Information Transmission Delay Research Articles

EFFECTIVE DATA TRANSMISSION ALGORITHMS FOR DISTANCE LEARNING

The present time is characterized by the active use of information and communication technologies in education, in particular distance educational technologies. The widespread use of distance learning is due to the ability to study at a convenient time, in a convenient place and pace, providing students with equal opportunities to receive education regardless of their place of residence, health status and material situation. Moreover, and due to the current epidemic in the world, distance learning has become a necessity, accompanied by an increased load on the Internet, therefore, and based on the importance of distance learning in our time, it is necessary to develop effective data transfer algorithms to ensure the optimal operation of the distance learning process. This paper discusses the various mechanism and network protocols used in distance learning, and technical requirements almost for each of them, suggests a new mechanism and algorithm for supporting the transmission of multimedia packets which are very essential and important in the process of distance learning, explains the concept of quality-of-service QoS in computer networks and its importance to provide a good data transmission through the network, Quality of service is based on the management of such data transmission parameters as network bandwidth, information transmission delay, percentage of packet loss in the network and jitter, every type of network application imposes its own QoS requirements to ensure successful and effective data transfer.

Automatic Repair Method for D2D Communication Routing Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Cellular Network

Repairing D2D communication routing buffer overflow in a cellular network is of great significance in improving communication quality and security. Due to the increase of user usage, the communication data are easy to exceed the boundary of the buffer, resulting in the reduction of covered data information. The traditional repair methods mainly repair through the characteristics of covered data information, ignoring the impact of network topology information transmission delay and packet loss during calculation, resulting in the problem of low communication security. A cellular network routing buffer overflow repair algorithm based on the homomorphic analysis of node residual energy is proposed; the cellular network D2D communication routing protocol is designed; the cellular network D2D communication protocol path index is determined; then, the cellular network D2D communication routing protocol is designed by analyzing node residual energy; and the cellular network D2D communication network routing optimization method based on AHP is designed. Big constructs the energy model of cellular network D2D communication network, solves and sets the routing optimization objective function, realizes the control of network routing, and repairs the buffer overflow. The experiment results show that the improved method can effectively reduce the packet loss rate of communication data, improve the anti-interference ability of the system, and ensure the security of network communication.

Rendezvous of Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems With Nonuniform Time-Varying Information Delays: An Adaptive Approach

This article considers the rendezvous problem of a group of heterogeneous second-order agents subject to information transmission delays. A major challenge to construct a fully distributed rendezvous protocol is to deal with these delays, which are assumed to be nonuniform and time-varying. Inspired by the fact that a large enough damping coefficient can improve the robustness of a second-order agent against external disturbance, we overcome the above challenge by studying the impact of the damping coefficient on the rendezvous problem. To theoretically analyze the impact, one type of static rendezvous protocol is first proposed and employed. It is interesting to find that agents can reach rendezvous under the static protocol if the damping coefficient is large enough, even though the duration of the time-delay is uncertain. This fact indicates that a large damping coefficient can make the static protocol be robust to the uncertainty of time-delay, which is consistent with the common sense. Then, we apply this impact to deal with the uncertainty introduced by the nonuniform time-varying information delays. To fully apply this impact, we adopt an adaptive approach to making the damping coefficient automatically adapt with the changes of the time-delay. Hence, two classes of fully distributed and adaptive rendezvous protocols are designed, which do not need the global information of the entire communication graph or the value of these time-delays at all. The difference between two classes of protocols is whether it can realize low-frequency learning or not. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed on multiple robots to illustrate the analytical results.

Design and Implementation of Intelligent Gateway System for Monitoring Livestock and Poultry Feeding Environment Based on Bluetooth Low Energy

This article proposes a gateway system design method applied to the monitoring of a breeding environment based on Bluetooth low energy consumption. Through the queue mechanism and buffer management method, the key information that has the greatest impact on the monitoring effect is sent first, and the feedback mechanism is used to adjust the sampling period of the node in conjunction with the abnormal degree of the monitoring parameter. Experimental results show that the system constructed in this article significantly shortens the transmission delay of key information, with an average packet loss rate of 1.09%. Compared with the traditional method, this method is more timely and effective in handling abnormal data. It effectively solves the short distance and low efficiency of Bluetooth “point-to-multipoint” communication in the case of high data concurrency, and improves the reliability and stability of communication. In turn, the losses caused by environmental mutations are reduced.

A Cascading Failure Model Considering Operation Characteristics of the Communication Layer

The coupling of communication networks plays an indispensable role in modern power systems; however, it also leads to many problems due to cascading failure. Although most current research focuses on the single-layer, non-interacting system and physical layer network, few studies have combined the complex network theory to ignore the influence of communication networks. To address this problem, this paper introduces a cascading failure model of a cyber physical power system (CPPS) that considers the operation characteristics of the communication layer, especially the influence of transmission delay and connectivity on stability control. First, the influence mode of the communication layer failure node acting on the physical layer is analyzed, and the interaction mechanism between the communication layer and physical layer is clarified. Furthermore, the propagation process of failure in the CPPS system is modeled, and the influence of information transmission delay on the stability control process is considered. In this manner, the development process of cascading failure in a CPPS system is described accurately. Finally, according to the loss rate of the physical layer load, the influence of the communication layer node is evaluated to verify the accuracy of the model. This paper also provides a practical model of a CPPS system, which is helpful for building a secure and reliable energy Internet.

Minimum transmission delay algorithm for multi-hop nodes in Internet of Things based on symmetric algorithm

In view of the increase of network information transmission times, the transmission delay of multi hop nodes in the Internet of Things increases, resulting in the decline of network information transmission performance. In order to improve the quality and performance of information transmission, a minimum transmission delay algorithm of multi-hop nodes in the Internet of Things is designed based on symmetric algorithm. In the perception layer of the Internet of Things, based on the revocable symmetric encryption algorithm, the multi-hop nodes in the perception layer are encrypted; The link information transmission delay under the direct transmission, cooperative transmission and multi-hop transmission modes is compared, and the gradient projection algorithm is used to solve the problem of minimizing the delay of multi-hop nodes’ information transmission in the Internet of Things. After calculating the projection matrix and the gradient, the iteration terminates when the steady link traffic and the delay value are obtained. The source node refers to the network node that acts as the source to send the original data packet; the source node uses this algorithm to select the transmission mode with minimum delay, and sends information to the destination node step by step. The simulation test shows that the algorithm can guarantee the security of data transmission of multi-hop nodes in the Internet of Things, and the transmission delay is the minimum.

Model of control access process in wireless computer network

The problem of ensuring the minimum delivery time of information with prevention of collisions is a pressing problem in ACS TP, since collisions often occur during transmission or the delay time of information is not optimal. This problem is solved by the use of wireless computer networks and methods of information transmission with collision prevention, which affect the delay time of information transmission. The developed model of the access control process in wireless computer networks solves the problem of effective information transfer with collision prevention. The purpose of using this model is to reduce the delay in information transmission. ACS TP often needs modernization as technical innovations are becoming available. At the same time, the quality of production should not fluctuate. The most important element of modernization is the use of wireless technologies that save money and time, compared to the deployment of wired networks. The aim of the work is to develop the model of control access process in a wireless computer network with collision prevention. The process of forming delay slots for information transfer has been researched. The object of the study is a wireless computer network in the ACS TP. The subject of the study is a model of control access process in a wireless computer network with collision prevention. The research objectives are to create requirements for the model, to propose a structure, to create a model, to conduct tests and evaluate the obtained results. The model of access control process in a wireless computer network designed to transmit information with prevention of collisions in a wireless computer network has been developed.

Research on Sewage Monitoring and Water Quality Prediction Based on Wireless Sensors and Support Vector Machines

Water resource protection has an important impact on ecosystem security and human survival. Therefore, water quality testing and early warning of the sewage status are getting more and more attention. In order to solve the problems of information transmission delay and insufficient water quality prediction in current water quality monitoring, this paper proposes a wireless sensor-based dynamic water quality monitoring and prediction technology. Firstly, this paper uses the wireless sensor technology and ZigBee protocol to establish a sewage monitoring model and real-time dynamic monitoring of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and other indicators of the water quality of the basin. Secondly, on the basis of wireless monitoring, a support vector algorithm is used to construct a water quality prediction model to make a reasonable prediction of the water quality of the watershed. Finally, the actual test results show that the technology can automatically and real-timely monitor the water quality of the watershed to meet the requirements of water quality monitoring in practical applications.

An Adaptive Channel Hopping and Dynamic Superframe Selection Scheme With QoS Considerations for Emergency Traffic Transmission in IEEE 802.15.6-Based Wireless Body Area Networks

In modern days, as medical technology advances and the world’s population grows, healthcare has been undergoing crucial changes. The common practice of clinical treatment is gradually being overhauled by ubiquitous healthcare systems. The wireless body area networks (WBANs) are becoming increasingly important for future healthcare applications. According to the human physiological information, WBAN not only sends the real-time notification to the user but also decreases the transmission delay of patient information to the physician for the medical decision. As medical emergency information must be transmitted after a disaster occurrence, the number of WBANs and emergency traffic increase in the particular area. In the situations, a large number of WBANs may be close to each other, thus causing inter-WBAN interference and increasing the transmission delay. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a dynamic channel and superframe selection scheme (DCSSS) in IEEE 802.15.6 WBANs. DCSSS records the channel interference degree which is used to adaptively select different superframe structures and to effectively transmit data. It mitigates the inter-WBAN interference to improve the transmission delay and QoS violation. Additionally, it increases the chance of successful data transmission before the deadline of the data as well as reduces power consumption.

Event-based bipartite multi-agent consensus with partial information transmission and communication delays under antagonistic interactions

This paper mainly concentrates on the event-based bipartite consensus (BCs) in multi-agent networks (MANs) with partial information transmission (PIT) and communication delays. Two types of communication constraints, i.e., time delays and partial information transmission, makethe BCs problem in MANs more challenging andpractical.A distributed event-triggered scheme (ETS) isproposed for the considered MANs. Based on the proposed ETS, it is observed that the addressed MANs reaches BCs provided that the network is balanced.A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

Adaptation to Laterally Asymmetrical Visuomotor Delay Has an Effect on Action But Not on Perception.

When interacting with the environment, the sensorimotor system faces temporal and spatial discrepancies between sensory inputs, such as delay in sensory information transmission, and asymmetrical visual inputs across space. These discrepancies can affect motor control and the representation of space. We recently showed that adaptation to a laterally asymmetric delay in the visual feedback induces neglect-like effects in blind drawing movements, expressed by asymmetrical elongation of circles that are drawn in different workspaces and directions; this establishes a possible connection between delayed feedback and asymmetrical spatial processing in the control of action. In the current study, we investigate whether such adaptation also influences visual perception. In addition, we examined transfer to another motor task – a line bisection task that is commonly used to detect spatial disorders, and extend these results to examine the mapping of these neglect-like effects. We performed two sets of experiments in which participants executed lateral reaching movements, and were exposed to visual feedback delay only in the left workspace. We examined transfer of adaptation to a perceptual line bisection task – answers about the perceived midline of lines that were presented in different directions and workspaces, and to a blind motor line bisection task – reaching movements toward the centers of similar lines. We found that the adaptation to the asymmetrical delay transferred to the control of lateral movements, but did not affect the perceived location of the midlines. Our results clarify the effect of asymmetrical delayed visual feedback on perception and action, and provide potential insights on the link between visuomotor delay and neurological disorders such as the hemispatial neglect syndrome.

Quantized L1 filtering for stochastic networked control systems based on T–S fuzzy model

This paper is concerned with the L1 filtering problem for a class of nonlinear Ito^ stochastic networked control systems (NCSs) described by Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model. Considering the disadvantages of network-induced delay and quantization error in information transmission, new results on stability and L1 performance are proposed for T–S fuzzy stochastic NCSs by exploiting a Lyapunov–Krasovskii function and by means of the Ito^ stochastic differential equations. Specially, attention is focused on the design of quantization filters of both the fuzzy-rule-independent and fuzzy-rule-dependent that guarantee a prescribed L1 noise attenuation level γ with respect to all persistent and amplitude-bounded disturbance input signals. Then, when fuzzy-rule-independent filter is employed, a sufficient condition is proposed to guarantee the mean-square asymptotic stability with an L1 performance for the T–S fuzzy filtering error system. The corresponding design problem of L1 filter is converted into a convex optimization problem by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Further, the parallel results with the fuzzy-rule-dependent filtering case are obtained, which have less conservatism than the fuzzy-rule-independent one. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Multimedia intelligent fog computing scheme based on robust perception for complex networks

The dynamic topology of complex networks, the randomness of environmental noise and the uncertainty of data links make it difficult to guarantee the quality of multimedia services. This paper combines synchronization control, robustness perception and fog computing in complex networks to improve the quality of multimedia services, and designs a series of architecture and control algorithms for complex networks. Firstly, a synchronization control algorithm for complex networks is proposed based on the analysis of the multi-edge data flow cannot be exhausted, the mixing of multi-direction information transmission delay, the undirected multi-period characteristics of information collection delay and the requirements of multi-media tasks with different attributes. Then, aiming at optimizing the extraction of multimedia desired quality in complex environment, a multimedia transmission control algorithm is designed based on the robustness of complex network. This algorithm can accurately extract the desired multimedia signal from the environment noise, video, image and other redundant multimedia signals. Secondly, by adjusting the minimum spanning tree size of multipath system and scheduling multimedia data transmission, an intelligent algorithm for multimedia fog computation is designed. Finally, mathematical analysis and simulation experiments verify the correctness of the proposed algorithm from the aspects of real-time, feasibility, execution efficiency and resource utilization.

Improved Ant Colony-Genetic Algorithm for Information Transmission Path Optimization in Remanufacturing Service System

The information transmission path optimization (ITPO) can often affect the efficiency and accuracy of remanufacturing service. However, there is a greater degree of uncertainty and complexity in information transmission of remanufacturing service system, which leads to a critical need for designing planning models to deal with this added uncertainty and complexity. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) model of remanufacturing service information network for information transmission is developed, which combines the physic coordinate and the transmitted properties of all the devices in the remanufacturing service system. In order to solve the basic ITPO in the 3D model, an improved 3D ant colony algorithm (Improved AC) was put forward. Moreover, to further improve the operation efficiency of the algorithm, an improved ant colony-genetic algorithm (AC-GA) that combines the improved AC and genetic algorithm was developed. In addition, by taking the transmission of remanufacturing service demand information of certain roller as example, the effectiveness of AC-GA algorithm was analyzed and compared with that of improved AC, and the results demonstrated that AC-GA algorithm was superior to AC algorithm in aspects of information transmission delay, information transmission cost, and rate of information loss.

On the information transmission delay of the lexicographic product of digraphs

The maximum distance and average distance of a digraph play significant roles in analyzing efficiency of interconnection networks; it provides an efficient parameter to measure the transmission delay in the network. In this paper, we use the lexicographic product method to construct a larger digraph from several specified small digraphs. The digraph constructed by this way can contain the factor digraphs as subgraphs and preserve many desirable properties of the factor digraphs. By using the extremal values way of algebra, we investigate the distance parameters of the lexicographic product of digraphs and establish a formula for the vertex distance of the lexicographic product of digraphs.

How synaptic plasticity influences spike synchronization and its transitions in complex neuronal network.

There is evidence that synaptic plasticity is a vital feature of realistic neuronal systems. This study, describing synaptic plasticity by a modified Oja learning rule, focuses on the effect of synapse learning rate on spike synchronization and its relative transitions in a Newman-Watts small-world neuronal network. The individual dynamics of each neuron is modeled by a simple Rulkov map that produces spiking behavior. Numerical results have indicated that large coupling can lead to a spatiotemporally synchronous pattern of spiking neurons; in addition, this kind of spike synchronization can emerge intermittently by turning information transmission delay between coupled neurons. Interestingly, with the advent of synaptic plasticity, spike synchronization is gradually destroyed by increasing synapse learning rate; moreover, the phenomenon of intermittent synchronization transitions becomes less and less obvious and it even disappears for relative larger learning rate. Further simulations confirm that spike synchronization as well as synchronization transitions is largely independent of network size. Meanwhile, we detect that large shortcuts probability can facilitate spike synchronization, but it is disadvantageous for delay-induced synchronization transitions.

Secure and Efficient Privacy-Preserving Ciphertext Retrieval in Connected Vehicular Cloud Computing

As vehicular equipment is becoming more and more intelligent, the vehicular information service, as the main means of capturing information, has been far from able to meet the needs of occupants [1, 2]. Cloud computing, with its powerful computing and storage capabilities, convenient network access, energy saving and excellent scalability, reliability, availability, and other advantages, can be an effective solution to the limitations of existing automotive information services. Connected vehicular cloud computing, which combines cloud computing and VANETs, has the characteristics of both a cloud platform and a mobile ad hoc network, including autonomy and no fixed structure, good scalability, and so on. However, during the information retrieval, high-density node distribution and high-speed mobile nodes may directly affect the information transmission capacity of a VANET by information tampering, transmission delay, and other issues. In this article, we propose a ciphertext-based search system that exploits RSUs as super peers for connected vehicular cloud computing. The proposed system supports ciphertext retrieval for related documents. In the proposed system, all the computations and retrieval operations are handled by super stationary peers, while documents are stored in the cloud to achieve high efficiency and security of the index structure. We can also reduce the impact of vehicle dynamics on the information retrieval process in this way. In our system, the indexing efficiency is also improved by utilizing a hybrid indexing structure in which binary trees are nested in a B+ tree. Through security analysis and performance evaluation, we demonstrate that our proposal can achieve acceptable security and efficiency.

Research on multichannel transmission of security information in MAC layer based on zoom and forward in VANETs

Vehicle Ad-Hoc networks (VANETs) needs to provide time-delay sensitive communication service for security application and non-security application, which makes medium access control (MAC) not only meet the time delay and reliability of security information, but also ensure the service channel utilization of non-security information, and also proposes challenges for the design of MAC. Considering about the requirements of security application and non-security application of VANETs for information transmission, MAC improvement algorithm I-TDMA-MAC based on TDMA has been proposed. I-TDMA-MAC considers about both the time delay and reliability of security information transmission and the utilization of service channel. I-TDMA-MAC allocates two sub-slots for reach vehicle, improves security information transmission performance; at the same time, re-allocates idle slot and improves utilization of service channel. Simulation results have shown that compared with TCMAC, the transmission rate of data packet of I-TDMA-MAC has been increased to 99% and the utilization of service channel has been increased to 90%.

Communication Mechanism and Algorithm of Composite Location Analysis of Emergency Communication based on Rail

The emergency communication system based on rail is an unconventional emergency communication mode, it is a complement equipment for that conventional communication system can’t work while tunnel mine accident occurs. Medium of transmission channel is the widely existing rail in the tunnel. In this paper we analyzed the characteristics of the rail transmission channel, verified the feasibility that information is transmitted by vibration signal in rail, we proposed the realization plan of the system. Communication protocol and processing mechanism suitable for rail transmission are designed according to the characteristics of channel bandwidth and low data transmission. Information communication with low bit rate and low bit error is realized in the communication simulation model. In the simplified model, we realized to transmit recognition speech information, and the error rate of the key text information is low to accept. The most concerned problem of personnel location in the mine disaster rescue is proposed, the composite algorithm is based on the model of signal amplitude attenuation, key node information and data frame transmission delay. Location information of hitting point can be achieved within the simplified model of the experiment. Furthermore, we discuss the characteristics of vibration signals passing through different channels.

Dynamics of scroll waves with time-delay propagation in excitable media

Information transmission delay can be widely observed in various systems. Here, we study the dynamics of scroll waves with time-delay propagation among slices in excitable media. Weak time delay induces scroll waves to meander. Through increasing the time delay, we find a series of dynamical transitions. Firstly, the straight filament of a scroll wave becomes twisted. Then, the scroll wave breaks and forms interesting patterns. With long time delay, loosed scroll waves are maintained while their period are greatly decreased. Also, cylinder waves appears. The influences of diffusively coupling strength on the time-delay-induced scroll waves are studied. It is found that the critical time delay characterizing those transitions decreases as the coupling strength is increased. A phase diagram in the diffusive coupling-time delay plane is presented.