics. The government also supports infrastructure development with a fiscal decentralization system through the Balancing Fund instrument. This study is aim ed to analyze the effect of Owned-Source Revenues ( OSR ) and Balancing Fund Income on infrastructure development in Indonesia by considering infrastructure mandatory spending and aspects of regional characteristics comprise institutional status, geographical conditions, and economic structure. T his study use s four-panel data regression modeling and the Generalised Method of Moment (GMM) method for analysis . The results showed that government intervention in mandatory infrastructure spending could moderate the influence of OSR and Balancing Fund income on infrastructure development. In testing based on regional characteristics, the impact of OSR and Speci fic Grant ( Dana Alokasi Khusus/ DAK ) on infrastructure development is higher. It has a positive value in regions with better financial independence (urban, Java-Sumatra, and metropolitan). Otherwise, the influence of Block Grant ( Dana Alokasi Umum/ DAU) and Shared Nontax Revenues ( Dana Bagi Hasil/ DBH) on infrastructure development is stronger. It has a significant positive value in regions with a lower financial independence category (district, non-Java-Sumatra, and non-metropolitan). This research also provides novelty in an analysis of mandatory spending on infrastructure. The central government can use the results of this study to make priorities or maximize the potential of Subnational Governments (SNGs) in infrastructure development, and the ultimate goal is the achievement of the Infrastructure SDGs in Indonesia. Keywords: Infrastructure, Fiscal Decentralization, Regional Characteristics, GMM

Evaluation Model Construction of Competitiveness of Sports Tourism Characteristic Towns through IoT Applications

As the development of sports industry, new business type is also a breakthrough in the development of new urbanization, and it will become a new economic point to promote economic development in the future. In this paper, the “Jewel” model is utilized to dissect the records that influence the center competitiveness of humble communities with sports characteristics, and the loads of the files are examined, and the principal component analysis (PAC) is utilized to build the evaluation model of the center competitiveness of unassuming communities. Finally, a “factor model” is constructed for evaluation. Through the quantitative analysis of the influencing factors, the index system is formed, which is composed of 6 first-level indicators, 23 second-level indicators, and 45 third-level indicators, including environmental resources, characteristic industry competitiveness, infrastructure competitiveness, overall layout, government support, and funding sources. Furthermore, this carries on the weight examination to the list, as per the investigation result advances the idea for the future improvement of the games trademark town, and gives the premise to the improvement of the games trademark town.

Indonesia Evolving Sovereign Wealth Fund: A Literature Review

Indonesian Investment Authority (INA) which is considered as the Indonesia's sovereign wealth fund was established under government regulation (PP) No.74/2020. This regulation is derived from Act No.11/2020 regarding the employment creation. INA is formed to build wealth for future generations and contribute to Indonesia's sustainable economic development. The objective of INA is to support national economic recovery by attracting foreign investment in providing funding for various key sector projects. INA offers 8 key investment sectors, namely: Infrastructure, Supply Chain and Logistic, Digital Infrastructure, Green Investing, Healthcare, Financial Service, Consumer and Technology, Tourism. The capital sources of INA are formed from state budget (APBN) in 2020 as much as Rp. 15 Trillion (US$ 1.05 billion), from state-owned enterprises (BRI and Mandiri Bank) as much as Rp. 60 trillion (US$ 4.5 billion). It is expected that INA will continue its growth through investor partnership to reach agreement of additional US$ 20 billion fund in the near future (http://www.ina.go.id). Prior to establishing Indonesian Investment Authority (INA), Government of Indonesia has formed various different kind of investment agencies, namely: Pengelola Investasi Pemerintah (PIP) established in 2007, PT. Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (Persero) established in 2009, Indonesia Infrastructure Finance (IIF) established in 2010. They were primarily devoted to foster infrastructure development in Indonesia. The development of infrastructure in Indonesia is aiming to improve the standard of living as stipulated by social development goal (SDG), to improve infrastructure competitiveness as one of main component for national competitiveness and also to promote national economic growth. Currently, infrastructure development is challenged by global funding scarcity. There is increasing gap in between funding requirement and available fund at global level Keywords: Indonesia Sovereign Wealth Fund; Firm Value; Infrastructure Development; Structured Literature Review

Fiscal transfer under tax and infrastructure competition

ABSTRACT Interjurisdictional fiscal transfer is generally divided into special transfer payments and general transfer payments. We analyse the welfare implications of these two types of transfer within the framework of tax and infrastructure competition for capital among jurisdictions. The results show that when the decline rate of marginal productivity of capital is low, special transfer payments generate a higher level of social welfare than the general transfer regime if the fiscal transfer is sufficiently large. However, when the decline rate of marginal productivity is high, general transfer payments always dominate the special transfer regime in terms of welfare.

Tourism Competitiveness Evaluation: Evidence From Mountain Tourism in China.

The evaluation of tourism competitiveness is an important tool for analyzing the potential of tourism in a specific context. Enshi Autonomous Prefecture (EAP) in China is selected as a case through which to explore the potential of mountain tourism and its competitiveness in the tourism industry. This study develops EAP’s mountain tourism competitiveness model focusing on three criteria: core competitiveness of mountain tourism, the economic environment’s competitiveness, and infrastructure competitiveness. Context-specific customized evaluation index has been applied to data collected from EAP Statistical Yearbook for 2005–2014. The study reveals that the value of EAP’s mountain tourism core competitiveness, economic and environmental competitiveness, and infrastructure competitiveness are 84.292, 13.4, and 2.308%, respectively. When tourism core competitiveness is increased by one unit, EAP’s mountain tourism competitiveness will increase by 0.84292 units. Similarly, when economic environment competitiveness is increased by one unit, EAP’s mountain tourism competitiveness will increase by 0.134 units. EAP’s mountain tourism competitiveness increases by 0.02308 units when infrastructure competitiveness increases by one unit. The major reasons for low levels of competitiveness were lack of awareness of the county authority, a low level of cooperation, and weak infrastructure. The recommendations from the study’s findings are as follows. Firstly, the county authority should appropriately improve the relationship between competition and cooperation, maintaining cooperation in competition, and competition in cooperation. Secondly, the county authority should strengthen communication by establishing an effective coordinated mechanism. Thirdly, the county authority should improve the sense of cooperation and jointly develop the mountain tourism market. Fourthly, the county authority should improve the construction of tourism infrastructure and break down the barriers to tourism cooperation. The study’s findings help develop a “win-win” cooperation mechanism within the competition and support the sustainable development of the mountain tourism industry while reducing poverty and promoting the revitalization of the mountains of China.

The impact of tax and infrastructure competition on the profitability of local firms

The impact of tax and infrastructure competition on the profitability of local firms

Infrastructure Competition between Air Transport and Hsr: Modelling and Numerical Analysis for Beijing-Shanghai

Infrastructure Competition between Air Transport and Hsr: Modelling and Numerical Analysis for Beijing-Shanghai

Does revenue sharing reduce regional disparity?

ABSTRACT This article investigates the role of tax revenue sharing on regional development disparity. We show that competition in taxes and infrastructure widens the development gap among jurisdictions under both simultaneous and sequential games. Particularly, the results suggest that the development disparity increases with the degree of tax sharing under sequential game. The reason is that the fiscal transfers received by the lagging jurisdiction overcompensate for the loss of capital outflow and thus discourage the lagging from investing in public infrastructure. However, revenue sharing has no effect on the development disparity when simultaneous game is considered.

Universal Service and Competition

The author is advising the Cook Islands on how to introduce mobile competition, drawing on the experience of Australia. In both countries the impact of infrastructure competition on mandated geographically uniform pricing is being (or proposed to be) addressed with a levy. The different approaches to measuring costs and setting the levy are contrasted. The paper proposes that a universal service levy has to be coupled with consistent access pricing to have efficient competition consistent with universal service policy. Interconnection between networks is free but the pricing of resold wholesale services should be consistent with the aims of the levy; to ensure universal service and efficient competition.

New Marketing Strategy to Increase Sales in the Digital Transformation Competition in Indonesia a Case Study of PT XYZ

Digital transformation aims to manage an organization in light of progressing digitalization to assure sustainable value creation since it is a key to develop the new opportunity, product, and sales. PT XYZ gives data-driven solutions for business challenges helping decision-makers to build new revenue streams, to create better customer experiences, and to lower business costs. Therefore, the marketing plan is the main issue for PT XYZ to increase sales and raise awareness of the market in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to propose a new marketing strategy for PT XYZ to compete in the digital infrastructure competition. The author would like to analyze the external and internal data using the qualitative and quantitative methods to formulate SWOT. The SWOT result used to propose new marketing strategies to increase sales and market share in Indonesia with a new STP and 7P marketing mix. In general, the impact of technological change and the right marketing strategy on PT XYZ has a positive effect because it improves human life quality and sustainable society.

New Marketing Strategy to Increase Sales in the Digital Transformation Competition in Indonesia a Case Study of PT XYZ

Digital transformation aims to manage an organization in light of progressing digitalization to assure sustainable value creation since it is a key to develop the new opportunity, product, and sales. PT XYZ gives data-driven solutions for business challenges helping decision-makers to build new revenue streams, to create better customer experiences, and to lower business costs. Therefore, the marketing plan is the main issue for PT XYZ to increase sales and raise awareness of the market in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to propose a new marketing strategy for PT XYZ to compete in the digital infrastructure competition. The author would like to analyze the external and internal data using the qualitative and quantitative methods to formulate SWOT. The SWOT result used to propose new marketing strategies to increase sales and market share in Indonesia with a new STP and 7P marketing mix. In general, the impact of technological change and the right marketing strategy on PT XYZ has a positive effect because it improves human life quality and sustainable society.

Rolling out of fibre optic networks in intermediate versus urban areas: An exploratory spatial analysis in the Netherlands

Within the growing literature on broadband development, much research has focused on infrastructure competition and spatial effects driving investment incentives in broadband provision. However, less attention has been paid to the geographical factors explaining very high capacity fibre based network rollout. The purpose of this paper is to examine these geographical effects of rollout of these networks by utilizing basic data mining techniques in conjunction with exploratory spatial data analysis. In explaining the rollout of these networks, the paper derives from the literature a geographical model on broadband provision and examines it empirically by focusing on the spatial and temporal effects driving very high capacity fibre-based network development in the Netherlands. The paper confirms previous research on market uncertainty and the techno-economics of broadband development, but shows, in addition, that more specific factors related to local effects and demand uncertainty are vital in explaining the rollout of very high capacity fibre-based network.

Structural fund, endogenous move and commitment

In this paper, we extend the study on combined tax and infrastructure competition by endogenizing the timing of decisions made by asymmetric countries. We consider how a structural fund affects the endogenous move decision and show that the poor country prefers to be a follower only when the production function is sufficiently concave. We also analyse the effect of the structural fund on total welfare and design a commitment game to ensure that the socially optimal outcome is achieved.

ASEAN's Limited Centrality in Connectivity: Managing Infrastructure Competition between China and Japan

executive summary: This article examines the concept of ASEAN centrality in connectivity and assesses the role and effectiveness of ASEAN in managing infrastructure financing competition between China and Japan. main argumentScholars have recommended that ASEAN establish a multilateral coordination mechanism, such as an infrastructure forum, to manage the geopolitics of China's and Japan's often competing infrastructure initiatives. Thus far, ASEAN has not been able to set up such a mechanism due to its limited centrality in connectivity issues. Instead, the grouping sets the scope for connectivity, formulating broad policies such as the Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity 2025. ASEAN's confinement to this role and the lack of an institutional framework have been beneficial to member states, allowing them to prioritize and implement infrastructure projects based on their individual needs. They have developed their own bargaining styles and preferences in dealing with larger powers and connectivity-related issues. Any potential for ASEAN to strengthen its centrality in connectivity is therefore hampered less by external powers than by its own member states and stakeholders involved in infrastructure development. However, while ASEAN's centrality in connectivity is limited, it is not insignificant. The grouping still drives compatibility and convergence between the competing infrastructure initiatives and gradually unites the interests of recipients and donors. policy implications • An institutionalized infrastructure forum between ASEAN, China, and Japan is not an appropriate solution to manage infrastructure rivalry. Negotiations between China and Japan would be difficult to conduct multilaterally, and the differences between official consensus and actual practice may be substantial. • ASEAN should focus instead on boosting internal coherence and coordination, sharing best practices for the negotiation and implementation of measures to improve connectivity, and helping Chinese and Japanese companies adjust their business models to contribute to the social and economic development of ASEAN and its member states. • A suitable and consistent risk-sharing mechanism needs to be put in place to make infrastructure projects financially sustainable and thus facilitate deeper collaboration among ASEAN, its external partners, and internal stakeholders.

Концептуальні засади управління конкурентоспроможністю морської транспортної інфраструктури України

Introduction. Ensuring the Ukrainian maritime transport infrastructure competitiveness and its effective management should provide the timely improvement and harmonious development of the Ukrainian maritime transport infrastructure by following per under the world maritime transport market requirements based on rational and efficient management of the material complex at all operation and development stages. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to form the conceptual foundations for managing the competitiveness of the Ukrainian maritime transport infrastructure. Results. Summarized the key components of the conceptual foundations for managing the competitiveness of Ukraine’s maritime transport infrastructure, which takes into account the main strategic directions for improving the management of Ukraine’s maritime transport infrastructure. It is noted that for the efficient management of the maritime transport infrastructure, first of all, institutional support should be brought into line with the requirements of international standards. Based on the formed management concept by the Ukrainian maritime transport infrastructure, the means of achieving the tasks are determined and regulated by following per under the management functions. So, at the stage of forming a strategy for managing the competitiveness of the maritime transport infrastructure, the planning function is implemented, and at the stage implementation the functions of organization and motivation, control and coordination are performed. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study ensuring qualitative transformations in the management of the maritime transport infrastructure as an element of the Ukrainian transport infrastructure will be carried out by increasing the competitiveness of Ukraine’s maritime transport infrastructure based on reforming the system of the industry administration, acceleration of integration into the international transport network, development of innovative logistics systems and navigation controls.

Dynamic optimal fiscal policy in a transfer union

Transfers between regions within a federal or supranational entity are highly prevalent and may yield substantial benefits; however, such transfers are also likely to have an impact on the involved regions' incentives to tax and spend and thereby efficiency. This paper studies theoretically and quantitatively how the taxation of strategically-acting tax authorities affects their optimal fiscal policy in a dynamic model. Fiscal policy is composed of source-based capital taxes, labour taxes, government consumption, productive infrastructure, and bonds. The global capital stock evolves endogenously due to private agents' optimal savings decisions as in a neoclassical growth model. Labour taxes, government consumption, and infrastructure are all declining functions of the share of government revenues which are transferred. Capital taxes are surprisingly increasing in transfers in the short run, but unaffected in the long run. In the short run, capital taxes are too low and infrastructure spending is too high from a global welfare perspective in the absence of transfers, whereas both are at the efficient level in the long run. The dampened capital-tax and infrastructure competition during the transition means that economic efficiency and thus welfare paradoxically increase for low levels of transfers, even though there are no redistributive gains from transfers.

Telecommunications infrastructure in Australia

AbstractThis paper considers Australia’s approach to telecommunications infrastructure from the perspectives of the policy official and the public administration scholar. From the official’s perspective, the approach has been successful in stimulating private sector investment in many markets. This has been achieved by promoting open competition and where necessary establishing a government business enterprise as a transitional measure to build and operate a next‐generation National Broadband Network (NBN) to provide high‐speed fixed‐line broadband to all Australian premises by 2020. From the academic perspective, however, the approach reveals the shifting balances between political objectives and market challenges. This paper consists of three main parts. The first is an introduction by a former senior public servant turned public administration scholar. The second is from a policy official and provides an overview of the Australian telecommunications market, starting with some historical context, the deregulation in the 1990s and the privatisation of the former government‐owned telecommunications incumbent, Telstra. The third is from a public administration scholar and provides a short complementary critique of Australia’s communications policy. The paper discusses, from different perspectives, the policy settings that have been adopted to support infrastructure competition and investment in the Australian telecommunications market, including the development of the NBN.