Information Technology Foundation Research Articles

Neutralizing IFN-γ autoantibodies are rare and pathogenic in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 individuals.

BACKGROUNDWeakly virulent environmental mycobacteria (EM) can cause severe disease in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 adults harboring neutralizing anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (nAIGAs). The overall prevalence of nAIGAs in the general population is unknown, as are the penetrance of nAIGAs in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 individuals and the proportion of patients with unexplained, adult-onset EM infections carrying nAIGAs.METHODSThis study analyzed the detection and neutralization of anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (auto-Abs) from 8,430 healthy individuals of the general population, 257 HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 carriers, 1,063 patients with autoimmune disease, and 497 patients with unexplained severe disease due to EM.RESULTSWe found that anti-IFN-γ auto-Abs detected in 4,148 of 8,430 healthy individuals (49.2%) from the general population of an unknown HLA-DRB1 genotype were not neutralizing. Moreover, we did not find nAIGAs in 257 individuals carrying HLA-DRB1* 15:02 or 16:02. Additionally, nAIGAs were absent in 1,063 patients with an autoimmune disease. Finally, 7 of 497 patients (1.4%) with unexplained severe disease due to EM harbored nAIGAs.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that nAIGAs are isolated and that their penetrance in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 individuals is low, implying that they may be triggered by rare germline or somatic variants. In contrast, the risk of mycobacterial disease in patients with nAIGAs is high, confirming that these nAIGAs are the cause of EM disease.FUNDINGThe Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Rockefeller University, the St. Giles Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01AI095983 and U19AIN1625568), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), the NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program (UL1 TR001866), the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the "Investments for the Future" program (ANR-10-IAHU-01), the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), ANR-GENMSMD (ANR-16-CE17-0005-01), ANR-MAFMACRO (ANR-22-CE92-0008), ANRSECTZ170784, the French Foundation for Medical Research (FRM) (EQU201903007798), the ANRS-COV05, ANR GENVIR (ANR-20-CE93-003), and ANR AI2D (ANR-22-CE15-0046) projects, the ANR-RHU program (ANR-21-RHUS-08-COVIFERON), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 824110 (EASI-genomics), the Square Foundation, Grandir - Fonds de solidarité pour l'enfance, the Fondation du Souffle, the SCOR Corporate Foundation for Science, the Battersea & Bowery Advisory Group, William E. Ford, General Atlantic's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Gabriel Caillaux, General Atlantic's Co-President, Managing Director, and Head of business in EMEA, and the General Atlantic Foundation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) and of Paris Cité University. JR was supported by the INSERM PhD program for doctors of pharmacy (poste d'accueil INSERM). JR and TLV were supported by the Bettencourt-Schueller Foundation and the MD-PhD program of the Imagine Institute. MO was supported by the David Rockefeller Graduate Program, the Funai Foundation for Information Technology (FFIT), the Honjo International Scholarship Foundation (HISF), and the New York Hideyo Noguchi Memorial Society (HNMS).

Some methodological aspects of mathematical modeling in dynamic systems

This paper is devoted to methodologies in the field of mathematical foundations of information technology and computer sciences. The theoretical foundations of mathematical modeling of dynamic systems are briefly presented. Various aspects of the concept of a model are considered. The division into types of models is presented. The steps of the mathematical modeling process are detailed. Basic requirements for mathematical models are formulated. The main approaches used in the process of mathematical modeling are described.

Subverting or preserving the institution: Competing IT firm and foundation discourses about open source

The data economy depends on digital infrastructure produced in self-managed projects and communities. To understand how information technology (IT) firms communicate to a volunteer workforce, we examine IT firm and foundation employee discourses about open source. We posit that organizations employ rhetorical strategies to advocate for or resist changing the meaning of this institution. Our analysis of discourses collected at three open source professional conferences in 2019 is complemented by computational methods, which generate semantic clusters from presentation summaries. In terms of defining digital infrastructure, business models, and the firm-community relationship, we find a clear division between the discourses of large firm and consortia foundation employees, on one hand, and small firm and non-profit foundation employees, on the other. These divisions reflect these entities’ roles in the data economy and levels of concern about predatory “Big Tech” practices, which transform common goods to be shared into proprietary assets to be sold.

Rural Tourism Resource Research Based on Multisensor and Geographic Information Big Data

With the continuous improvement of living standards, the rapid development of tourism, and increasing maturity of traveler behavior, tourism has become an essential part of people’s daily life. Also, in recent years, with the continued development of economic and global integration, coordinated development has become a global trend. After more than 30 years of development and exploration, rural tourism in China is increasingly diversified. The accelerated development of a new socialist countryside and the integrated development of urban and rural areas provide important options for urban residents to escape from their habitual environment and seek leisure, comfort, and relaxation. Meanwhile, rural tourism development is based on certain resources and has a great coupling relationship with China’s urban and rural development. As a result, rural tourism has long become a hot issue for academic research. However, with the continuous promotion of rural revitalization, rural tourism in China has presented some serious problems such as resource overdraft. These issues have caused serious harm to China’s rural tourism resources and cultural heritage. On this basis, it is necessary to view rural tourism development from the perspective of coordinated regional development. Specifically, rural tourism resources should be characterized through a method of character selection to sort out rural development paths. At the same time, the development of regional tourism linkages for villages with shared source markets, dense location distribution, and similar landscape resources can effectively avoid regional homogeneous competition, form complementary advantages, and achieve sustainable development of regional economy, culture, and society. In addition, with the continuous development of information technology and computer technology in recent years, the construction of digital countryside has been completed. In other words, the conditions are in place to establish a rural tourism resource information platform that combines tourism information database and geospatial framework. The establishment of rural tourism resources information system will meet the information requirements of tourists and tourism management departments and lay the foundation of information technology for the development of rural tourism. Therefore, this study combines multisensor and geographic information big data technology to explore rural tourism resources. After that, based on the analysis of the evaluation results, specific regional overall linkage development strategies are proposed in four aspects: coordinating regional resources, optimizing resource allocation, integrating spatial types, and establishing regional brands. This can provide an effective strategic support for the diversified development direction of rural tourism.

Accounting for the future: Technology contributions from a local perspective

The aim of the research is to discuss the scientific and professional future aspirations for accounting according to the technological reality, from a local Iraqi perspective. The research was launched from two main dimensions of the concept of accounting for the future: Analyzing challenges and ways to face them. As these two dimensions were dealt with according to the requirements of global accounting standardization and the developments of the foundations of information technology and their reflection in microeconomic accounting represented in activating accounting information systems through the use of cloud computing and blockchain, and in macroeconomic accounting represented in government and tax accounting, as well as Auditing accounts. The descriptive and analytical approach was adopted in analyzing the current accounting reality and local developments in accounting from a future perspective, and a questionnaire form was distributed to a number of academics affiliated with Iraqi universities. The research concluded that the contributions of information technology will be more clear in drawing accounting for the future through activating the accounting information systems for Iraqi companies, followed by auditing accounts and finally government and tax accounting. One of the most important challenges for the future of accounting in Iraq is the absence of pressure groups that work to consolidate accounting developments in actual practices in the Iraqi environment. And that one of the most important ways to face the challenges is to develop sound and objective plans that are compatible with internal environmental conditions and fulfill the requirements that support the future global adherence of accountability.

Foundations of information technology based on Bunge\u2019s systemist philosophy of reality

General ontology is a prominent theoretical foundation for information technology analysis, design, and development. Ontology is a branch of philosophy which studies what exists in reality. A widely used ontology in information systems, especially for conceptual modeling, is the BWW (Bunge–Wand–Weber), which is based on ideas of the philosopher and physicist Mario Bunge, as synthesized by Wand and Weber. The ontology was founded on an early subset of Bunge’s philosophy; however, many of Bunge’s ideas have evolved since then. An important question, therefore, is: do the more recent ideas expressed by Bunge call for a new ontology? In this paper, we conduct an analysis of Bunge’s earlier and more recent works to address this question. We present a new ontology based on Bunge’s later and broader works, which we refer to as Bunge’s Systemist Ontology (BSO). We then compare BSO to the constructs of BWW. The comparison reveals both considerable overlap between BSO and BWW, as well as substantial differences. From this comparison and the initial exposition of BSO, we provide suggestions for further ontology studies and identify research questions that could provide a fruitful agenda for future scholarship in conceptual modeling and other areas of information technology.

THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AT THE STATE AND LOCAL LEVELS

Now, the cause of inefficient management in many enterprises of Ukraine is the insufficient use of information technology. Despite the active support of the sector by the state, the problems of studying and speeding up information flows, development and implementation of information and software systems for automation of management, lack of vision of the prospect IT implementation in managers and, as a consequence, reduction of management mobility, etc. are not fully resolved. The effectiveness of managing the settlement territories depends to a great extent on the completeness and reliability of the initial information used in making decisions on its strategic and operational development. The required information is measured by thousands of indicators that characterize the quantitative and qualitative state of the elements of the environment of the settlement and is collected, accumulated and processed by various branch bodies of state and local authorities. Using e-government tools will provide a significant improvement in service quality individuals and legal entities and increasing openness, transparency and efficiency of the activity of state and local self-government bodies. In addition, the introduction of e-government is a basic prerequisite for building an efficient digital economy and digital market in Ukraine. It is the generalization of electronic registers that will make it possible to make an effective management decision. The purpose of the scientific article is to identify the directions, mechanisms for improving the efficiency of management and control, case study and the influence of the information and communication technologies use on the management systems at the state and local levels. Methodology. The study of the subject area, theoretical foundations of information technology in the management of Vinnytsia areas of improvement; identifying tools and methods for implementing information systems in greening management. The subject of the study is the impact of information technology on improving the effectiveness of control and management decisions. Based on the analysis of information and communication technologies in management local authorities and experience of foreign countries in the area of urban improvement, areas of research to improve management and control are identified. Result of the research. It is determined that the use of information technologies in public administration contributes to the formation of an open democratic society, which will guarantee the observance of the constitutional rights of citizens, to participate in public life, to make appropriate decisions by public authorities and local self-government bodies. The use of e-government tools will significantly improve the quality of service for individuals and legal entities and increase the openness, transparency and efficiency of the activity of public authorities and local self-government bodies.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEMS

Objectives. The aim of the study is to develop information technology design systems for monitoring load-bearing structures of buildings and structures of a higher category of responsibility based on the initial data on the construction object and the results of engineering surveys.Method. The article discusses the approach to the formalization of the description of the procedure for developing projects for monitoring buildings and structures, based on the design features of the SMC building structures, the engineering experience of designing these systems.Result. The article presents the conceptual foundations of the developed information technology, the algorithm for determining the monitoring mode based on information about the construction object, the algorithm for the macro to determine the most loaded nodes and elements in the complex finite element modeling. Recommendations are given for determining the control parameters, the composition of the measuring equipment.Conclusion. The conceptual foundations of information technology developed in the course of the research allow for the further development of algorithms and programs for the automated analysis of information about the object and the construction site in order to obtain the automatic mode of the results necessary for developing monitoring systems for buildings and structures of a higher category of responsibility.

The Practice and Application of Computer Network in “Information Technology Foundation” Education

The computer network plays an important role in modern higher education in China. “Information technology foundation” course is an important professional basic course for “mathematics and statistics”, “physics and electrical engineering”, “information science and technology” such specialties. The mixed education mode is adopted in the course, combined with the network platform as auxiliary teaching tools, therefore, better teaching results have been achieved in practice. This paper expounds the content setting and mixed teaching system structure of the “information technology foundation” course, and gives the usage and statistical data results of the online teaching platform applied by some students in the three grades of 2016, 2017 and 2018. The research shows that the use of network platform is of great help to improve the teaching effect. At the same time, some problems of using network platform are pointed out.

An exploratory study of digital workforce competency in Thailand

Industry 4.0 and the digital age have dramatically influenced both information technology (IT) job characteristics and IT labor demand. Leaders in higher education must keep up with the situation and accelerate plans to produce graduates with the quality and preparation required to meet industry needs. But based on the existing demand gap, universities are eager to first know which skills the IT-related industries expect from new digital workers. This study, conducted in Thailand, explores the competency of the digital workforce, an issue that was identified as vital to the 2017–2021 national agenda. The research project was divided into two steps. Phase one was to study and identify essential competencies for the digital workforce by first reviewing the literature, then verifying these results through qualitative methodology. Thirty IT experts in IT and related industries were invited to interview sessions. Eventually, after content analysis, 24 competencies were presented. Phase two was to survey the competency expectations of IT experts by using the initial questions generated by Phase One's outcome. 260 questionnaires were analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was selected to cluster the digital workforce competencies that were found. Three significant categories were selected based on Eigenvalue, and the average results of demand were explained. Industries had most expected competencies in the Professional skills and IT knowledge category, followed by the IT technical category and IT management and support category. The top five competencies desired were lifelong learning, personal attitude, teamwork, dependability, and IT foundations. However, there were some slightly different requirements between the IT industry and IT in non-IT industries. The results presented a new perspective that is very useful to Thailand. The academic sector can use these results to shape IT curriculum in order to effectively respond to real demand. In addition, recent graduates or graduating students can study these conclusions and better prepare themselves for future jobs.

Disaster Recovery Site Evaluations and Selections for Information Systems of Academic Big Data

The most dramatic factor shaping the future of higher education is Big Data and analytics. In the Big Data era, the explosive growth of massive data manipulations imposes a heavy burden on computation, storage, and communication in data centers. Increasing uncertainties in information system availability have become a daily serious problem. An appropriate evaluation and selection of the right information system disaster recovery (DR) site can ensure business continuity and investment optimization. Therefore, this research aims to establish an analytic framework for evaluating, selecting DR sites for academic Big Data. The proposed analytic framework is consisting of the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), DEMATEL-based network process (DNP) and VIsekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje (VIKOR) methods. An empirical study based on a real Big Data DR application of an Asian high-performance computer center’s evaluation and selection of DR sites for academic Big Data will be used to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed framework. The analytic results can serve as a foundation for information technology (IT) administrators’ strategies to reduce the performance gaps of a DR site for Big Data manipulations in general, and academic Big Data manipulations in special.

Constructing the informatics and information technology foundations of a medical device evaluation system: a report from the FDA unique device identifier demonstration.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recognized the need to improve the tracking of medical device safety and performance, with implementation of Unique Device Identifiers (UDIs) in electronic health information as a key strategy. The FDA funded a demonstration by Mercy Health wherein prototype UDIs were incorporated into its electronic information systems. This report describes the demonstration's informatics architecture. Prototype UDIs for coronary stents were created and implemented across a series of information systems, resulting in UDI-associated data flow from manufacture through point of use to long-term follow-up, with barcode scanning linking clinical data with UDI-associated device attributes. A reference database containing device attributes and the UDI Research and Surveillance Database (UDIR) containing the linked clinical and device information were created, enabling longitudinal assessment of device performance. The demonstration included many stakeholders: multiple Mercy departments, manufacturers, health system partners, the FDA, professional societies, the National Cardiovascular Data Registry, and information system vendors. The resulting system of systems is described in detail, including entities, functions, linkage between the UDIR and proprietary systems using UDIs as the index key, data flow, roles and responsibilities of actors, and the UDIR data model. The demonstration provided proof of concept that UDIs can be incorporated into provider and enterprise electronic information systems and used as the index key to combine device and clinical data in a database useful for device evaluation. Keys to success and challenges to achieving this goal were identified. Fundamental informatics principles were central to accomplishing the system of systems model.

Foundations of sustainability information representation theory: spatial–temporal dynamics of sustainable systems

A critical need exists to broaden and deepen sustainability information foundations that can foster growth of actionable knowledge about human–environment relations to address grand challenges in sustainable system domains such as sustainable development, social–ecological systems, and hazards influencing global environmental change. Broad-based information is needed to integrate across domains to address sustainability problems cast as complex systems problems that vary widely across space and time. Deep-based information is needed to address nuanced and contextual relationships that exist within and across domains. Both broad and deep information together are needed to better address spatial–temporal dynamics in complex sustainable systems. According to many publications, the concept of sustainable systems is considered to be at the core of self-organizing systems; and in turn, the concept of self-organizing systems is at the core of social–ecological systems, coupled natural–human systems, and human–environment systems. The sustainable systems concept is elucidated in terms of ontological and epistemological foundations from geographic information representation theory. A framework for Measurement-informed Ontology and Epistemology for Sustainability Information Representation, drawing from research about ontology and epistemology in geographic information science, provides the foundation for elucidating concepts and relations about sustainability information representation in general and sustainable systems in particular. The framework is developed to form a core of sustainability information representation theory, and consequently provides a basis for articulating first principles about the character of space–time data models that can be used to create computational models within geographic information systems (GIS). An example applies the framework to common pool resources as sustainable systems. Developing the framework and exploring an example fosters intellectual bridge building between sustainability science and sustainability management in the form of a sustainability information science. That intellectual bridge building of sustainability information science supports societal progress moving knowledge into decision action toward sustainable development, encouraging new insight for designs of space–time data models, and extending GIS as an information technology foundation for sustainability management. Conclusions and directions for next steps in research about sustainability information representation theory in general and sustainable systems in particular are offered.

On the Construction of Safety Running and Management Systems for Chinese E-Government System

The operational safety has become a bottleneck problem in the construction of e-government system. The perfection of the safety management system is particularly significant to guarantee the e-government operational safety under the circumstances of a comparatively backward information technology foundation in China. The safety running and management systems can be classified into two main aspects: safety administration management and technical safety management. The former includes establishing the safety management organization system, improving the responsibility system of safety management, strengthening the management of network information, stressing the management and development of human resources and so on. And the safety management of the host computer sites, data management for computer system, the establishment of a standardized data and information management system, emergency recovery measures, the establishment of the security auditing system, safety assessment and so on make up of the latter.

Two-Level Trust Model Based on Mutual Trust in Peer-to-Peer Networks

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 一种对等网中基于相互信任的两层信任模型 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: Supported by the Ministry of Education-Intel Special Research Foundation for Information Technology under Grant No.MOE-INTEL-08-10 (国家教育部-英特尔信息技术专项科研基金) Two-Level Trust Model Based on Mutual Trust in Peer-to-Peer Networks Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在P2P 系统中,声誉模型是建立节点间信任关系的重要方法之一,但现有的P2P 声誉模型几乎都是纯分散式的,具有信任收敛慢、信任管理复杂和网络开销大等缺点.在TLT(two-level trust)中,节点自发组织为信任簇,信任评价以簇为单位.每个簇由簇首和成员节点组成,簇首和成员节点之间是一种相互信任的关系:簇首为了提高自身的簇间服务信任,利用簇内服务信任观察成员节点的服务性能,过滤恶意的成员节点;成员节点为了提高服务声誉和接受更好的服务,利用代理信任考察簇首的管理能力.分析和仿真结果表明:在TLT 中,节点的信任值收敛快,恶意行为能够被快速识别;TLT 可扩展性好,如信任管理简单和网络开销小. Abstract:The reputation model is one of the most important methods that can be used to construct trust between peers in peer-to-peer systems. However, almost all reputation models for P2P applications are purely decentralized.They have many defects such as slow convergence speed of trust in node, complicated trust management and overwhelming network cost. So to solve these problems TLT (two-level trust), a two-level trust model, is proposed in this paper. In TLT a series of trust clusters are spontaneously formed that are the minimum unit of trust evaluation. Every trust cluster includes some members and a cluster header. There is a mutual trust relationship between the cluster header and member node. For example, in order to increase inter-cluster service trust the cluster header checks the service performance of members and eliminates malicious members by using the concept of intra-cluster service trust; while member nodes, aiming to heighten the service reputation and receive good quality ervices, also examine the management capability of the cluster header and isolate the malicious cluster headers by employing the concept of proxy trust. Analyses and simulations show that malicious behaviors can be quickly identified in TLT because of the fast convergence speed of trust value and TLT is scalable because of its simple trust management and small network overhead. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Interactive e-content development for vocational and technical education

The aim of this study is to investigate interactive and web based simulation contents on education for students’ achievement in Vocational and Technical Education. Research carried on 10th class students in Department of Information Technology at Technical High School. The study was created by utilizing pre-test and post-test model. Sample set consist of 12 test and 12 control subjects, in total 24, 10th class students. Students who enrolled “Foundations of Information Technology” course are provided to make virtual experiments on laboratory application in simulation environment with web based education. Same course is given in traditional teaching and laboratory work style to the control group students. Achievement tests that developed to measure success was used as pre-test and post-test. Interactive and web-based content of simulation education may be a solution to shortage of professional tools and space and shortage of teaching staff.

Health Information Technology: One Step At A Time

The development, implementation, and management of health care information technologies are prominent components of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. How these technologies will affect our health care system will depend on the collective choices made in the months ahead. Focusing on a limited set of near-term objectives will build trust, confer near-term benefit, and create the building blocks required to harness the altruistic and entrepreneurial motivations most likely to create future health care delivery systems. Decisionmakers must concentrate on putting in place the immediately important information technology foundations that will be essential for reaping long-term benefits.

Logical Reasoning Ability in Engineering Students: A Case Study

Mathematical logic is one of the scientific foundations of information technology and computer engineering. Therefore, engineering students must be proficient in logical operations. First-year engineering students answered four logical reasoning tasks as part of a larger survey on scientific thinking, producing more incorrect responses than previous studies would have predicted, most notably in international student groups. This paper presents and analyzes these results, and compares and discusses the differences between natural human reasoning and engineering logic. It seeks to explain failures in logical reasoning that occur despite formal training and considers several possible cultural and psychological explanations to this phenomenon. The conclusion highlights the need for stronger emphasis in developing problem-solving and metacognitive skills in engineering education. The importance of fluency in the language of study emerges as a significant factor in learning technical subjects.

Descriptological foundations of information technologies

The theses of compoundness, descriptiveness, and descriptologicality are proved. The conformance of these theses with the reversibility principle is substantiated. Logical-subject structures of information-technological systems are disclosed on this basis. Descriptological foundations of information technologies are created.

Evaluation of Private-Sector Asset Management Practices

The focus of the transportation industry, in both the public and private sectors, has slowly been changing from construction and expansion to that of preservation, as a result of various factors. Private-sector industries have made strides in asset management that could be beneficial to the public sector. Private-sector asset management principles and concepts that would form an integral part of any asset management program employed by state transportation agencies and that are transferable to the public sector, especially state departments of transportation, are identified. An overview of best practices in asset management in the private sector is presented. Thus, lessons learned are identified based on a synthesis of case studies. The analysis has been done by carefully examining asset management practices of seven near-transportation private-sector companies. Included are case studies from two railroads, two airlines, two energy companies, and one railcar leasing company. The case studies highlight the need for communication, tools, and education as well as an information technology foundation from which asset management can be practiced effectively.