Infrared Camera System Research Articles

NEAR-IR PHOTOMETRIC AND OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE FU ORIONIS OBJECT V582 AURIGAE

We carried out near-IR photometric and optical spectroscopic observations of V582 Aur, which isa FU Orionis type object, to investigate any periodic and/or aperiodic variations. We obtained lightcurves on the scale of a night and a year, in J, H and Ks bands with KASINICS (KASI Near InfraredCamera System) attached to the BOAO (Bohyun-san Optical Astronomy Observatory) 1.8-m reector inYoungcheon, South Korea and examined photometric variations on the two time scales. So far we have notfound any periodic brightness variations on the scale of a night. On the other hand, we have found thatthere seems to be a periodic brightness variation with a period of approximately 45 days. In addition,high-resolution optical spectroscopic observations of V582 Aur were performed from February 2013 toMay 2014 with the high-resolution echelle spectrograph BOES attached to the BOAO 1.8-m reector.We analyzed several spectral lines to understand the physical state of V582 Aur. The P Cyg pro les areclearly shown in the H line and Na I D line.Key words: Pre-main sequence variables: FU Orionis type object: Periodic brightness variation: PCyg pro le1. INTRODUCTIONV582 Aur, which is located in an active star formationregion near the Auriga OB2 association, is a new FUorobject candidate. The increase in brightness of this ob-ject began in late 1984 or early 1985 and it reached amaximum brightness in January 1986. After the max-imum light, the brightness of this star has remained ina state of maximum brightness. The light variation ofV582 Aur was rst reported by Anton Khruslov (Samus,2009) and it was con rmed as an FUor object by Semkovet al. (2011; 2013). An FUor object is a low-mass pre-main sequence star de ned by Herbig (1977). FUors gothrough an outburst with an amplitude of V ˇ 4{6mag. They are located in star forming regions and areassociated with reection nebula. In addition, they showthe spectra of F-G supergiants during the outburst, astrong Li I 6707A absorption line, and near-infrared COband (Herbig, 1977; Reipurth & Aspin, 2010). One ofthe most important spectroscopic features of FUors isthe P Cyg pro le, which is commonly displayed in theNa I D and H lines, occurring due to strong winds fromthe center of star. Some FUors were found to exhibitperiodic spectroscopic (Herbig et al., 2003; Powell et

TU‐CD‐304‐09: Feasibility Study for Thermoplastic Mask Set Up Monitoring Using Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) Sensor

Purpose:To improve the setup accuracy of thermoplastic mask, we developed a new monitoring method based on force sensing technology and evaluated its feasibility.Methods:The thermoplastic mask setup monitoring system consists of a force sensing resistor sensor unit, a signal transport device, a control PC and an in‐house software. The system is designed to monitor pressure variation between the mask and patient in real time. It also provides a warning to the user when there is a possibility of movement. A preliminary study was performed to evaluate the reliability of the sensor unit and developed monitoring system with a head phantom. Then, a simulation study with volunteers was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the monitoring system. Note that the sensor unit can have multiple end‐sensors and every end‐sensor was confirmed to be within 2% reliability in pressure reading through a screening test.Results:To evaluate the reproducibility of the proposed monitoring system in practice, we simulated a mask setup with the head phantom. FRS sensors were attached on the face of the head phantom and pressure was monitored. For 3 repeated mask setups on the phantom, the variation of the pressure was less than 3% (only 1% larger than 2% potential uncertainty confirmed in the screening test). In the volunteer study, we intended to verify that the system could detect patient movements within the mask. Thus, volunteers were asked to turn their head or lift their chin. The system was able to detect movements effectively, confirming the clinical feasibility of the monitoring system developed.Conclusion:Through the proposed setup monitoring method, it is possible to monitor patient motion inside a mask in real time, which has never been possible with most commonly used systems using non‐radiographic technology such as infrared camera system and surface imaging system.This work was supported by the Radiation Technology R&D program (No. 2013M2A2A7043498) and the Mid‐career Researcher Program (2014R1A2A1A10050270) through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT&Future Planning.

Flight tests of a supersonic natural laminar flow airfoil

A flight test campaign of a supersonic natural laminar flow airfoil has been recently completed. The test surface was an 80 inch (203 cm) chord and 40 inch (102 cm) span article mounted on the centerline store location of an F-15B airplane. The test article was designed with a leading edge sweep of effectively 0° to minimize boundary layer crossflow. The test article surface was coated with an insulating material to avoid significant heat transfer to and from the test article structure to maintain a quasi-adiabatic wall. An aircraft-mounted infrared camera system was used to determine boundary layer transition and the extent of laminar flow. The tests were flown up to Mach 2.0 and chord Reynolds numbers in excess of 30 million. The objectives of the tests were to determine the extent of laminar flow at high Reynolds numbers and to determine the sensitivity of the flow to disturbances. Both discrete (trip dots) and 2D disturbances (forward-facing steps) were tested. A series of oblique shocks, of yet unknown origin, appeared on the surface, which generated sufficient crossflow to affect transition. Despite the unwanted crossflow, the airfoil performed well. The results indicate that the sensitivity of the flow to the disturbances, which can translate into manufacturing tolerances, was similar to that of subsonic natural laminar flow wings.

Real-time treatment light dose guidance of Pleural PDT: an update.

The goal of this study was to develop and improve an infrared (IR) navigation system to deliver light dose uniformly during intracavitory PDT by tracking the movement of the light source and providing real-time feedback on the light fluence rate on the entire cavity surface area. In the current intrapleural PDT protocol, several detectors placed in selected locations in the pleural cavity monitor the light doses. To improve the delivery of light dose uniformity, an IR camera system is used to track the motion of the light source as well as the surface contour of the pleural cavity. Monte-Carlo simulation is used to improve the calculation algorithm for the effect of light that undergoes multiple scattering along the surface in addition to an improvement of the direct light calculation using an improved model that accounts for the anisotropy of the light from the light source.

위상잠금 열영상 현미경의 온도분해능 분석

Abstract In this study, we analyzed and showed the enhanced thermal resolution of a lock-in infraredthermography system by employing a blackbody system and micro-register sample. The noise level or thermalresolution of an infrared camera system is usually expressed by a noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD),which is the mean square of the deviation of the different values measured for one pixel from its mean valuesobtained in successive measurements. However, for lock-in thermography, a more convenient quantity in thephase-independent temperature modulation amplitude can be acquired. On the basis of results, it was observed thatthe NETD or thermal resolution of the lock-in thermography system was significantly enhanced, which we considerto have been caused by the averaging and filtering effects of the lock-in technique. Keywords: Lock-in Thermography, Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference, Infrared Microscope, Thermal Resolution[Received: September 23, 2014, Revised: October 20, 2014, Accepted: October 29, 2014] *한국기초과학지원연구원첨단장비개발사업단, ** IT , Corresponding Author: Center for Analytical한국과학기술원스마트 융합시스템연구단 ✝Instrumentation Development, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Korea(E-mail: ksc@kbsi.re.kr)

Vacuum quality evaluation for uncooled micro bolometer thermal imager sensors

This paper presents an innovative and effective method of measuring the internal vacuum quality of un-cooled micro bolometer thermal imager sensors where the bolometer sensor elements themselves are used for vacuum measurement. A feasible thermal calculation model using an extended Fourier’s Law is presented which is integrated in thermal FEM simulations. Experimental results correlating with FEM simulations prove the feasibility of this method. A measuring range to pressures as low as 5×10−3mbar was achieved that fully covers the needed range where the internal package pressure is leading to performance losses of the IRFPA. The vacuum quality evaluation method supported by a developed temperature compensation method is showing a high repetitive accuracy with a remaining mean failure of 0.2%. Without the need to integrate additional pressure sensors this method reduces costs and chip area and it is fast and highly accurate. Therefore, it can be used for stationary test systems as well as in mobile infrared camera systems.

A MATLAB-based eye tracking control system using non-invasive helmet head restraint in the macaque.

Tracking eye position is vital for behavioral and neurophysiological investigations in systems and cognitive neuroscience. Infrared camera systems which are now available can be used for eye tracking without the need to surgically implant magnetic search coils. These systems are generally employed using rigid head fixation in monkeys, which maintains the eye in a constant position and facilitates eye tracking. We investigate the use of non-rigid head fixation using a helmet that constrains only general head orientation and allows some freedom of movement. We present a MATLAB software solution to gather and process eye position data, present visual stimuli, interact with various devices, provide experimenter feedback and store data for offline analysis. Our software solution achieves excellent timing performance due to the use of data streaming, instead of the traditionally employed data storage mode for processing analog eye position data. We present behavioral data from two monkeys, demonstrating that adequate performance levels can be achieved on a simple fixation paradigm and show how performance depends on parameters such as fixation window size. Our findings suggest that non-rigid head restraint can be employed for behavioral training and testing on a variety of gaze-dependent visual paradigms, reducing the need for rigid head restraint systems for some applications. While developed for macaque monkey, our system of course can work equally well for applications in human eye tracking where head constraint is undesirable.

Extratympanic observation of middle ear structure using a refractive index matching material (glycerol) and an infrared camera

High-resolution computed tomography has been used mainly in the diagnosis of middle ear disease, such as high-jugular bulb, congenital cholesteatoma, and ossicular disruption. However, certain diagnoses are confirmed through exploratory tympanotomy. There are few noninvasive methods available to observe the middle ear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glycerol as a refractive index matching material and an infrared (IR) camera system for extratympanic observation. 30% glycerol was used as a refractive index matching material in five fresh cadavers. Each material was divided into four subgroups; GN (glycerol no) group, GO (glycerol out) group, GI (glycerol in) group, and GB (glycerol both) group. A printed letter and middle ear structures on the inside tympanic membrane were observed using a visible and IR ray camera system. In the GB group, there were marked a transilluminated letter or an ossicle on the inside tympanic membrane. In particular, a footplate of stapes was even transilluminated using the IR camera system in the GB group. This method can be useful in the diagnosis of diseases of the middle ear if it is clinically applied through further studies.

Development of Stress-Induced Martensitic Transformation in TiNi Shape Memory Alloy

TiNi shape memory alloy (SMA) was subjected to tension at strain-controlled test on quasistatic testing machine. The nucleation, development, and saturation of the stress-induced martensitic transformation were investigated, taking into account the obtained dependency of mechanical parameters and the specimen temperature changes measured by an infrared camera (IR). Three kinds of data obtained by the IR system were analyzed: the temperature distribution on the SMA sample surface, the temperature changes derived as average from the chosen sample area, and the temperature profiles obtained along the sample length. The temperature distribution shows nucleation of the transformation process and a creation of the transformation bands. The average temperature reflects the effects of thermomechanical coupling, accompanying exothermic martensitic forward and endothermic reverse transformation. The temperature profiles revealed the temperature difference between the band and the rest of the sample. The experimental results were supported with finite element method numerical analysis (FEM). The FEM software components for structural and heat transfer problems, coupled in partitioned approach, were used for thermomechanical analysis.

A NOVEL APPROACH TO FACE RECOGNITION BASED ON THERMAL IMAGING

A novel approach to face recognition system based on thermal image is presented. The thermal images are captured using Thermal Mid Wave Infrared (MWIR) camera system at various temperature to take into consideration of subtle variations that may occur over time. The vasculature information from the image is extracted and used for matching process. Four images are used for registration process. The image registration is done with the Rigid Body Image Registration tool. Before registering Gabor filter is applied to the images and then filtered images are fused and registered. Face segmentation is done by localized region based active counters. The anisotropic diffusion filter is applied to an image and fused with the segmented image. The signature is then generated from the segmented image. Then templates are generated and stored for matching purpose. To perform authenticate the signatures are generated first and matched with the templates stored in the system

Thermal performance analysis of vacuum variable-temperature blackbody system

In this paper, the design and structure of a vacuum variable-temperature blackbody system were described, and the steady-state thermal analysis of a 3-D blackbody model was presented. Also, the thermal performance of the blackbody was evaluated using an infrared camera system. The blackbody system was constructed to operate under vacuum conditions (2.67×10−2Pa) to reduce its temperature uncertainty, which can be caused by vapor condensation at low temperatures usually below 273.15K. A heat sink and heat shield including a cold shield were embedded around the radiator to maintain the heat balance of the blackbody. A simplified 3-D model of the blackbody including a radiator, heat sink, heat shield, cold shield, and heat source was thermophysically evaluated by performing finite elements analysis using the extended Stefan–Boltzmann’s rule, and the infrared radiating performance of the developed system was analyzed using an infrared camera system. On the basis of the results of measurements and simulations, we expect that the suggested blackbody system can serve as a highly stable reference source for the calibration and measurement of infrared optical systems within operational temperature ranges.

Versatility of the Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap in Head and Neck Reconstruction

The superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap was first reported in 2004, in which the concept of perforator flap was incorporated into the groin flap. Although a SCIP flap has many advantages, reports on its application to head and neck defects are limited. We present cases of SCIP flap transfer for reconstruction of various types of head and neck defects.Twelve patients underwent reconstruction using the free SCIP flap after tumor ablative surgery in the head and neck region. The flap was elevated based on the perforators of the superficial branch and/or deep branch of the superficial circumflex iliac artery. The thickness of the flap was adjusted according to the defect. The Photo Dynamic Eye infrared camera system using indocyanine green was used to detect the location of the perforators preoperatively and to confirm the blood flow after elevation of the flap. The flaps survived completely in all the cases. The mean pedicle length was 7.1 cm (range, 6-9 cm), and the mean flap size was 12.8 × 6.3 cm (range, 4 × 2 to 18 × 8 cm). No vein grafting was necessary in any patient.The advantages of the SCIP flap include 1) low donor-site morbidity; the donor site is in a hairless concealed area, primary donor-site closure is possible, and no muscular dissection is necessary; 2) adjustable thickness of the flap from a superthin flap to a bulky flap; and 3) a long vascular pedicle available.We believe that the SCIP flap will become one of the most versatile options in head and neck reconstruction.

Evaluation of Lymphatic Dysplasia in Patients with Congenital Pleural Effusion and Ascites Using Indocyanine Green Lymphography

To investigate the use of indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography in the diagnosis and assessment of the severity of lymphatic dysfunction in infants and neonates with congenital lymphatic pleural effusion and ascites. We performed ICG lymphography on 10 neonates and infants with congenital lymphatic pleural effusion and ascites. After the subcutaneous injection of ICG, circumferential fluorescent images of lymphatic drainage channels in the extremities and trunk were identified using an infrared camera system. The lymphographic findings were classifiable into 2 patterns-those showing a linear lymphatic pattern, suggesting normal lymphatic flow, and those showing lymphatic channels with retrograde lymphatic flow (dermal backflow pattern), suggesting an abnormal lymphatic flow. We analyzed the severity of the ICG lymphography findings and the clinical outcomes. Based on the ICG lymphography, the severity of lymphatic dysplasia were classified into 4 categories: mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia, and lymphatic hypoplasia. All cases diagnosed with mild (n = 3) or moderate dysplasia (n = 2) survived, and 2 of the 4 cases diagnosed with severe dysplasia died. The duration of endotracheal intubation ranged from 1 to 17 days (median, 7) in the patients with mild or moderate dysplasia and from 25 to 110 days (median, 77) in those with severe dysplasia. The ICG lymphographic findings were consistent with the clinical conditions. This imaging technique may be important to the future clinical management of lymphatic dysplasia in neonates and infants.

Autonomous thermal camera system for monitoring the active lava lake at Erebus volcano, Antarctica

Abstract. In December 2012, the Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory installed a thermal infrared camera system to monitor the volcano's active lava lake. The new system is designed to be autonomous, and capable of capturing images of the lava lake continuously throughout the year. This represents a significant improvement over previous systems which required the frequent attention of observatory researchers and could therefore only be operated during a few weeks of the annual field campaigns. The extreme environmental conditions at the summit of Erebus pose significant challenges for continuous monitoring equipment, and a custom-made system was the only viable solution. Here we describe the hardware and software of the new system in detail and report on a publicly available online repository where data will be archived. Aspects of the technical solutions we had to find in order to overcome the challenges of automating this equipment may be relevant in other environmental science domains where remote instrument operation is involved.

Validation of an Anatomical Coordinate System for Clinical Evaluation of the Knee Joint in Upright and Closed MRI

A computerized method to automatically and spatially align joint axes of in vivo knee scans was established and compared to a fixed reference system implanted in a cadaver model. These computational methods to generate geometric models from static MRI images with an automatic coordinate system fitting proved consistent and accurate to reproduce joint motion in multiple scan positions. Two MRI platforms, upright and closed, were used to scan a phantom cadaver knee to create a three-dimensional, geometric model. The knee was subsequently scanned in several positions of knee bending in a custom made fixture. Reference markers fixed to the bone were tracked by an external infrared camera system as well as by direct segmentation from scanned images. Anatomical coordinate systems were automatically fitted to the segmented bone model and the transformations of joint position were compared to the reference marker coordinate systems. The tracked translation and rotation measurements of the automatic coordinate system were found to be below root mean square errors of 0.8 mm and 0.7°. In conclusion, the precision of the translation and rotational tracking is found to be sensitive to the scanning modality, albeit in upright or closed MRI, but still within comparative measures to previously performed studies. The potential to use segmented bone models for patient joint analysis could vastly improve clinical evaluation of disorders of the knee with continual application in future three-dimensional computations.

NEAR-IR PHOTOMETRIC STUDY OF THE FU ORIONIS OBJECT HBC 722

We present near-infrared light curves of HBC 722 after its the September 2010 outburst. We have been monitoring its near-infrared light curves since November 2010 with Korean Astronomy and Space Science Institute Infrared Camera System (KASINICS). HBC 722 exhibits large changes in optical and near-infrared brightness since its outburst. The J, H, and <TEX>$K_s$</TEX> light curves over about 2.5 years show that in all observed bands HBC 722 progressively became fainter until around April 2011, down to J ~10.7, H ~9.9, <TEX>$K_s$</TEX> ~9.3, but it is getting brighter again. Large scatter in the obtained light curve prevents us from finding whether there is any short timescale variation as reported in other optical observations. The near-infrared color of HBC 722 is becoming bluer since its outburst. The pre-outburst Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of HBC 722 is consistent with that of a slightly reddened Class II YSO with the exception of the extraordinary IR-excess in the far-infrared region.

Visible/Infrared Imaging on the Rise [In the Spotlight

The news media recently showed how infrared imagery aided the authorities in capturing the second Boston Marathon bomber suspect, now a significant tool in the public safety arsenal [1]. It also clearly illustrates the progress in infrared hardware technology since Desert Storm in 1991. The images shown were less grainy (noisy) and had more gray scales, the result of focal plane array materials and designs. In addition, they displayed better image resolution due to larger focal plane array availability. What was not shown is the significant signal processing improvement in target detection that can be obtained from this new hardware because of its improved dynamic range and linearity. In particular, these aspects enhance our ability to image objects through optical channels that either blur or mask the object because of particulate or turbulent scattering [2]. In this article, we will highlight some of the progress in this area that takes advantage of the improvements of new visible and infrared camera systems.

P 226. Robot guided positioning of a magnetic coil for rTMS over the cortex in patients with cerebral lesions

rTMS with narrow focus coils is able to stimulate or inhibit depolarization in circumscribed cerebral areas. However, it is difficult to position the coil over the skull precisely above the target gyrus. Orientation on the 10–20-EEG system or calculation of bone markers of the skull in MRI imaging with transfer of the data to the skull of the living patient has been used to position the coil manually. These procedures are rather imprecise. We here present a system which coordinates the MRI imaging of the brain with an infrared camera system guided robot to position the coil directly over the region of interest (ROI). 5 patients have been included into this protocol. A T1-MRI of the brain was used to identify the ROI, here the precentral motor area of the hand (handknob). The sedantary patient was placed into a relaxing chair and small passive sphere markers (head reference markers) were fixed to the head by a headband. These skull markers were tracked by an infrared camera system positioned in front of and above the patient’s head in a distance of about 1.3 m and correlated to the cerebral MRI imaging. A robot system (Smart Move R , ANT) with a 6 joint metal arm allowing positioning of the coil with 6 degrees of freedom (DoF) was placed beside the patient. The magnetic coil (8-shaped) was fixed to the robot arm. The infrared camera system identified the position of the magnetic coil and the patient’s head by the passive sphere markers fixed to the magnetic coil and the patient. The MRI data were stored into a PC and the surface image of the brain was coordinated with the position of the patient’s skull and of the magnetic coil. By this technique, it was possible to identify the ROI of the cortex and direct the coil precisely by the robot arm over the skull area of the underlying ROI. Immediate correct position of the coil manoeuvred by the robot arm over the ROI was successfully controlled by rTMS of the precentral hand knob and surface electromyography of the contralateral hand muscles. It is possible to manoeuvre precisely a magnetic coil for rTMS over brain tissue of interest using a robot arm by coordinating the cortical surface MRI of the patient with the skull and the magnetic coil. Registration of the positions is achieved by an infrared camera system. The robot arm is able to follow the head during limited movements.

저온-진공 흑체시스템의 설계 및 성능 평가

본 논문에서는 저온-진공 흑체시스템의 설계 및 구성과 함께 흑체시스템의 수학 모델을 이용한 열해석 평가 방법과 그 결과를 제시하였으며 적외선 카메라를 이용한 흑체시스템의 평가 방안 및 결과를 명시하였다. 개발된 흑체시스템은 기존의 시스템에 비해 상대적으로 규모가 소형이며 273 K이하의 저온에서 수증기가 응결될 수 있는 현상을 방지하기 위하여 흑체시스템 내부를 진공 (<TEX>$2.67{\times}10^{-2}$</TEX> Pa) 상태로 유지되도록 제작되었다. 또한 흑체시스템 내부의 열손실로 인한 성능 저하를 막기 위하여 radiator가 설치되는 부위에는 heat sink, heat shield 및 cold shield를 설계하였다. 흑체시스템의 수학 모델에 대한 열 해석을 위해서 변형된 스테판-볼츠만의 정리를 이용하여 radiator의 성능을 검증하였고 실제 흑체시스템에서 방사되는 적외선 신호에 대해서는 적외선 카메라를 이용하여 신호전달함수 및 온도분해능을 측정, 분석하였다. 제안된 설계와 해석 및 실험 결과에 근거하여, 개발된 저온-진공 흑체시스템은 적용온도범위인 268~333 K 구간에서 적외선 측정장치의 캘리브레이션을 위한 기준장치로서 성능이 안정적이고 적용이 적합한 것으로 확인되었다. In this paper, the design concept of a low-temperature vacuum blackbody was described, and thermophysical model of the blackbody was numerically evaluated. Also the working performance of low-temperature vacuum blackbody was evaluated using infrared camera system. The blackbody system was constructed to operate under high-vacuum conditions (<TEX>$2.67{\times}10^{-2}$</TEX> Pa) to reduce temperature uncertainty, which is caused by vapor condensation at low temperatures usually below 273 K. In addition, both heat sink and heat shield including cold shield were installed around radiator to prevent heat loss from the blackbody. Simplified mathematical model of blackbody radiator was analyzed using modified Stefan-Boltzmann's rule. The infrared radiant performance of the blackbody was evaluated using infrared camera. Based on the results of measurements, and simulation, temperature stability of the low-temperature vacuum blackbody demonstrated that the blackbody system can serve as a highly stable reference source for the calibration of an infrared optical system.

Perimetric evaluation of saccadic latency, saccadic accuracy, and visual threshold for peripheral visual stimuli in young compared with older adults.

Using a novel automated perimetry technique, we tested the hypothesis that older adults will have increased latency and decreased accuracy of saccades, as well as higher visual thresholds, to peripheral visual stimuli when compared with younger adults. We tested 20 healthy subjects aged 18 to 30 years ("young") and 21 healthy subjects at least 60 years old ("older") for detection of briefly flashed peripheral stimuli of differing sizes in eight locations along the horizontal meridian (±4°, ±12°, ±20°, and ±28°). With the left eye occluded, subjects were instructed to look quickly toward any seen stimuli. Right eye movements were recorded with an EyeLink 1000 infrared camera system. Limiting our analysis to the four stimulus positions in the nasal hemifield (-4°, -12°, -20°, and -28°), we evaluated for group-level differences in saccadic latency, accuracy, and visual threshold at each stimulus location. Saccadic latency increased as stimulus size decreased in both groups. Older subjects had significantly increased saccadic latencies (at all locations; P < 0.05), decreased accuracies (at all locations; P < 0.05), and higher visual thresholds (at the -12°, -20°, and -28° locations; P < 0.05). Additionally, there were significant relationships between visual threshold and latency, visual threshold and accuracy, and latency and accuracy (P < 0.0001). Older adults have increased latency and decreased accuracy of saccades, as well as higher visual thresholds, to peripheral visual stimuli when compared with younger adults. Saccadic latency and accuracy are related to visual threshold, suggesting that saccadic latency and accuracy could be useful as perimetric outcome measures.