Infraocclusion Of Primary Molars Research Articles

Combined surgical luxation and orthodontic traction treatment of a severely infraoccluded primary molar with deep caries: a case report and literature review.

Infraocclusion refers to a tooth located below the occlusal surface compared to adjacent teeth long after it should have reached occlusion. Ankylosis is frequently associated with the infraocclusion of primary molars, but it is challenging to distinguish between the two conditions. Surgical luxation and orthodontic traction have been applied for the treatment of ankylosed, infraoccluded permanent teeth, but reports on primary molars are scarce. A 5-year-old boy presented with a severely infraoccluded primary mandibular second molar with deep caries. A partial pulpotomy was performed to treat the affected tooth when the pulp was exposed after caries removal. A combination of surgical luxation and orthodontic tractionwas performed for the affected tooth, and after 5 months, the tooth successfully erupted to the occlusal level. During the follow-up period of two years, no complications were observed. This report identified that surgical luxation, in conjunction with orthodontic traction, is effective and feasible for severely infraoccluded primary teeth. Additionally, partial pulpotomy may be an alternative for vital pulp therapy on primary teeth.

Prevalence, Severity, and Correlation with Agenesis of Permanent Successors of Infraoccluded Primary Molars at Chonnam National University Hospital’s Department of Pediatric Dentistry

This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and severity of infraoccluded primary molars (IPM) and their correlation with the agenesis of permanent successors (APS). A total of 4,011 panoramic radiographs from children aged 4 to 11 years who had all 8 primary molars were examined. The prevalence of APS was analyzed based on the severity and tooth type of IPM. The prevalence of IPM was 13.0%, and there was no difference between genders. The majority of the children had two IPMs each. In all tooth types, mild infraocclusion was the most prevalent, whereas severe infraocclusion was the least frequent. Among the types of primary molars, the lower primary first molar (62.3%) was the most affected, followed by the lower primary second molar (27.7%), the upper primary second molar (5.8%), and the upper primary first molar (4.2%). Infraocclusion was 11.2 times more prevalent in the mandible than in the maxilla, with no significant difference between the left and right sides. The correlation between IPM and APS was also investigated. Among the subjects, 177 had one or more agenesis of premolars, of whom 54 (30.5%) had IPM. Additionally, among the 521 individuals with IPM, 54 individuals exhibited APS (10.4%). This study identified a noteworthy prevalence of infraocclusion, with notable variations among molar types. The LPFM was particularly affected. The majority of cases were classified as mild in severity. Furthermore, a compelling association between IPM and APS was established. Understanding this connection may enhance treatment strategies for infraoccluded teeth and tooth agenesis.

Is there an association between molar incisor hypomineralization and developmental dental anomalies? A case-control study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine whether there is any association between molar incisor hypomineralization and developmental dental anomalies.MethodsTwo pediatric dentists evaluated panoramic radiographs of 429 children aged 8–14 years with molar incisor hypomineralization (study group) and 437 children without molar incisor hypomineralization (control group) in terms of developmental dental anomalies. Twelve different developmental dental anomalies were categorized into four types: size (microdontia, macrodontia); position (ectopic eruption of maxillary permanent first molars, infraocclusion of primary molars); shape (fusion, gemination, dilaceration, taurodontism, peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors); and number (hypodontia, oligodontia, hyperdontia) anomalies.ResultsNo significant difference was observed in the frequencies of developmental dental anomalies between the study and control groups in total, females, and males (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the distribution of developmental size, position, shape, and number anomalies between the study and control groups (p = 0.024). The most common anomaly in both groups was hypodontia (6.3% and 5.9%, respectively). There was a significant difference between the study and control groups in terms of subtypes of shape anomaly in all children and females (p = 0.045 and p = 0.05, respectively).ConclusionsWhile a significant difference was observed between the distributions of types of developmental dental anomalies between individuals with and without molar incisor hypomineralization, there was no difference in terms of the frequency of developmental dental anomalies.

Features of Dental Anomaly Patterns in Finnish children as seen in panoramic radiographs at the late mixed stage

Objective To describe the prevalence of the developmental abnormalities involved in Dental Anomaly Patterns (DAP) and investigate their co-occurrence in an age cohort of children with late mixed dentition. Material and Methods Retrospective, register-based study focused on 1315 panoramic radiographs of children aged 8.5-10.5 years. The features examined were absent teeth, peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisor, delayed dental age, infraocclusion of primary molars, transposition and distal angulation of unerupted mandibular second premolar. Results Feature involved in DAP was detected in 29.8% of the children, most common being infraocclusion of primary molars (17.5%), followed by absent teeth (8.4%), delayed dental age (7.6%), distal angulation of unerupted mandibular second premolar (7.3%), peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisor (2.4%) and transposition (0.5%). Two DAP features occurred together in 4.7% of children, while three occurred in 0.7%. Infraocclusion (p=.040) and absent teeth (p=.001) occurred more commonly in girls. Phenotypic variations in maxillary lateral incisor more often occurred together (p=.004). Absent teeth, peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisor and delayed dental age more often occurred together (p<.01) as did transposition and absent teeth (p=.016). Conclusion Almost third of the children had dental developmental abnormalities involved in DAP. Absent teeth, peg-shaped lateral incisors and delayed dental age more often occurred together.

Infra-occluded primary molars: diagnosis and management

Infra-occluded primary molars can be challenging in terms of their surgical management and potential sequelae. The prognosis of these teeth needs to considered allowing treatment planning for a stable long-term outcome for the patient. This article outlines the key principles to consider following a diagnosis of an infra-occluded primary molar, and it provides a management tool to aid decision making. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Timely diagnosis and management of infra-occluded primary molars is vital within the overall care pathway for these patients.

Disappearing teeth. The story of infra-occlusion of primary molars: diagnosis, aetiology and management

This article outlines the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment options available for the management of infra-occluded primary molars. Treatment decisions are mainly guided by the clinical presentation of the infra-occluded tooth, the malocclusion, the age of the patient, the presence or absence of the permanent successor and, of course, the wishes of the patient and/or parents. CPD/Clinical Relevance: It is important that infra-occlusion is diagnosed and managed in a timely way to prevent potentially avoidable complications.

Multiple infroccluded primary molars with permanent successors : a case report

The infraocclusion is defined as a condition, in which teeth are present with their occlusal surface below the neighboring teeth, and long after, they reach occlusion. The most common cause of infra-occlusion is thought to be ankylosis. The treatment options for patient with infraocclusion of primary molars are observation, restoration and surgical removal of the affected teeth. We report a case of 8 - year - old boy who visited our clinic for consultation of orthodontic treatment. The patient was diagnosed by multiple infraoccluded primary molars with permanent successors. Surgical extraction were performed on primary molars. After follow-up of 7 months period, #44, 45 were erupted and the degree of posterior open bite was decreased.

First premolar ankylosis

A case is described of a 13-year-old boy who presented with infra-occluded primary molars in three quadrants. Creation of space allowed the second premolars in two quadrants to erupt spontaneously. The first premolar in the remaining quadrant did not erupt spontaneously, failing to reach occlusal contact despite orthodontic traction. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case demonstrates apparent intermittent ankylosis of a maxillary first premolar.

Scandcleft randomized trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: dental anomalies in 8-year olds.

Children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) are reported to display several dental anomalies including agenesis, supernumeraries, as well as variations in dental size, shape, and path of eruption. The extensive sample of individuals with UCLP included in the Scandcleft randomized control trials offers the opportunity to study more rare conditions, which is seldom possible with limited samples. The aim was to study dental anomalies at 8 years of age in children born with UCLP included in the Scandcleft randomized control trials. Panoramic and intraoral radiographs from 425 individuals (279 males and 146 females) with a mean age of 8.1 years were assessed by four orthodontists regarding dental anomalies. Agenesis was found in 52.5 per cent and supernumerary teeth in 16.9 per cent of the participants. The cleft lateral was missing in 43.8 per cent and was found peg shaped in 44.7 per cent. The distribution of ectopic eruption was 14.6 per cent, mainly affecting maxillary first molars, while transposition was found in 3.4 per cent of the individuals. In addition, infraocclusion of one or several primary molars was registered in 7.2 per cent of the participants. We conclude that 8-year-old children born with UCLP display multiple dental anomalies. The Scandcleft sample allowed rarely studied conditions such as infraocclusion of primary molars and transposition to be studied in children born with UCLP. ISRCTN29932826.

Management of infra-occluded primary molars

Abstract: This article reviews the aetiology, diagnosis and management of infra-occluded primary molars. The different treatment options are detailed as well as the differences in the management of patients depending on their age, the severity of the infra-occlusion and whether the permanent successor is present or absent. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The ability to identify and diagnose infra-occluded primary molars is crucially important for their subsequent management. Knowledge of the different treatment options and their relevance in different clinical situations is important for all dental healthcare professionals.

An Alternative Approach to the Transitional Rehabilitation of Infra‐Occluded Primary Second Molars

Different approaches have been proposed for the treatment of retained infra-occluded primary molars with agenesis of permanent successors including extraction with orthodontic space closure, prosthetic replacement, or retention of the primary tooth in situ for space maintenance. The retention of primary second molars in situ represents a conservative treatment option to preserve alveolar bone at the future implant site, and it is especially indicated for young patients who have not completed skeletal growth until later reassessment can determine definitive treatment. The orthodontist and the restorative dentist must work together in the comprehensive treatment planning of these patients for optimal results. The present report describes the transitional rehabilitation of infra-occluded primary second molars for a 13-year-old patient with direct resin composite restorations. Furthermore, the report illustrates the use of an alternative technique with a clear vinyl-(poly-siloxane) matrix to facilitate the direct restorative procedures and minimize the finishing procedures involved in the placement of large composite restorations.

Infraocclusion of Primary Molars and Associated Dental Anomalies

Infraocclusion of Primary Molars and Associated Dental Anomalies

Ectopic eruption of first permanent molars: A preliminary report of presenting features and associations

To investigate presenting features of ectopically erupting first permanent molars and associations with other dental anomalies. Prospective convenience study. 28 panoral radiographs were collected, over a 24-month period, of 7-11 year-old children with radiographic evidence of ectopic eruption of first permanent molars who presented to a Dental Teaching Hospital in the North of England. A further 20 radiographs were collected of matched patients with no evidence of ectopic molar eruption. All radiographs were analysed under standard conditions to record the distribution and type of ectopic eruption (if present). In addition, the presence of the following dental anomalies was noted: cleft lip and/or palate; supernumerary teeth; hypodontia, and infraocclusion of primary molars. Chi-squared analysis was performed to determine any significant differences in the frequency of these dental anomalies between ectopic molar and control groups. For patients with ectopic molar eruption, the majority demonstrated ectopic eruption of either one or two first permanent molars (32% and 57% of subjects respectively). There were a similar proportion of 'jumps' and 'holds'. 92% of these were maxillary teeth and there was equal left and right distribution. Interestingly, a positive record of ectopic eruption was only documented in the dental records of 35.7% of these subjects. Children with ectopic eruption were significantly more likely to have at least one additional dental anomaly than was the case for the control group (60.7% versus 25%). Notably, primary molar infraocclusion and cleft lip/palate were significantly more frequent in the ectopic group. This study, the first in a British population, has identified a significant association between ectopic eruption of first permanent molars and other dental anomalies. A multifactorial aetiology is thus supported and clinicians should be alert to the co-existence of ectopic eruption and other dental anomalies.

Morphological and functional rehabilitation of severely infra-occluded primary molars in the presence of aplasia of the permanent premolar: A clinical report

This clinical report describes the fixed prosthodontic rehabilitation of an infra-occluded primary molar. Diagnostic considerations included the patient's age, occlusal status, condition of the infra-occluded tooth including the degree of infra-occlusion and root resorption, as well as adjacent alveolar bone levels. Due to the patient's young age, an invasive prosthetic approach was delayed in favor of an onlay restoration, which represented a more rapid and conservative therapeutic choice. The treatment involved the design and fabrication of a composite onlay on the deciduous molar using a ceramic optimized polymer on a fiber-reinforced composite framework. Three years later, intraoral radiography showed satisfactory marginal adaptation. No change was observed in periodontal tissues.

Tablet fluoridation influences the calcification of primary tooth pulp.

This study was conducted to determine the influence of long-term tablet fluoridation on primary pulp calcification by light microscopy. Twenty-four caries-free primary molars (after continuous postpartally initiated 1- to 10-year tablet fluoridation) were compared to 17 primary molars of children without fluoride prophylaxis. Pulp calcification in children with tablet fluoridation was significantly more frequent and more pronounced than in untreated children (p = 0.001). Besides the known pulp stones, the prophylaxis group evidenced a special form of calcification consisting of fibrodentin-like hard tissue not observed in the untreated children. These hard tissue bodies developed "intramurally" on the pulp floor and the inside of the dental roots with an irregular extramural spread into the coronal and radicular pulp by displacement and fibrotization of the pulp tissue. Moreover, some of the teeth had more or less extensive areas of interglobular dentin. The affected teeth were ankylosed in the area of the bi- and trifurcation and on the inside of the roots and were thus infra-occluded. Although the duration of tablet fluoridation has no statistically significant influence on pulp calcification, there is a correlation between extensive pulp calcification, postnatally initiated fluoride prophylaxis and the infraocclusion of primary molars.

Ectopic eruption of maxillary first permanent molars and association with other tooth and developmental disturbances.

The associations between tooth and eruption disturbances in four groups of children selected primarily with only one diagnosed eruption or developmental disturbance in each group was analysed. Ninety-two children were primarily diagnosed with ectopic eruption of maxillary first permanent molars, 93 children with infra-occlusion and ankylosis of primary molars, 91 children with ectopic eruption of maxillary canines, and 97 children with aplasia of premolars. Of the children studied 69-79 per cent had only a single one of the four disturbances studied. In 18-28 per cent there was one additional disturbance and in 2-3 per cent two additional disturbances. From chi square contingency tests, it was found that infra-occlusion of primary molars and aplasia of premolars exhibited a higher prevalence in both directions compared to the expected population prevalence. Ectopic eruption of maxillary canines showed a significantly higher prevalence than expected in all the other three groups. Our interpretation is that these results support the hypothesis of a common, presumably hereditary, aetiology. Thus, the four conditions studied would be different manifestations of one syndrome, each manifestation having an incomplete penetrance. With closer follow-up of the maxillary canines during the eruption period in children with some of the other three disturbances, prophylactic, or early interceptive measures may be taken and complicated orthodontic treatment be reduced or avoided.

Ankylosis of primary molars--a future periodontal threat to the first permanent molars?

Most infra-occluded and ankylosed primary molars with a permanent successor will exfoliate normally. Continuous supervision of occlusal development and radiographic control of normal root resorption have been recommended. The decreased height of the alveolar bone level at the site of the infra-occluded primary molar has been reported to normalize after the eruption of the permanent successor. However, opinions that infra-occlusion of primary molars entails a risk of future periodontal damage to the first permanent molars have been presented. The aim of this study was to perform a long-term follow-up of the alveolar bone level mesial to the first permanent molars after spontaneous exfoliation or necessary extraction of the infra-occluded second primary molars. The material consisted of 143 permanent molars adjacent to 119 infra-occluded primary molars and 24 normal contralateral primary molars in 68 individuals. The subjects were re-examined about 8 years after the exfoliation or extraction of the infra-occluded second primary molars. The subjects were examined both clinically and radiographically. Alveolar bone level mesial to the first permanent molars was measured in bite-wing radiographs. All but two permanent first molars showed a normal alveolar bone level mesially. In two first permanent molars where the primary molar was extracted, mesial approximal bone loss amounted to 4 and 3 mm, respectively, but no pocket formation was found. Infra-occlusion and ankylosis of primary molars does not constitute a general risk of future alveolar bone loss mesial to the first permanent molars. The general treatment recommendation to await normal exfoliation and eruption of successors remains valid.

Infraocclusion of primary molars: Juri KurolSwed. Dent. J., Supplement 21, 1984

Infraocclusion of primary molars: Juri KurolSwed. Dent. J., Supplement 21, 1984

Infraocclusion of primary molars with aplasia of the permanent successor. A longitudinal study.

Infraocclusion of deciduous molars that also lack a permanent successor is found to progress more than where a successor is present, while exfoliation is severely retarded. The aplasia is the most important factor in treatment planning and timing.

Infraocclusion of primary molars and the effect on occlusal development, a longitudinal study

Infraocclusion of primary molars and the effect on occlusal development, a longitudinal study