Information Requirements Research Articles

기기장비 사전심사(PQ) 대응을 위한 정보 요구사항 분석에 대한 연구

As a key feature of the equipment industry, once installed, equipment must be operated for a long period of time. Therefore, high-quality equipment with high reliability are preferred. Equipment with excellent performance satisfies the requirements. Clients such as oil majors operate the ‘vendor registration and vendor list’ system. Only verified subcontractors are eligible to participate in the bidding. Accordingly, equipment makers must pass the pre-qualification (PQ) of the clients like oil majors. The information system dedicated to PQ that produces, stores, and manages various production-related reliability information required for PQ process is needed from the fields. In this paper, I focus on the requirements of information system that require research and development to cover with PQ process. I classified the information requirements with information related to quality, information related to supply history and information related to design and services. Information requirements are summarized in each classification. Based on these requirements, the design of the information system will be done. Through this, it is expected that difficulties in the equipment industry can be solved.

Next Generation of Environmental Monitoring


 
 
 Federal and state agencies have begun using residual genetic information taken from the environment—environmental DNA or eDNA—to help make management and regulatory decisions. Environmental DNA can provide information from water, soil, or air samples about the living parts of ecosystems with unprecedented scope, in some cases providing broad surveys of the species present and in others pinpointing hard-to-find species. However, standards for analysis and interpretation have only recently begun to arise in the nascent field of eDNA analysis. As this new and valuable source of information begins to influence the implementation of environmental laws, we survey existing federal uses of eDNA and review federal information requirements relevant to natural resource management—in particular, under the data-hungry Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act. We find that some agencies are already using eDNA data, and, for the most part, these uses are likely to meet the legal requirements of the controlling statutes and regulations. Though legally acceptable, social factors influence the degree to which a technology becomes widespread in agency practice. We survey likely future scenarios for eDNA uptake and offer recommendations for driving broader adoption of this useful technology and enabling management and regulatory decisions grounded in eDNA as a data source.
 
 

Lightweight Cryptographic Simulation of Power IoT Fused with Bayesian Network Algorithms

In the power system, the transmission and processing of information is a very important link, and the core part of it is electronic data, and the transmission and processing of electronic data is the most important link in the power system. Because information is continuously passed between network nodes, the security requirements for information are high. With the development of Internet technology, its application field has been widely expanded to various industries. Therefore, to better ensure power quality and improve network operation efficiency, it is necessary to rationally and effectively manage the entire communication system. Power Internet of Things technology combines information transmission and processing links and realizes data sharing between various communication nodes in the entire network system through intelligent management, thereby improving overall information security. This paper first introduces the research of Bayesian network algorithm, then studies the process of lightweight encryption implementation of power Internet of Things, and then simulates and compares various encryption algorithms to obtain the best encryption scheme, and finally verifies through simulation that the algorithm can effectively ensure the safe transmission of information and improve the efficiency of network operation.

Self-progress aggregate learning for weakly supervised salient object detection

The task of salient object detection aims to find the most salient object from the samples. In the field of weakly supervised learning, the existing weakly supervised salient object detection (WSSOD) methods often fail to utilize the limited label information (such as self-affinity or edge features, and scale transform) for learning. Therefore, this paper proposes a self-progress aggregate learning method named SPAL. First, the feature optimization scheme of the edge information module is put forward based on analysis of the problems existing in the current convolutional neural network for detection of the edge information of the object. Obviously, the salient object has a low requirement for high-level information, In particular, in order to improve the utilization rate of the network structure without increasing its complexity, the affinity global context is design in view of the particularity of the structure of a salient object. The structure of a salient object not only depends on the deep-level semantic feature information to a certain extent, but also has a certain guiding effect on the object position and edge information. Second, high-level affinity information is used to complement the slight-level edge information globally, and the scale attention module is adopted to guide the network to adapt the multi-scale reinforcement feature learning ability for the salient object regions. Our method SPAL achieved better experimental results than the other competitive models for comparison on five benchmark data sets (i.e. for DUTS-TEST, compared with CCFNet our method achieved an improvement of 0.6% for mean absolute error (MAE), 5.1% for Fb, and 1.1% for Eℰ ), which demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Do you get what you see? The illicit doping market in Denmark - an analysis of performance and image enhancing drugs seized by the police over a one-year period.

This study examines doping products seized by the police in three regional police districts in Denmark from December 2019 to December 2020. The products, often referred to as performance and image-enhancing drugs (PIEDs), are described in relation to the country of origin, manufacturing company and the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) stated on the packaging vs. the one identified by subsequent chemical analysis. The study also includes a description of the degree of professionalism by which the products appear according to EU requirements. A total of 764 products were seized during the study period. The products originate from 37 countries, mainly located in Asia (37%), Europe (23%), and North America (13%). 193 different manufacturing companies could be identified from the product packaging. The most frequent compound class was the androgenic anabolic steroids, found in 60% of the products. In 25-34% of the products, either no or an incorrect active pharmaceutical ingredient, relative to the one stated on the product, was found. However, only 7-10% contain either no API or a compound from a different compound class than the one stated. Most products had a professional appearance fulfilling most EU requirements for packaging information. The study shows that many different companies supply PIEDs to the Danish market and that counterfeit and substandard products are widespread. Many products do, however, appear professional to the user giving an impression of a high-quality product. Although many products are substandard, they most often contain an API from the same compound class as the one labeled.

Indoor Occupancy Sensing via Networked Nodes (2012–2022): A Review

In the past decade, different sensing mechanisms and algorithms have been developed to detect or estimate indoor occupancy. One of the most recent advancements is using networked sensor nodes to create a more comprehensive occupancy detection system where multiple sensors can identify human presence within more expansive areas while delivering enhanced accuracy compared to a system that relies on stand-alone sensor nodes. The present work reviews the studies from 2012 to 2022 that use networked sensor nodes to detect indoor occupancy, focusing on PIR-based sensors. Methods are compared based on pivotal ADPs that play a significant role in selecting an occupancy detection system for applications such as Health and Safety or occupant comfort. These parameters include accuracy, information requirement, maximum sensor failure and minimum observation rate, and feasible detection area. We briefly describe the overview of occupancy detection criteria used by each study and introduce a metric called “sensor node deployment density” through our analysis. This metric captures the strength of network-level data filtering and fusion algorithms found in the literature. It is hinged on the fact that a robust occupancy estimation algorithm requires a minimal number of nodes to estimate occupancy. This review only focuses on the occupancy estimation models for networked sensor nodes. It thus provides a standardized insight into networked nodes’ occupancy sensing pipelines, which employ data fusion strategies, network-level machine learning algorithms, and occupancy estimation algorithms. This review thus helps determine the suitability of the reviewed methods to a standard set of application areas by analyzing their gaps.

ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING IN INFORMATION SECURITY OF AGRARIAN POLICY: OPPORTUNITIES FROM CIVIL SOCIETY

The article aims to substantiate and highlight the theoretical provisions and methodical approaches to forming accounting and reporting following the modern informational requirements of the social, economic, and political systems. In the research process, modern general scientific methods and research techniques were used: in particular, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, systemic approach, dialectical, inductive, deductive, and abstract-logical. The research is based on the fundamental provisions regarding the development of accounting and reporting of the agricultural sector of the economy, the theory of management of the farming sector and the principles of sustainable development in current economic conditions, the need to improve the legislative and regulatory framework of reporting the activities of agro-industrial complex enterprises is substantiated. The theoretical provisions and methodical approaches are summarized, significant shortcomings are identified, and suggestions are provided for developing and improving the information system of accounting and reporting of agricultural enterprises based on sustainable development, which meets the growing needs of society - elements of scientific novelty. The scientific and applied justification of the development of accounting and reporting for adequate information provision of rural policy in the context of implementing the principles of civil society the mechanism that stabilizes relations between the state, which provides guarantees of rights and freedoms, creates conditions for the development of civil society, has gained further development. The results of the study can be used by all agricultural enterprises that are faced with the need to rethink and search for high-quality and transparent communication interaction between representatives of society, business, and the state interested in the country's sustainable development. The correct collection, generation, and analysis of statistical data as components of achieving modern management goals in conditions of increased risks determine the dynamism of forming the information system for public management decisions. Keywords: reporting, statistics, agrarian policy, agriculture, management of information flows, civil society.

Service performance assurance for small charities: Experiences from New Zealand

Small charities in New Zealand are leading the way in service performance reporting and assurance, providing a unique context for exploring the existing practices and challenges. This study investigates small charities' assurance practices based on a content analysis of the performance reports of 120 small registered charities. We found that many small charities have complied with the assurance and reporting requirements of service performance information. However, their reported outcomes and outputs may not be significant, understandable, or sufficient. Auditors exhibit high tolerance towards these issues because of the subjectivity, auditability and materiality related to service performance information. Our study provides preliminary insights on service performance assurance for small charities, which presumably will continue evolving and hopefully improving. However, there is a concern that some charities and assurance practitioners view service performance assurance as a compliance exercise, which does little to improve accountability and transparency in the charity sector.

Model emulators for the assessment of regional impacts and risks of climate change: A case study of rainfed maize production in Mexico

The collection of publicly available databases about climate change and its impacts on natural and human systems is unprecedented and ever-growing. However, the requirements of information can vary widely among users depending on their region, socioenvironmental context, and interests. Moreover, in the current era of active mitigation and adaptation policies, information needs are frequently not satisfied even by these massive and variated collections of databases. The development and use of emulators can help closing this information gap by allowing users to approximate the output from complex models and create user-defined experiments, without being technically or computational demanding on the user. Here, a simple emulator of the EPIC biophysical crop model is presented which is able to adequately reproduce the changes in rainfed maize and to create projections for user-defined scenarios. Moreover, it allows to produce risk measures that are not available with the original model. The proposed methodology is illustrated with a case study of rainfed maize production in Mexico for a reference emissions scenario (SSP370) and two user-defined international mitigation policy scenarios. These scenarios represent 1) current international mitigation commitments and 2) a scenario in which China withdraws from international mitigation efforts. Results showed that, under the reference scenario, climate change could have widespread consequences on rainfed production all over the country with decreases in yields reaching up to 80% in the southeast and northeast of the country. These impacts can be partially modulated by the moderately ambitious mitigation commitments assumed in recent international agreements if all countries comply. However, a potential withdraw of China from these efforts would significantly reduce any benefits from international mitigation. Under all scenarios, changes in productivity impose increasing risks for already vulnerable populations and considerable economic costs at the state and national levels. These results suggest the urgent need for critical planning for adaptation in the agricultural sector of the country.

Coherent-on-Receive Synthesis Using Dominant Scatterer in Millimeter-Wave Distributed Coherent Aperture Radar

The target signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be notably improved by coherent-on-receive synthesis (CoRS) in distributed coherent aperture radar (DCAR). A core challenge of CoRS is to estimate the coherent parameters (CPs), including time, frequency, and phase, in order to cohere the multi-radar within DCAR. Conventional methods usually rely on the target’s own information to estimate the CPs, which is not available in highly dynamic environments. Additionally, the CPs of different targets, especially the phase, are unequal in high-frequency systems. This means that we cannot directly use the CPs of one target to compensate for others. To address these issues, an adaptive CoRS method using the dominant scatterer is proposed for millimeter-wave (MMW) DCAR in this paper. The basic idea is to correct the CPs of the dominant scatterer to compensate for other targets. The novelty lies in the adaptive phase compensation based on the estimated CPs. This phase compensation depends on a series of discrete phase values, which are derived from the limit of synthesis loss within a given configuration. Hence, this method avoids the requirement of prior information or massive searches for the possible locations of other targets. Moreover, the dominant scatterer in this work is an unknown target with strong scattering points in radar detection scenarios, and we focus on analyzing its selection criteria. To validate the proposed method, a prototype system has been fabricated and evaluated through experiments. It is demonstrated that the multi-target can realize CoRS effectively, thus enhancing the target SNR.

Distributed Event-Triggered Formation Control of Planar Vehicles Without Velocity Sensors

In this paper, an event-triggered distributed formation control method is proposed for multiple planar vehicles which are modeled as uncertain Euler-Lagrangian systems (ELSs). Firstly, a position and orientation (PAO)-based event-triggered mechanism is designed to decrease the frequency of data transmission through the wireless network. According to the PAO information at the event-triggered time, an event-triggered high-gain extended state observer (EHGESO) is developed to remove the demand of velocity information in conventional backstepping technique and eliminate the requirement of continuous PAO information in traditional HGESO design. Under the developed EHGESO and the PAO-based event-triggered mechanism, planar vehicles can cooperatively move along the parameterized path, and can transmit information with their neighbor vehicles only if the designed event-triggered mechanism is violated. The stability is proved by employing input-to-state stability (ISS) and semi-global uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) stability theory. Eventually, a simulation of three-degree-of-freedom surface vehicle models is offered to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed control method.

Planning for Climate–Benign Cities – Design of a Mind Map for Smart Energy Transition

AbstractLocal energy transition initiatives – as part of a broader climate-benign and sustainability policy – have become a focal point of future-oriented resource and environmental strategies. Place-based energy conversion however, has turned out to be a very complicated task, from both a governance and research perspective. The present study seeks to sketch out the contours of local sustainable energy planning, with a particular emphasis on (i) practical data and evidence-based information requirements, (ii) the involvement and engagement of citizens and stakeholders, and (iii) the great research potential provided by digital information technology. To that end, a comprehensive mind map for energy transition is depicted, inspired by first experiments in the city of Rotterdam.

OECD workshop consensus report: Ethical considerations with respect to human derived products, specifically human serum, in OECD test guidelines.

The ethical needs and concerns with use and sourcing of human materials, particularly serum, in OECD in vitro test guidelines were explored in a dedicated international workshop held in 2019. The health-related aspects of the donation procedure, including tissue screening, donor health, laboratory work health protection, permission from the donor for commercial use, payment of the donors and the potential for exploitation of low-income populations and data protection of the donors; supply, availability, and competition with clinical needs; traceability of the serum and auditability/GLP needs for the Test Guideline Programme, were examined. Here we provide the recommendations of the workshop with respect to the use of human serum, and potentially other human reagents, specifically with regard to test method development for OECD Test Guideline utility as part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data requirement across all OECD member countries. These include informed donor consent terminology, a checklist of human serum information requirements to be included with the Good Laboratory Practise report, and suitable sources for human serum to ensure waste supplies are used, that can no longer be used for medical purposes, ensuring no competition of supply for essential medical use.

Ethical challenges in the prioritization of elective care in pandemic settings: On the significance of time-sensitive scoring.

In times of ongoing resource shortages, appropriate evaluation criteria are crucial for the ethical prioritization of medical care. While the use of scoring models as tools for prioritization is widespread, they are barely discussed in the medical-ethical discourse in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. During this time, the challenge of providing care for patients in need has promoted consequentialist reasoning. In this light, we advocate for the integration of time- and context-sensitive scoring (TCsS) models in prioritization policies that foster treatment opportunitiesfor patients with subacute and chronic conditions. We argue, first, that TCsSs enable a more efficient use of resources, reducing avoidable harm to patients by preventing arbitrary postponement of necessary but nonurgent interventions. Second, we contend that on an interrelational level, TCsSs render decision-making pathways more transparent, which promotes the information requirement of patient autonomy and raises confidence in the resulting prioritization decision. Third, we claim that TCsS contributes to distributive justice by reallocating available resources to the benefit of elective patients. We conclude that TCsSs promote anticipatory measures that extend the timeframe for responsible action into the future. This strengthens patients' ability to exercise their right to healthcare-primarily during times of crisis, but ultimately in the longer term too.

AI-driven designed protein epigenomics.

The biological revolutions of computationally designed proteins, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and the CRISPR-Cas9 system finally enables modifications that can spur deep understanding of spatial requirement of epigenetic information. This commentary describes the utility of a computationally designed protein, EED Binder (EB), when fused to dCas9 (EBdCas9) for identifying critical sites of PRC2 dependent histone H3K27me3 marks in the chromatin. By using EBdCas9 and gRNA, PRC2 function can be inhibited at specific loci, resulting in precise reduction of EZH2 and H3K27me3 marks, and in some (but not all) locations, activation of the gene and functional outcomes (such as regulation of cell cycle or trophoblast transdifferentiation). Interestingly, a functional TATA box located more than 500bp upstream of a TBX18 TSS was found to be repressed by PRC2, supporting the theory that epigenetic regulators control the repression of transcriptional elements on the promoter region. The EBdCas9 technology may provide a useful tool for controlling gene regulation through epigenomic control.

Towards harmonisation of testing of nanomaterials for EU regulatory requirements on chemical safety – A proposal for further actions

Over the recent years, EU chemicals legislation, guidance and test guidelines have been developed or adapted for nanomaterials to facilitate safe use of nanomaterials. This paper provides an overview of the information requirements across different EU regulatory areas. For each information requirement, a group of 22 experts identified potential needs for further action to accommodate guidance and test guidelines to nanomaterials. Eleven different needs for action were identified, capturing twenty-two information requirements that are specific to nanomaterials and relevant to multiple regulatory areas. These were further reduced to three overarching issues: 1) resolve issues around nanomaterial dispersion stability and dosing in toxicity testing, in particular for human health endpoints, 2) further develop tests or guidance on degradation and transformation of organic nanomaterials or nanomaterials with organic components, and 3) further develop tests and guidance to measure (a)cellular reactivity of nanomaterials. Efforts towards addressing these issues will result in better fit-for-purpose test methods for (EU) regulatory compliance. Moreover, it secures validity of hazard and risk assessments of nanomaterials. The results of the study accentuate the need for a structural process of identification of information needs and knowledge generation, preferably as part of risk governance and closely connected to technological innovation policy.

Integrating Stakeholders’ Priorities into Level of Development Supplemental Guidelines for HBIM Implementation

Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) is increasingly utilized to develop accurate and semantic-rich databases for the representation, preservation, and renovation of cultural heritage. A critical factor in successful HBIM delivery is the intended uses of the model, which need to be established by stakeholders at the onset of the program. Despite the greater application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technologies to HBIM workflows, the discipline continues to lack clarity regarding information requirements from a tenant perspective. The first stage of this research was a review of 26 published HBIM case studies to extract information including HBIM workflows, level of development (LOD) models in the field, and the stakeholders’ participation in the HBIM program. The findings from the case studies conclude that most HBIM methodologies did not seek to understand the needs of assumptive stakeholders and lacked a clearly defined objective. Ten interviews with proprietors of ten different historic courthouses in the southeastern United States were also included in the study, which were used to identify the priorities of HBIM programs from a built heritage stakeholder’s standpoint. These priorities were used in conjunction with reviewed field standards to develop LOD supplement guidelines applicable for HBIM, which were then validated through a case study. The findings of this research conclude that the creation of LOD guidelines for HBIM application is both achievable and advisable, as they allow stakeholders to identify their priorities for HBIM projects. Such guidelines would assist in standardizing the HBIM discipline and disseminating its usefulness to historic building managers. This research also provides standards that allow cultural heritage stakeholders to make informed decisions about potential HBIM programs and maximize the use of resources to implement such programs. Moreover, the methodology implemented in this research offers a valuable example for future studies on HBIM guidelines and regulations.

Application and Data Integration Based on Services Oriented Architecture in Enterprise

Business process changes occurred very often in organizations to maintain business continuity, which had an impact on information changes and process flow improvements. There are numerous companies that have problems managing data, information, and software applications, especially with the constant demands for employee information. This research objective is to integrate data and applications based on service-oriented architecture (SOA) by using the service-oriented modelling architecture (SOMA) software development method to solve the problem of producing updated and real-time information practically required by organization functions. This research result shows this implementation can help analyze the company's business model by generating information needs and service candidates that refer to SOA concepts. This implementation also gives a solid integration of in-house applications with different platforms and data sources from different databases with real time information. From a technical point of view, this implementation also reduces the duplication of business process functions and in-house application management, as well as simplifying and accelerating the creation of new or updating in-house applications related to new information requirements of the company. It was found that the SOMA framework can also be employed as a reference for companies developing future applications with SOA basics. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-011 Full Text: PDF

Accessibility and Financial Barriers in the Utilization of Alternative to Discipline Programs in the United States

Nurses are facing increased mental health issues, substance use, and even suicide since the novel coronavirus pandemic arrived in the United States. Nurses with substance use disorder (SUD) may enroll in alternative-to-discipline (ATD) programs to retain their license during initial treatment with the goal to return to practice, but this process is not without challenges. For example, previous analyses have shown that the time surrounding disciplinary/regulatory process regarding substance use disorder (SUD) by either employers or licensure boards was a trigger for nurses who died by suicide. Internet searches are a common approach to find information on health-related topics. This limited critical review sought to replicate and evaluate a simple internet search that a nurse seeking information on their state ATD program may complete. Google searches for information on ATD programs were completed on the 50 continental states and Washington, DC between April and September 2022. States with ATD programs were evaluated for evidence-based components and barriers to accessing program information. Publicly available ATD program information ranged from requirements for contact information to obtain details to websites that outline the entire program, including associated costs. While ATD programs offer a significant improvement over traditional disciplinary responses to nurse substance use, a significant barrier is program cost, which can often exclude participation. In this article, we discuss the detailed results of our critical review and offer implications for practice that include opportunities for research and a national database to track ATD program components and target outcomes to support return to practice for nurses with SUDs.

A Semantic Matching Method of E-Government Information Resources Knowledge Fusion Service Driven by User Decisions

This study focuses on the knowledge fusion model of e-government information resources that supports user decision-making information needs, it discusses the user decision-making information needs model, the knowledge fusion service model, and the relationship between them. The inter-layer mapping matching mechanism realizes the ultimate value of knowledge fusion. Therefore, this paper analyses and studies the mapping mechanism between the user information demand model and the knowledge fusion service model. A semantic, similarity-based knowledge fusion service matching method for e-government information resources is proposed to address the problem of lack of semantics in traditional web service matching methods. This method uses the ontology description language OWL-S to map information requirement documents of user decisions and knowledge fusion service function documents into an ontology tree structure. The authors then use this as the basis to calculate the concept similarity and relationship similarity measures, and the service matching based on semantic similarity can be realized.