Information Processing Subsystem Research Articles

Embodied cognitive morphogenesis as a route to intelligent systems.

The embryological view of development is that coordinated gene expression, cellular physics and migration provides the basis for phenotypic complexity. This stands in contrast with the prevailing view of embodied cognition, which claims that informational feedback between organisms and their environment is key to the emergence of intelligent behaviours. We aim to unite these two perspectives as embodied cognitive morphogenesis, in which morphogenetic symmetry breaking produces specialized organismal subsystems which serve as a substrate for the emergence of autonomous behaviours. As embodied cognitive morphogenesis produces fluctuating phenotypic asymmetry and the emergence of information processing subsystems, we observe three distinct properties: acquisition, generativity and transformation. Using a generic organismal agent, such properties are captured through models such as tensegrity networks, differentiation trees and embodied hypernetworks, providing a means to identify the context of various symmetry-breaking events in developmental time. Related concepts that help us define this phenotype further include concepts such as modularity, homeostasis and 4E (embodied, enactive, embedded and extended) cognition. We conclude by considering these autonomous developmental systems as a process called connectogenesis, connecting various parts of the emerged phenotype into an approach useful for the analysis of organisms and the design of bioinspired computational agents.

Evolution of the archaeal and mammalian information processing systems: towards an archaeal model for human disease.

Current evolutionary models suggest that Eukaryotes originated from within Archaea instead of being a sister lineage. To test this model of ancient evolution, we review recent studies and compare the three major information processing subsystems of replication, transcription and translation in the Archaea and Eukaryotes. Our hypothesis is that if the Eukaryotes arose within the archaeal radiation, their information processing systems will appear to be one of kind and not wholly original. Within the Eukaryotes, the mammalian or human systems are emphasized because of their importance in understanding health. Biochemical as well as genetic studies provide strong evidence for the functional similarity of archaeal homologs to the mammalian information processing system and their dissimilarity to the bacterial systems. In many independent instances, a simple archaeal system is functionally equivalent to more elaborate eukaryotic homologs, suggesting that evolution of complexity is likely an central feature of the eukaryotic information processing system. Because fewer components are often involved, biochemical characterizations of the archaeal systems are often easier to interpret. Similarly, the archaeal cell provides a genetically and metabolically simpler background, enabling convenient studies on the complex information processing system. Therefore, Archaea could serve as a parsimonious and tractable host for studying human diseases that arise in the information processing systems.

Animal Automatism and Machine Intelligence

Descartes’s uncompromising rejection of the possibility of animal intelligence was among his most controversial theses. That rejection is based on (1) his commitment to the doctrine of animal automatism and (2) two tests that he takes to be sufficient indicators of thought (the action and language tests). Of these two tests, only the language test is truly definitive, and Descartes is firmly of the view that no animal could demonstrate the capacity to use signs to convey meaning in “all the circumstances of life.” The topic is fascinating for forcing us to ponder what exactly reason is for Descartes and the role it plays in everyday life. This article explores the tensions in Descartes’s arguments produced by an over reliance on the analogy between animals and clocks, including the question of what to make of Descartes’s recognition of the need to posit representational and information-processing subsystems in the brain.

A 0.79 pJ/K-Gate, 83% Efficient Unified Core and Voltage Regulator Architecture for Sub/Near-Threshold Operation in 130 nm CMOS

This paper presents the compute voltage regulator module (C-VRM), an architecture that embeds the information processing subsystem into the energy delivery subsystem for ultra-low power (ULP) platforms. The C-VRM employs multiple voltage domain stacking and core swapping to achieve high total system energy efficiency in near/sub-threshold region. Energy models for the C-VRM are derived, and employed in system simulations to compare the energy efficiency benefits of the C-VRM over a switched capacitor VRM (SC-VRM). A prototype IC incorporating a C-VRM and a SC-VRM supplying energy to an 8-tap fully folded FIR filter core is implemented in a 1.2 V, 130 nm CMOS process. Measured results indicate that the C-VRM has up to 44.8% savings in system-level energy per operation (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">op</sub> ) compared to the SC-VRM system, and an efficiency η ranging from 79% to 83% over an output voltage range of 0.52 V to 0.6 V. Measured values of the E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">op</sub> and η match those predicted by system simulations thereby validating the energy models.

Information System Design for Early Warning Management of Yangtze River Water Traffic Safety

The paper discusses the signification of early warning information management of water traffic safety, and concludes that information deficiency is the main reason to lead to traffic accident. The purpose of Early Warning Management (EWM) is to solve the problem of information deficiency during navigation. The core is navigation early warning information collecting, processing and transpiring in time. In response to the features of water traffic system, the research designs an Early Warning Management Information System (EWMIS) for water traffic safety, including information process progress, and function and logical structure of the system. The EWMIS process progress covers collection, handling and publishing of early warning information; the EWMIS Functional Structural includes the early warning information integrated platform, the receiving warning information processing subsystem, the early warning decision acid subsystem and the pre-control measures management subsystem. Language: en

Systems approaches and communication research. The age of entropy

Abstract This essay examines the contemporary approaches to systems theory, the strengths and limitations of these approaches, and how communication researchers can apply them creatively. It points out that using system approaches requires communication scholars to study the mutual interaction of both information inputs and matter/energy inputs. Overloads of these inputs coupled with storage problems could engender positive feedback loops and move the system away from the linear region of stability toward the edge of chaos (bifurcation). It could then self-organize as a more complex system in a new phase space of its trajectory. This complexity approach could be used to trace the trajectory of the global mass communication system or to conduct empirical research on all or any of the information-processing subsystems within the eight hierarchical levels of nested systems ranging from cell to supranational systems. Although systems thinking is writ large in the onto-cosmology of Eastern philosophies, its epistemological and methodological refinements did not occur until quantum physics challenged the ‘atomism’ of the dominant Newtonian-Cartesian model.

Automotive mechatronics

A large share of automotive innovations consists of significant improvements in formerly pure mechanical systems which are made possible using integrated electronics together with complex information processing. Such mechatronic systems require a concurrent design of mechanical, electronical, and information processing sub-systems in order to reach the cost requirements of the automotive industry. The motivation for the use of mechatronics is discussed, as well as the most important technological challenges of the mechatronical approach. Mechatronical solutions for different automotive applications are presented. The driving factors for future development of mechatronics in the automotive sector are discussed.

Automotive Mechatronics

A large share of automotive innovations consists of significant improvements in formerly pure mechanical systems which are made possible using integrated electronics together with complex information processing. Such mechatronic systems require a concurrent design of mechanical, electronical, and information processing subsystems in order to reach the cost requirements of the automotive industry. The motivation for the use of mechatronics is discussed, as well as the most important technological challenges of the mechatronical approach. Mechatronical solutions for different automotive applications are presented. The driving factors for future development of mechatronics in the automotive sector are discussed.

Delusions about people

Abstract A cognitive neuropsychological case study approach is used to document the case of a deluded schizophrenic patient (TG), who has severe difficulty naming famous faces and providing semantic information about famous people. This deficit occurs in the context of no significant deterioration from his estimated premorbid level of intellectual functioning. The evidence converges on the conclusion that he has a semantic deficit for famous people, and that this deficit has the characteristics associated with a degradation of person semantics, rather than a problem of access. One striking and unexpected finding was a preserved ‘island’ of face naming and semantic knowledge for a particular category of people. Furthermore, this spared knowledge corresponded to the major focus of his delusions. The possible relationship between such preserved knowledge and his delusions is discussed and a cognitive model of delusions is proposed; this is based on established principal information-processing subsystems involved in the retrieval of memories.

Information processing subsystems. Channel and net. The matter-energy routes for information.

Behavioral ScienceVolume 40, Issue 3 p. 238-269 Article Information processing subsystems channel and net the matter-energy routes for informatrion First published: 1995 https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830400305AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume40, Issue31995Pages 238-269 RelatedInformation

Greater than the sum of its parts III. Information processing subsystems

Behavioral ScienceVolume 40, Issue 3 p. 171-182 Article Greater than the sum of its parts III. Information processing subsystems Jessie L. Miller, Jessie L. MillerSearch for more papers by this authorJames Grier Miller, James Grier MillerSearch for more papers by this author Jessie L. Miller, Jessie L. MillerSearch for more papers by this authorJames Grier Miller, James Grier MillerSearch for more papers by this author First published: 1995 https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830400302Citations: 6AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume40, Issue31995Pages 171-182 RelatedInformation

A blackboard-based process planning system for the surface mount manufacture of PCBs

This paper describes a real-time computer-aided process planning (CAPP) system for printed circuit board (PCB) assembly using surface mount technology. The prototype, dynamic, realtime CAPP system described uses a blackboard to integrate multiple knowledge sources (knowledge bases) in implementing the process planning procedure. The CAPP system is implemented using the expert system environment (ESE) and structured query language (SQL). The system uses two subsystems (knowledge bases). They are a planning subsystem which performs the static process planning task and a dynamic information processing subsystem which considers the real-time changes on the shop floor and routes the PCB assembly flow. The integrated system developed generates process plans that can be implemented in real time. The use of the blackboard concept for CAPP architecture is unique and well suited for this task.

Organizational analysis of information processing using living systems theory

This paper describes a conceptual application of living systems theory (LST) for solving problems in information processing subsystems at the organization level. A questionnaire based entirely on LST concepts is developed as a diagnostic template for analyzing organizations, and the (four-stage) method of applying it to information processing problems (using an actual multinational corporation) is also described. The questionnaire has the advantages of being readily comprehensible and functionally employable by busy managers, executives, and analysts as a user-friendly device for identifying, defining, and solving problems of information processing in organizations.

The timer

This article reviews the evidence that living systems at all levels, including cells, organs, organisms, groups, organizations, communities, societies, and supranational systems, have an information-processing system, the timer. The timer consists of one or more oscillators known as clocks or pacemakers, the phase of which can be reset. They measure duration or order in time or underlie rhythms of various sorts. The timer subsystem synchronizes internal processes of the system and coordinates the system with its environment. By 1965, 19 matter-energy and information processing subsystems were identified in living systems theory. Based on scientific evidence accumulated particularly in recent years, the timer is now recognized as an information processing subsystem, the 20th subsystem, which carries out an essential life process.

A Theory of How the Brain Might Work

I propose a speculative new version of the grandmother cell theory to explain how the brain may work, discuss how the visual system may learn to recognize 3D objects, and relate our theory to existing models of the cerebellum and motor control. The main points are: 1) the brain uses modules for multivariate function approximation as components of several information processing subsystems, 2) these modules are realized as HyperBF networks, and 3) HyperBF networks can be implemented in terms of biologically plausible mechanisms and circuitry. The theory predicts a type of population coding that represents an extension of schemes such as look-up tables.

Living systems theory: A solution to the problem of closure in information systems

AbstractChurchman reminds us that information systems tend to be constrained by ‘the inability of the system and its users to have proper sensing devices with respect to the outside world’. The solution to this problem of ‘closure’ is of concern in the design of information systems. This paper explores the use of Living Systems Theory as a conceptual framework for information systems design.A formal characterization of the information processing subsystems of Living Systems Theory is presented. Miller's taxonomy of information coding mechanisms is extended to account for temporal, self‐referential, and environmental information. The extended formulation of Miller's theory is proposed as a theoretical framework for information systems design.

Accounting information systems in the framework of living systems theory and research

AbstractThis paper suggests that general living systems theory (GLST) may provide a conceptual framework to guide practical research on accounting information systems. The accounting information system is described as a subset of the information processing subsystems of GLST, thus demonstrating that research based on GLST may enhance the quality of research on accounting information systems.

State-vector formalism for intrapersonal, interpersonal, and group interactions.

This article deals with information processing subsystems of the human organism and group. While a number of specific (but generally unrelated) mathematical models exist for various processes in the realm of social psychology and psychiatry, the predictive power of these models usually covers only a small range of phenomena. The overall objective of this work is to provide a vehicle through which a number of existing models in mathematical psychology, and various as yet unmathematized processes in social psychology and psychiatry, can be brought together constructively and on a uniform mathematical basis. Particular attention is given to impression formation, choice, and the psychotherapeutic interaction. A probabilistic and relativistic Directype state-vector formalism provides the overall framework. The ultimate goal of constructing such a system is to increase our knowledge of the dynamic laws governing human behavior. It is clear from our study that there is an essential similarity among the psychoanalytic, gestalt, and behavioral psychotherapies.

Visual information processing as a determinant of reading speed

Journal of Research in ReadingVolume 1, Issue 2 p. 108-120 Visual information processing as a determinant of reading speed N. C. Ellis, Nick Ellis is a lecturer in the Department of Psychology at University College of North Wales, Bangor. He obtained his B.A. in Psychology and Physiology at Oxford and is currently completing at U.C.N.W. a doctorate research project which investigates the involvement of visual information processing subsystems in reading. His other research interests include dyslexia, working memory, semantic analysis and bilingualism. Mr. Ellis may be contacted at the Department of Psychology, U.C.N.W., 31, College Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG, Wales.Search for more papers by this authorT. R. Miles, T. R. Miles graduated from Oxford University and holds a doctorate of the University of Wales. He was appointed Professor of Psychology at University College of North Wales, Bangor, when the Department was founded in 1963. He has contributed to both psychological and philosophical journals and with his wife, Elaine, was co-translator into English of Michotte's book La Perception de la Causalité. Other publications include Religion and the Scientifie Outlook (1959) and Eliminating the Unconscious (1966). More recently he has become known for his work on dyslexia and related learning dificulties, and in this field he has written three books and a large number of articles. He established the Dyslexia Unit at Bangor for the assessment and teaching of dyslexic children. Professor Miles may be contacted at the Department of Psychology, U.C.N.W., 31 College Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG, Wales.Search for more papers by this author N. C. Ellis, Nick Ellis is a lecturer in the Department of Psychology at University College of North Wales, Bangor. He obtained his B.A. in Psychology and Physiology at Oxford and is currently completing at U.C.N.W. a doctorate research project which investigates the involvement of visual information processing subsystems in reading. His other research interests include dyslexia, working memory, semantic analysis and bilingualism. Mr. Ellis may be contacted at the Department of Psychology, U.C.N.W., 31, College Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG, Wales.Search for more papers by this authorT. R. Miles, T. R. Miles graduated from Oxford University and holds a doctorate of the University of Wales. He was appointed Professor of Psychology at University College of North Wales, Bangor, when the Department was founded in 1963. He has contributed to both psychological and philosophical journals and with his wife, Elaine, was co-translator into English of Michotte's book La Perception de la Causalité. Other publications include Religion and the Scientifie Outlook (1959) and Eliminating the Unconscious (1966). More recently he has become known for his work on dyslexia and related learning dificulties, and in this field he has written three books and a large number of articles. He established the Dyslexia Unit at Bangor for the assessment and teaching of dyslexic children. Professor Miles may be contacted at the Department of Psychology, U.C.N.W., 31 College Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG, Wales.Search for more papers by this author First published: September 1978 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9817.1978.tb00179.xCitations: 4Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume1, Issue2September 1978Pages 108-120 RelatedInformation