Information Requirements Research Articles

Legal requirements for information and their influence on patient satisfaction

The German Patientenrechtegesetz defines, among other things, medical obligations in connection with the provision of information. To date, the extent to which these legal requirements also influence patient satisfaction with information has not been investigated in Germany.The study employed an anonymized patient survey on satisfaction with information, which was recorded using a validated 10-item questionnaire.189 consultations (n=105 female, n=84 male patients) were included in the analysis. 87.8% (n=166) of the patients were undergoing inpatient treatment, 12.2% (n=23) were treated as outpatients. The patients were on average 53.2 years old (standard deviation: 20.3 years, range: 15 to 97 years) and were distributed across the following treatment areas: Anesthesia: n=68; Surgery: n=60; Internal Medicine: n=56; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy: n=5 patients. Overall, there was a high level of satisfaction with the information provided, which did not differ significantly between the genders. However, patients were more satisfied if they were informed by doctors with German as their mother tongue (p=0.005; d=0.214) or by specialists (p<0.001; d=0.288). The duration of the consultation was significantly positively correlated with patient satisfaction (p=0.002, r=0.211). It was also shown that the physician's level of training (specialist: yes/no) was the most important factor (adjusted odds ratio: 4.48).The requirements of the Patientenrechtegesetz with regard to the comprehensibility and thoroughness of the information conveyed, as well as the proficiency of the medical practitioner, have been demonstrated to foster patient satisfaction. It is thus imperative that sufficient professional competence is always ensured. For medical practitioners whose native language is not German, the utilization of translation programs, pictorial or video-based supplementary materials is recommended to facilitate comprehension and minimize any potential language barriers. Moreover, the duration of the consultation should be tailored to the specific needs of the individual patient in order to optimize satisfaction. In order to achieve this, it would be prudent to ascertain from patients in advance the level of detail they would prefer the consultation to encompass.

Toward Product Safety and Circularity: Understanding the Information Structure of Global Databases on Chemicals in Products and Articles.

Access to information about chemicals in products and articles is critical for supporting enforcement of chemical regulations, assessing risks from chemicals, allowing informed consumer choices, and enabling product circularity. In this work, we identified and evaluated available databases (DBs) on chemicals in products and articles from the literature using a defined protocol and from European national market surveillance authorities, nongovernmental agencies, and industrial sector groups using questionnaires. This is the first comprehensive review of DBs that provide information about chemicals in products and articles. A majority of these DBs are heterogeneous in terms of scope, ontologies, and data structures. Among the 57 identified DBs, 49 identified specific substances and only 30 reported their concentration in their products. In addition, 35 DBs included hazard information and 27 DBs provided safety information about products or chemicals. The analysis highlights the lack of comprehensive or accessible data on chemicals in products and articles for most categories of products/articles and jurisdictions. The limitations of existing DBs were attributed to scattered regulatory information requirements, a lack of data for unregulated substances, the complexity of supply chain communication, and confidentiality issues. In response to these challenges, we identified opportunities for improving existing information transfer structures and exploring alternative data sources to promote product and article safety and circularity.

Framework of Smart Multi-purpose Utility Tunnel Information Modeling for Lifecycle Management

Multi-purpose Utility Tunnels (MUTs), as an alternative to buried and above-ground utilities, can accommodate multiple utilities, such as gas, water, and sewer pipes, and electrical and telecommunication cables. Despite MUTs' advantages, their high initial construction cost and the need for coordination among utility companies hindered their wide usage. Building Information Modeling (BIM) can solve some of these problems by facilitating the design, construction, operation, and coordination of utility companies. However, BIM is mainly developed for buildings and extended to some civil structures. There is a lack of a comprehensive framework covering MUT components and information requirements for other use cases, and its integration with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and other technologies. This paper proposes an integrated framework for Smart MUT Information Modeling (SMUTIM) by (1) gathering the information requirements for all the phases of lifecycle management, (2) analyzing the use cases of SMUTIM, and (3) extending the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) to SMUTIM. A case study demonstrates the benefits of the proposed framework.

A BIM-Enabled Workflow for the Rehabilitation of Heritage Steel Bridges

The rehabilitation of heritage steel bridges raises specific challenges due to their historical significance and structural complexity. These structures, often subjected to ageing, corrosion, and insufficient documentation, require specialized approaches that balance preservation with modern infrastructure demands. In this context, digitalization offers a transformative pathway, enabling more precise maintenance planning, enhanced decision-making, and better alignment with sustainability goals, with Building Information Modelling (BIM) fostering seamless information transfer and integration across project lifecycle. This paper highlights the potential of BIM in predictive maintenance, resource optimization, and strategic rehabilitation planning. It proposes a structured approach for defining and implementing information requirements (IRs), ensuring alignment between organizational objectives, asset-level needs, and project-specific deliverables. A significant contribution of this research is the development of a template for information delivery specification (IDS), providing a robust framework for data exchange and quality control throughout project phases. The IDS supports the integration of technical and historical data into a centralized digital repository, addressing both operational and heritage preservation needs. Finally, the article discusses structural assessment and strengthening strategies within the BIM workflow, emphasizing their role in achieving efficient and sustainable bridge rehabilitation.

ГРАНИЦЫ: РОЛЬ И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ В БУХГАЛТЕРСКОМ (ФИНАНСОВОМ) УЧЕТЕ ПРИРОДНОГО КАПИТАЛА

The concept of sustainable development has changed the requirements for information about the activities of enterprises, in particular, about natural capital. The existence of contradictions in the understanding of natural capital causes problems in the organization of its accounting. The nature of these contradictions revealed in the article has methodological significance. The reasoned objectivity of the impossibility of recognizing air and water resources as accounting objects is of practical importance for the organization of environmental accounting.

Enhancing accuracy in cost estimation: structured cost data integration and model validation

Cost estimation for tendering is one of the leading causes of legal disputes in the architecture, engineering, construction, and facilities management (AEC/FM) industry. To date, there are no standardized procedures for verifying cost estimation accuracy. The association between cost data and geometric model objects is currently done manually, leading to time losses and inaccuracies in cost estimates. This study defines a new architecture for cost items within the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data model to ensure structured cost data, which is currently expressed in unstructured natural language. It encompasses the definition of a cost domain in IFC, potential relationships it may have with an IFC geometric information model, and the validation of these relationships through semi-automated verification procedures of structured data (geometric-cost). A specific case study, focused on a structural IFC model, is examined to assess current and future applications. Additionally, rules for BIM information requirements will be defined through the Information Delivery Specification (IDS) to ensure clear understanding for both humans and computers. This will specify which data must be included in the geometric model to ensure validation and verification of the uniqueness of associated cost data. The results demonstrate the feasibility of defining structured cost elements in IFC and verifying their association with geometric data to ensure coherence and uniqueness in cost estimation.

Regulatory preparedness for multicomponent nanomaterials: Current state, gaps and challenges of REACH.

In 2018 the European Commission adopted revisions to the Annexes of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 concerning registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals (REACH) to introduce nanomaterial-specific clarifications and provisions. Multicomponent nanomaterial (MCNM) is a non-regulatory term that has been used in recent EU-funded projects to describe nanomaterials with a complex structure and/or composition and which are expected to be increasingly used in products in the near future. This paper examines the regulatory preparedness of REACH, and its revised Annexes, for MCNMs. Several situations have been identified where there is potential confusion and uncertainty around how regulatory definitions used in REACH should be applied to MCNMs. If a MCNM cannot be identified as falling within a specific definition, understanding the regulatory obligations that apply to it is very difficult. Examples of these grey areas include how the term "surface functionalisation or modification" applies when a chemical is physisorbed to the surface of a nanoform, and the identity of the substance that should be registered when the modification takes it outside the definition of a nanoform. We conclude that the regulatory preparedness can be improved by amending the REACH guidance on information requirements for nanoforms and revising the definition of "nanoform" in line with the updated EC Recommendation on the definition of nanomaterial.

Polygenic risk scores and embryonic screening: considerations for regulation

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have recently been used to inform reproductive decision-making in the context of embryonic screening. While this is yet to be widespread, it is contested and raises...

Information Requirements of Clinical Decision Support Systems for the Diagnosis and Prediction of Preeclampsia

Background: Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are valuable tools for diagnosing and predicting diseases. However, their effectiveness hinges on the quality of the information provided. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the information requirements for a CDSS designed to diagnose and predict preeclampsia. Methods: This applied study was conducted in 2024. A literature review was performed to identify relevant studies. Based on the findings, a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was developed and validated through the input of 22 experts in related fields. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, and the findings are presented in the text and tables. Results: Among 143 items identified, 115 were deemed essential for a CDSS to diagnose and predict preeclampsia. The information requirements were classified into eight main categories: Demographic information, medical history, laboratory data, pregnancy-related data, complications in other organs, medical examinations, warning signs, paraclinical data, and lifestyle. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide critical insights for developers of CDSS tailored to preeclampsia diagnosis and prediction. By addressing these information needs, such systems can significantly enhance the capabilities of women's health professionals, advancing timely diagnosis and prevention of preeclampsia.

Teacher perceptions about the reputation of technical and vocational education and training in Ghana

PurposeThis study examines the perceptions of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) teachers about the factors that influence the reputation of TVET in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative and qualitative data were collected from 680 TVET teachers in Ghana using a survey instrument that included an open-ended section that required participants to provide written comments. The quantitative data gathered were analysed by way of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), while the written narratives of participants were evaluated using thematic analysis. The quantitative and qualitative data analysed were subsequently integrated using a four-stage pillar integration process (PIP), which included listing, matching, checking and pillar building.FindingsThe findings show that TVET teachers’ perceptions regarding the factors influencing the reputation of TVET in Ghana include investment in infrastructure and learning resources; collaboration between TVET institutions and industries; public perceptions of TVET prospects; occupational standards; testing and certification; pedagogical approaches; students’ academic coping abilities; gender and equity considerations and labour market information requirements. Furthermore, state policies regarding student access, funding models, curriculum reform, investment in TVET teacher education and professional development as well as the remuneration, motivation and working conditions of TVET teachers, significantly influence the reputation of TVET in Ghana.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the scholarly discourse on the reputation of TVET and how the sector could be improved to attract more learners who can contribute meaningfully to the development of Ghana. The findings illustrate how human capital theory and the concept of reputation in its expansive form, which includes social factors, culture, time and space, are jointly linked to skills development, employability, and public acceptance of TVET. To address the issues concerning the reputation of TVET, this study recommends, among others, that issues concerning student access, gender and equity and collaborations between TVET institutions and industry should be improved.

Mutational heterogeneity in large B-cell lymphoma: insights from paired biopsies.

Large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) exhibits striking clinical and molecular heterogeneity. New approaches have emerged to explore tumor heterogeneity and classify LBCL into biological categories. Consequently, the informational requirements from diagnostic samples to provide the necessary information have increased, but the adequacy of single-site biopsies to provide such information is largely unknown. Here we describe spatial and temporal intra-patient variations in the mutational landscape of paired biopsies. Paired biopsies from 30 patients with LBCL were obtained from spatially distinct sites at the time of primary diagnosis before treatment and/or at a subsequent relapse. The samples were sequenced using a custom designed 59-gene next generation sequencing (NGS) lymphoma panel. Differences in detected mutations of pathogenic or likely pathogenic significance were frequent both when comparing paired diagnostic biopsies, 2/6 (33%), and when comparing paired biopsies at primary diagnosis and relapse, 8/16 (50%). Mutational heterogeneity tended to increase with longer time interval between biopsies. Analysis of paired diagnostic and relapse biopsies revealed that certain clones present at diagnosis disappeared, while new clones emerged at relapse. Notably, TP53 mutations were detected in six out of seven patients in an extranodal location. In two cases, TP53 mutation was only detected in the relapse biopsy. Several of the mutations identified in this study are used or under investigation as targets for cancer treatments. Multi-site biopsies revealed spatial and temporal mutational heterogeneity in patients with LBCL. Our findings indicate that mutational differences between biopsy pairs can occur at all timepoints examined. This underscores the necessity of performing repeat biopsies with each relapse to capture the full spectrum of genetic aberrations.

Commitment ambiguity and ambition in climate pledges

AbstractThe Paris Agreement on climate change is built around a pledge-and-review system, wherein countries submit nationally determined pledges of mitigation commitments. While the agreement’s flexible design has attracted broad participation, its lenient informational requirements for pledges have also engendered considerable ambiguity in countries’ commitments. What are the implications of commitment ambiguity on the credibility of compliance and treaty effectiveness more broadly? This article sheds light on these questions by evaluating the relationship between commitment ambiguity and ambition in countries’ Paris pledges. We introduce a model that disentangles commitment ambiguity into two distinct forms: structural and strategic. We argue that structural ambiguity, which arises from constraints on the information necessary for governments to accurately assess their commitment potential, dampens the ambition levels of pledges. This prudence effect is driven by compliance concern: the anticipation of audience costs in case of non-compliance induces policymakers to adjust ambition downwards. Our empirical analysis of countries’ Nationally Determined Contributions demonstrates that ambiguous pledges exhibit lower ambition than precise ones. In line with our theory, this prudence effect of ambiguity is mainly pronounced among democracies, which face higher domestic audience costs in case of non-compliance with pledges than autocracies. This article contributes a novel theory of ambiguity and ambition in international institutions, which shows how audience-based compliance concerns can discipline cheap talk. Moreover, the article’s empirical findings provide insight into the credibility of countries’ climate pledges under the Paris Agreement, with implications for the treaty’s overall effectiveness prospects.

A Study On Effects of Packaging of FMCG Products On the Buying Behavior of Consumers with Reference to Tirupattur District

The present investigation was carried out with 100 respondents from Tirupattur District. Convenience sampling technique was used for the present study for collection of data. The study was conducted by using both Primary and Secondary data. A structured questionnaire was prepared for the present study. The primary data for the present study was collected with the help of a questionnaire. The secondary data for the present study was collected from journals, magazines, researcher newspapers, and websites. Findings revealed that the impact of packaging and its elements consumer’s purchase decision is quite Signiant in respect to the consumer’s varied choice. For this purpose, the Package’s elements were identified on the basis of its graphics quality, color, size, form, and material of packaging being used on the product. Packaging is the prime force to provide information to the consumer and should satisfy legal requirements for product identification nutritional value, ingredient declaration, net weight, and manufacturer information. A package is the face of a product and the only product exposure consumers experience prior to purchase. Consequently, distinctive or innovative packaging can boost sales in a competitive environment. The concerned study has analyzed the consumer buying behaviour of food packaging products and has examined the customer preference to buy different food products. It has also analyzed the reasons for customer preferences over the commonly preferred food product brands in the market.

Needs and expectations of healthcare professionals regarding the topic of alcohology: Results of a survey conducted in France in 2022

ContextAlcohol-related health problems represent a significant public health concern, and it is imperative for the healthcare team to accurately perceive and detect these issues to provide appropriate care. The objective of this survey was to evaluate the knowledge, practices, and educational background of healthcare professionals in the field of alcohol-related health concerns, aiming to identify their information requirements. MethodsThis study employs a cross-sectional descriptive survey methodology, in which data were gathered through a digital questionnaire designed for healthcare professionals (including those in medical, paramedical, and medico-social professions) working in addictology services as well as other relevant services across France and its overseas departments. ResultsA total of 611 questionnaires were deemed usable for analysis. A considerable percentage of participants reported their knowledge and skills to be insufficient or very insufficient, with rates of 33 % and 36 %, respectively. Moreover, a significant proportion of respondents (≈ 28 %) stated that they had received no education in addictology. Our results highlight differences in levels of knowledge and competence among the various healthcare settings, notably with lower reported levels of satisfaction in hospital settings (public and private), private practice, and in Harm Reduction Centers. Furthermore, certain professions reported unsatisfactory levels of skills and knowledge in alcohol-related issues, particularly support staff, pharmacists, expert patients, administrative staff, and social workers. These findings suggest the need to enhance knowledge and skills by tailoring interventions according to the specific healthcare settings and professions. Additionally, the priority themes and channels for disseminating information varied depending on age, region, and professional category. ConclusionThis survey reveals a low level of knowledge, practice, and education in addictology, emphasizing the critical need for training. The importance of training extends not only to the priority topics addressed but also to the channels used for dissemination, all while customizing them to suit the age, professional category, structure, and region of healthcare professionals.

Defining Information Requirements for Off-Site Construction Management: An Industry Case Study from Canada

Defining Information Requirements for Off-Site Construction Management: An Industry Case Study from Canada

Enhancing strategic decision-making in built asset management through BIM-Enabled asset information modelling (AIM) for public buildings in Ethiopia: A fuzzy-AHP analysis

BIM-Enabled Asset Information Modelling (AIM) entails incorporating extensive data, known as big data, into digital platforms for informed decision-making. However, the lack of accurate and reliable data and the immaturity of BIM integration in existing buildings lead to operational phase performance inefficiencies due to inadequate data access. A strategic approach using BIM-enabled AIM is proposed to address these challenges, with the goal of enhancing data accessibility and adequacy for the operational team's performance. This study aims to develop a framework of information requirements that supports operational strategic decisions in asset portfolio management. To develop the framework, we employed a methodology that combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) a structured technique for organizing and analysing complex decisions with fuzzy logic, which helps handle uncertainty in experts' judgments. A comprehensive questionnaire based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology was developed to gather expert insights on prioritizing information requirements, and it was administered to 11 experts selected for their diverse expertise in problem area. Cost, risk, and business value as selection criteria, while technical, managerial, financial, legal, and commercial categories of information are considered as alternatives in the AHP hierarchy. Utilizing the described methodology, fuzzy-AHP analysis revealed distinct variations in information requirements across the strategic decisions of maintain/keep, improve/adapt, and deconstruct/disassemble. For decisions on whether to maintain/keep buildings, the primary information requirement is managerial (39.6 %), followed by legal (20.7 %) and commercial (20 %), guiding strategic decisions. In contrast, improve/adapt decisions prioritize technical information (39 %), with financial (15.5 %) and legal (13.5 %) considerations also being significant. For the deconstruct/disassemble decisions, technical information requirements are most critical (55.5 %), followed by legal (16.6 %) and commercial (12.8 %) information. The findings highlight the need for tailored data generation strategies in existing buildings to address specific decision requirements, aiding in planning and resource allocation towards efficient AIM. The primary limitation of this study is its reliance on a small pool of 11 experts, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Future research should aim to broaden the expert base to enhance the applicability and robustness of the results.

The sphere of lending according to the legislation of Ukraine and the EU regarding the protection of consumer rights

The article examines the peculiarities of the protection of consumer rights in the field of lending under the legislation of Ukraine and the EU from the point of view of bringing national legislation into line with the requirements of EU law in this area. It was determined that the EU is actively working on improving legal mechanisms for the protection of consumer rights in the field of consumer credit through the adoption of new acts. The article analyzes individual changes in this area, as well as outlines the reasons for such changes. In modern banking practice, a fairly wide list of types of consumer loans is used, the main classification features of which are: types of creditors; types of borrowers; repayment methods; terms of use; degree of credit coverage of the cost of goods, works, and services; software; interest payment methods; lending facilities, loan amounts, loan currency, etc. But the presence of a large number of banking products does not exclude the possibility and does not reduce the need for their further development and expansion, which should contribute to the development of consumer lending in general. The level of socio-economic development of the country directly affects the development of consumer lending, at the same time, the dynamics of such macro-indicators as gross domestic product, income and expenditure of the population, volumes of services provided, retail turnover, average monthly nominal wages, etc. have the greatest influence. Consumer lending has a higher efficiency compared to corporate lending, and this is explained not only by its high profitability, but also by the presence of additional income that accompanies the provision of consumer loans. At the same time, the effectiveness of consumer lending depends on the terms of granting, and accordingly, short-term consumer loans are more effective. Therefore, the performance of banks in general as part of the banking system of Ukraine depends on how the mechanism of consumer lending in banking institutions is formed, how regulation and regulation of consumer lending is carried out. Positively evaluating the adoption of the relevant Law in 2016, the author notes the need for its revision and improvement, taking into account Ukraine’s European integration progress, as well as the importance of preserving the economic well-being of the population of our state in the face of a full-scale invasion. According to the author, the corresponding changes should concern the requirements for information about consumer credit, the specifics of its conclusion from the point of view of accompanying financial instruments, as well as the simplification and improvement of legal mechanisms for early termination of consumer credit contracts.

Determining Information Requirements for a Mobile Self-Care App for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a common condition that affects a person's entire life after diagnosis. Self-care using a mobile phone helps to improve the management and ease the disease. This study aims to identify the educational content needed to design a self-care mobile application for chronic kidney disease patients. Methods: This applied study was conducted using a descriptive method. The tool used was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was validated for reliability and validity. The study population consisted of nephrologists and general surgeons, from which 25 participants were randomly and purposefully selected from the nephrology clinics of Tehran and Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics with SPSS software version 19. Results: The educational content of the application was organized into three main axes, comprising 28 educational needs: Disease information, including understanding kidney function, stages of disease progression, and early and primary signs and symptoms; medications, encompassing familiarity with prescribed medications, drug interactions, and the importance of accurate and timely medication intake; and lifestyle and personal habits, covering healthy nutrition, weight management, and work-related issues. However, topics such as diagnostic methods, various tests, drug side effects, dietary regimens, nutritional energy tables, and opioid use were not deemed essential. Conclusion: The educational needs serve as the first step in designing a self-care application for chronic kidney disease education. By defining the technical capabilities and various features of the application, patient awareness and adherence to desirable self-care behaviors will improve.

An Extensive Review of Leaching Models for the Forecasting and Integrated Management of Surface and Groundwater Quality

The present study reviews leachate models useful for proactive and rehab actions to safeguard surface and subsurface soft water, which have become even more scarce. Integrated management plans of water basins are of crucial importance since intensively cultivated areas are adding huge quantities of fertilizers to the soil, affecting surface water basins and groundwater. Aquifers are progressively being nitrified on account of the nitrogen-based fertilizer surplus, rendering water for human consumption not potable. Well-tested solute leaching models, standalone or part of a model package, provide rapid site-specific estimates of the leaching potential of chemical agents, mostly nitrates, below the root zone of crops and the impact of leaching toward groundwater. Most of the models examined were process-based or conceptual approaches. Nonetheless, empirical prediction models, though rather simplistic and therefore not preferrable, demonstrate certain advantages, such as less demanding extensive calibration database information requirements, which in many cases are unavailable, not to mention a stochastic approach and the involvement of artificial intelligence (AI). Models were categorized according to the porous medium and agents to be monitored. Integrated packages of nutrient models are irreplaceable elements for extensive catchments to monitor the terrestrial nitrogen-balanced cycle and to contribute to policy making as regards soft water management.

A semantic augmented approach to FEMA P-58 based dynamic regional seismic loss estimation application

Regional seismic loss estimation (RSLE) is a crucial process in both immediate post-earthquake emergency response and long-term reconstruction endeavors. Over the years, significant progress has been made in RSLE: sensing approaches such as field investigation and remote sensing offers a comprehensive overview necessary for real-time disaster response, while simulation techniques such as the methodology proposed in Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) P-58 series provide insights into the mechanism of disaster development and its potential long-term impacts on urban assets. Nonetheless, challenges persist in the realm of practical RSLE applications. Firstly, a dynamic understanding of a disaster event and its influence is deemed important for effective emergency responses while challenging to achieve in current approaches. Secondly, stakeholders with varying roles, including administrators, rescue teams and ordinary citizens have distinct information requirements for RSLE. Thirdly, the complexity of seismic loss estimation, involving diverse data sources such as building information models, performance models, fragility data and sensor observations, poses interoperability issue. To tackle these issues, this article introduces a dynamic, multi-granularity, ontological representation scheme tailored for RSLE decision-supporting systems. This scheme operates across various scales, from individual building components to broader regional scales by synergistically employing FEMA P-58 guidelines and Semantic Web technologies. Upon the corresponding semantics, a question-and-answer agent powered by large language model is further developed to facilitate interaction requirements within the RSLE process via FEMA P-58 pipeline. The practical efficacy of this approach is validated through a prototype deployed under a real earthquake event, demonstrating its value in real-world scenarios.