Information Processing Point Research Articles

АНАЛІЗ АПАРАТНИХ СИСТЕМ ОТРИМАННЯ МЕТЕОРОЛОГІЧНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ ДЛЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТРІЛЬБ НАЗЕМНОЇ АРТИЛЕРІЇ

The article of a general nature notes the factors that affect the combat effectiveness of artillery systems (AS), provides an analysis of hardware systems and complexes used to obtain meteorological information by foreign and domestic meteorological complexes, and also notes the role and place of factors that are subject to the resolution of issues regarding increasing the efficiency and reliability of obtaining meteorological information. The transition to new long-range missile and artillery systems of domestic production (Vilkha, Bureviy, Berest, Verba, Bohdana) as well as means of fire damage to the enemy of Western production (HIMARS, Krab, M109 Paladin, Zuzana, M119, M777) requires particularly accurate received diagnostic information regarding the meteorological parameters of the atmosphere. Therefore, a number of requirements are put forward to aerological observation systems, namely: increasing the accuracy of providing meteorological information; reduction of time for obtaining meteorological information; ensuring interference protection from the influence of the enemy; improvement of correction calculation software, etc. Even the use of modern high-speed computer systems in the preparation of operational data, capable of ensuring the effective performance of combat tasks by artillery, is unable to fully solve the problem of aerial measurements of ground artillery fire, since it is very difficult for all possible combinations of physical situations and initial conditions. So, if the results depend on several dozen input parameters, it is difficult to even tabulate them and present them in a user-friendly form. It was noted that, for this purpose, the deployment of the system of aerological sounding of the atmosphere, which consists of an information reception and processing point and a radiosonde launch point, should be ensured as a priority. Keywords: stations of receipt of meteorological information, ground artillery, radiosonde, digital meteorological model, amendments, on declining of meteorological terms, transports vehicles, point of reception and treatment of information.

Technical aspects of creating radiotechnical systems of information and command interface to ensure the functioning of complexes with unmanned aerial vehicles

One of the key components of the complexes with unmanned aerial vehicles (CUAV), which significantly affects the safety and reliability of operation, is the radio link for transmitting command-telemetric and target information of direct radio visibility (radio engineering system of information and command interface) between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and the ground control and information processing point (GCSP). Heavy-class unmanned aerial vehicles can have several target loads simultaneously – a multispectral optical-electronic system, a digital aerial photo system, a radar system, a radio monitoring system, etc. Due to the fact that the flow of information with the payloads to the input of the radio link during peak time moments can be quite large, severe requirements are imposed as to the equipment of primary processing of the target information aboard the UAV and it’s compression in the recording information, and the bandwidth of the radio link in terms of transmission target information on GCSP for subsequent analysis and processing by the operator of the complex. Technical articles are the justification of modern approaches to the development of radio systems of information and team mates in the functioning of complexes with unmanned aerial vehicles, modeling and analysis of directional properties of the antenna system on the basis of the active phased array antenna (APAA) to ensure that decisions adopted targets CUAV, calculation and modeling of the use of various signal-code structures in the information and command-telemetry channels of the CUAV in order to assess the achievable data transfer rates and the energy budget of radio lines. The main tasks of the article are consideration of the nomenclature of possible target tasks of complexes with UAV, proposals for the technical implementation of radio systems of information and team mates, analysis of the advantages of using APAA as part of an unmanned aerial vehicle and a ground control and information processing point in order to improve the efficiency of UAV complexes in the end, modeling of directional diagrams in the azimuth and angular planes for receiving and transmitting modules and receiving and transmitting panels from the APAA, calculation of the energy budget of information and command radio lines, plotting the dependences of the error probability on the signal-to-noise ratio for various combinations of signal modulations and noise-tolerant encoding for various models of communication channels (additive white Gaussian noise – AWGN and binary-symmetric channel – BSC). The main results of the article include specific practical suggestions and recommendations on hardware and software approaches to the creation of antenna systems based on APAA as part of the CUAV, the effect of using modern approaches (reliability, reduced labor intensity and cost, improved performance characteristics), calculated signal-to-noise ratios for various methods of modulation and encoding, obtained as a result of calculations and mathematical modeling, as well as suggestions and recommendations for the rational use of specific types of signals and codes in the command-telemetry and information channels.

Are negative and positive reviews regarding apparel fit influential?

PurposeThe purpose of the current study is to explore how valenced fit reviews affect the consumer decision-making process during online apparel shopping.Design/methodology/approachA single factor (valence of fit review) within-subject experimental design was employed to examine how the valenced fit review (negative vs positive) affects the consumer online purchase decision process. A mock website was created to simulate the online shopping environment through four steps for developing a stimulus website for the main study. The data were analyzed using repeated multivariate analysis of variance and structural equation modeling.FindingsA total of 418 female consumers completed an online self-administrated survey. Results showed that positive fit review was more compelling than negative fit review for female consumers when they like the apparel product. Two aspects of information credibility (review and site credibility) and confidence in purchase decision evoked by both fit reviews and overall product information were significant determinants of the consumer purchase decision process in increasing consumers’ future purchase intentions through attitude to the online retailer.Originality/valueThe current study was an attempt to fill the gap in knowledge regarding the crucial role of fit reviews in apparel product purchase decisions in an online context. This study confirmed the type of fit reviews that would be influential on female consumers’ online purchase decision-making process for apparel products when they liked the apparel product, supporting positive confirmation bias from the information processing point of view. This study contributed to the importance of the two concepts (i.e. credibility and confidence in the purchase decision) in online information processing and purchase decision-making process.

Processing of signals at the multiradar system on the basis of surveillance two coordinate radars

The subject of research in this work is the problem of developing methods for signal processing in a multi-radar system based on two-coordinate surveillance radar stations with mechanical azimuth rotation. The aim of the article is to improve the quality of airborne objects detection by combining the same type of two coordinate radars in a multi-radar system. It is proposed to combine the existing surveillance radar stations into a spatially separated coherent multi-radar system. The processing of radar information from individual positions of such spatially separated systems is carried out in the central information processing point, which can be combined with one of the positions or located separately. At such a point, it is advisable to carry out joint processing of radar information, the efficiency of which depends on the degree of coherence that is provided in the system. The synthesis of optimal detectors of coherent and incoherent signals is carried out in the work. The characteristics of air object detection in a multi-radar system with compatible signal reception are evaluated. The results obtained: increasing the number of radar stations in the system, regardless of the degree of signal coherence, showed the greatest efficiency in terms of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio when moving from a stand-alone radar station to a two element system, the rational number of radar stations in a multi-radar system should not exceed four. The expected signal-to-noise gain in a system of four radars can be up to eighteen decibels for a system with coherent signals and up to eleven decibels for a system with incoherent signals. The using of more than four radars is impractical.

Mathematical Models of Satellite Communication Systems with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Counter-Means of Radio Control. Part 1

Currently, satellite radio communication is the main type of radio communication related to the majority of special purpose mobile objects, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) of heavy and super heavy classes of long flight duration, which are forced to move over long distances up to several thousand kilometers from the take of place (airport). In this point we face the problem of quality of the channel of the satellite radio communication line on its entire way between the transmitting and receiving devices, including providing the interference protection, stealth and secrecy of transmission of command telemetry and target information. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of using the means of radio control of a satellite radio channel from an eventual enemy, which can lead to the interception of the control channel or access to target information from the payloads of UAV. In this scientific and technical article, which consists of two parts, considered the issues of improving the efficiency of transmitted information via satellite communication channels between the UAV and the ground control and information processing point, and the issue of countering the means of radio control of the eventual enemy, formulated proposals and recommendations.

Towards Industry 4.0

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive picture of the innovative efforts undertaken over time to develop the digital technologies for managing the interface between supply chain management and marketing processes and the role they play in sustaining supply chain management-marketing (SCM-M) integration from an information processing point of view.Design/methodology/approachPatent analysis and actual examples are used to carry out this study. In detail, first, the authors identify the subset of enabling technologies pertaining to the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) that can be considered the most relevant for effective SCM-M integration (i.e. Industrial Internet of Things, Cloud computing, Big Data analytics and customer profiling, Cyber security). Second, the authors carry out a patent analysis aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the patenting activity trends characterizing the set of digital technologies under investigation, hence highlighting their innovation dynamics and applications.FindingsThis research provides insightful information about which digital technologies may enable the SCM-M integration. Specifically, the authors highlight the role those solutions play in terms of information acquisition, storage and elaboration for SCM-M integration by relying on illustrative actual examples. Moreover, the authors present the organisations more involved in the development of digital technologies for SCM-M integration over time and offer an examination of their technological impact in terms of influence on subsequent technological developments.Originality/valueSo far, much has been said about why marketing and supply chain management functions should be integrated. However, a clear picture of the digital technologies that might be adopted to achieve this objective has yet to be revealed. Thus, the paper contributes to the literature on SCM-M integration and Industry 4.0 by highlighting the enabling technologies for the Industry 4.0 that may particularly serve for managing the SCM-M interface from an information processing perspective.

Dual-Tasking in Multiple Sclerosis - Implications for a Cognitive Screening Instrument.

The monitoring of cognitive functions is central to the assessment and consecutive management of multiple sclerosis (MS). Though, especially cognitive processes that are central to everyday behavior like dual-tasking are often neglected. We examined dual-task performance using a psychological-refractory period (PRP) task in N = 21 patients and healthy controls and conducted standard neuropsychological tests. In dual-tasking, MS patients committed more erroneous responses when dual-tasking was difficult. In easier conditions, performance of MS patients did not differ to controls. Interestingly, the response times were generally not affected by the difficulty of the dual task, showing that the deficits observed do not reflect simple motor deficits or deficits in information processing speed but point out deficits in executive control functions and response selection in particular. Effect sizes were considerably large with d∼0.80 in mild affected patients and the achieved power was above 99%. There are cognitive control and dual tasking deficits in MS that are not attributable to simple motor speed deficits. Scaling of the difficulty of dual-tasking makes the test applied suitable for a wide variety of MS-patients and may complement neuropsychological assessments in clinical care and research setting.

Cognitive Space and Spatial Cognition: The SFB/TR 8 Spatial Cognition

Space and time are two of the most fundamental categories any human, animal, or other cognitive agent such as an autonomous robot has to deal with. They need to perceive their environments, make sense of their perceptions, and make interactions as embodied entities with other agents and their environment. The theoretical foundations and practical implications have been investigated from a cognitive perspective (i.e., from an information processing point of view) within the Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio SFB/TR 8 Spatial Cognition ( http://www.sfbtr8.spatial-cognition.de ) over the past 12 years jointly by the Universities of Bremen and Freiburg. The research covered fundamental questions: what are the specific requirements of reasoning about space and time, for acting in space, and for any form of interaction including communication in spatio-temporal domains? It has been a success story in all research lines from foundational research to applications of spatial cognition in robotics, interaction and communication. The SFB/TR 8 actually shaped a new research field by extending a previous subfield of cognitive science with its own interdisciplinary techniques.

Preface: pattern recognition and mining

Natural computing, also called natural computation, refers to understanding computational processes observed in nature, and human-designed computing inspired by nature. It encompasses three classes of methods, namely, those that are inspired by the nature to develop novel problem-solving techniques; those that are used for modeling natural phenomena based on the use of computers; and those that employ natural materials such as molecules to compute with use of discovered models of relevant natural phenomena. Our understanding of nature, as well as the essence of computation, is enhanced if complex natural phenomena are analyzed in terms of computational processes. Characteristic for human-designed computing inspired by nature is the metaphorical use of concepts, principles, and mechanisms underlying natural systems. The processes occurring in nature can be viewed as different kinds of information processing. Self-assembly, selfreproduction, self-evolution, granulation, gene regulation networks, protein–protein interaction networks, active and passive biological transport networks, and gene assembly in unicellular organisms are some of the examples of such processes. Understanding the universe itself from the information processing point of view and engineering of semi-synthetic organisms are some efforts to understand biological systems. The most established classical nature-inspired models of computation are cellular automata, neural computation, evolutionary computation and granular computation. More recent computational systems abstracted from natural processes include artificial life, swarm intelligence, artificial immune systems, membrane computing, DNA computing, molecular computing, quantum computing, fractal geometry, and amorphous computing, among others. In fact, all major methods and algorithms are nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms. Granulation is a process, among others, that is abstracted from natural phenomena. Granulation is inherent in human thinking and reasoning process. Granular computing (GrC) is a problem solving paradigm where computation and operations are performed on information granules, and it is based on the realization that precision is sometimes expensive and not very meaningful in modelling and controlling complex systems. This framework can be modeled with principles of neural networks, fuzzy sets and rough sets, both in isolation and integration, among other theories. GrC has been proven to be effective in intelligent information processing and data mining, and has a strong promise for Big data analysis. To reflect the current trends in the domain of natural computing and its application, this special issue of Natural Computing (Springer) on Pattern Recognition and Mining has been brought out. The issue contains nine contributory papers, six selected from those presented in 5th International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence (PReMI 2013) and three out of a call for P. Maji (&) Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India e-mail: pmaji@isical.ac.in

ARTIFICAL NEURAL NETWORKS: The New Era Of I.T

Artificial neural networks are composed of interconnecting artificial neurons (programming constructs that mimic the properties of biological neurons). Artificial neural networks may either be used to gain an understanding of biological neural networks, or for solving artificial intelligence problems without necessarily creating a model of a real biological system. The real, biological nervous system is highly complex: artificial neural network algorithms attempt to abstract this complexity and focus on what may hypothetically matter most from an information processing point of view. Good performance (e.g. as measured by good predictive ability, low generalization error), or performance mimicking animal or human error patterns, can then be used as one source of evidence towards supporting the hypothesis that the abstraction really captured something important from the point of view of information processing in the brain. Another incentive for these abstractions is to reduce the amount of computation required to simulate artificial neural networks, so as to allow one to experiment with larger networks and train them on larger data sets. The key element of this paradigm is the novel structure of the information processing system. It is composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurones) working in unison to solve specific problems. ANNs, like people, learn by example. An ANN is configured for a specific application, such as pattern recognition or data classification, through a learning process. Learning in biological systems involves adjustments to the synaptic connections that exist between the neurones. This is true of ANNs as well

Emotional empathy transition patterns from human brain responses in interactive communication situations

The paper reports our research aiming at utilization of human interactive communication modeling principles in application to a novel interaction paradigm designed for brain–computer/machine-interfacing (BCI/BMI) technologies as well as for socially aware intelligent environments or communication support systems. Automatic procedures for human affective responses or emotional states estimation are still a hot topic of contemporary research. We propose to utilize human brain and bodily physiological responses for affective/emotional as well as communicative interactivity estimation, which potentially could be used in the future for human–machine/environment interaction design. As a test platform for such an intelligent human–machine communication application, an emotional stimuli paradigm was chosen to evaluate brain responses to various affective stimuli in an emotional empathy mode. Videos with moving faces expressing various emotional displays as well as speech stimuli with similarly emotionally articulated sentences are presented to the subjects in order to further analyze different affective responses. From information processing point of view, several challenges with multimodal signal conditioning and stimuli dynamic response extraction in time frequency domain are addressed. Emotions play an important role in human daily life and human-to-human communication. This is why involvement of affective stimuli principles to human–machine communication or machine-mediated communication with utilization of multichannel neurophysiological and periphery physiological signals monitoring techniques, allowing real-time subjective brain responses evaluation, is discussed. We present our preliminary results and discuss potential applications of brain/body affective responses estimation for future interactive/smart environments.

A Boolean model of the Pseudomonas syringae hrp regulon predicts a tightly regulated system.

The Type III secretion system (TTSS) is a protein secretion machinery used by certain gram-negative bacterial pathogens of plants and animals to deliver effector molecules to the host and is at the core of the ability to cause disease. Extensive molecular and biochemical study has revealed the components and their interactions within this system but reductive approaches do not consider the dynamical properties of the system as a whole. In order to gain a better understanding of these dynamical behaviours and to create a basis for the refinement of the experimentally derived knowledge we created a Boolean model of the regulatory interactions within the hrp regulon of Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato strain DC3000 Pseudomonas syringae. We compared simulations of the model with experimental data and found them to be largely in accordance, though the hrpV node shows some differences in state changes to that expected. Our simulations also revealed interesting dynamical properties not previously predicted. The model predicts that the hrp regulon is a biologically stable two-state system, with each of the stable states being strongly attractive, a feature indicative of selection for a tightly regulated and responsive system. The model predicts that the state of the GacS/GacA node confers control, a prediction that is consistent with experimental observations that the protein has a role as master regulator. Simulated gene “knock out” experiments with the model predict that HrpL is a central information processing point within the network.

The relationship between the trait of neglected child, fosterer and the seriousness of neglect from a social information processing point of view

The relationship between the trait of neglected child, fosterer and the seriousness of neglect from a social information processing point of view

Wigner Rotation of a Spin 1/2 Particle near the Event Horizon of a Schwarzschild Black Hole

The eects of Wigner rotation on a particle with spin 1/2 near the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole are studied in the Kruskal spacetime. The curvature of spacetime is found to cause a Winger rotation on spin of the particle in the curved spacetime. This implies that, from a quantum information processing point of view, any quantum information encoded in the spin will be dissipated near the black hole. The gravitational field around the black hole, thus, acts like a dissipative quantum channel.

Chaotic phase synchronization in scale-free networks of bursting neurons

There is experimental evidence that the neuronal network in some areas of the brain cortex presents the scale-free property, i.e., the neuron connectivity is distributed according to a power law, such that neurons are more likely to couple with other already well-connected ones. From the information processing point of view, it is relevant that neuron bursting activity be synchronized in some weak sense. A coherent output of coupled neurons in a network can be described through the chaotic phase synchronization of their bursting activity. We investigated this phenomenon using a two-dimensional map to describe neurons with spiking-bursting activity in a scale-free network, in particular the dependence of the chaotic phase synchronization on the coupling properties of the network as well as its synchronization with an externally applied time-periodic signal.

Edge Detection Model Based on Involuntary Tremors and Drifts of the Eye

Recent results in retinal research have shown that ganglion cell receptive fields cover the mammalian retina in a mosaic arrangement, with insignificant amounts of overlap in the central fovea. This means that the biological relevance of traditional and widely adapted edge-detection algorithms with convolution-based overlapping operator architectures has been disproved. However, using traditional filters with non-overlapping operator architectures leads to considerable losses in contour information. This paper introduces a novel, tremor- and drift-based edge-detection algorithm that reconciles these differences between the physiology of the retina and the overlapping architectures used by today’s widely adapted algorithms. The algorithm takes into consideration data convergence, as well as the dynamic properties of the retina, by incorporating a model of involuntary eye tremors and drifts and the impulse responses of ganglion cells. Based on the evaluation of the model, two hypotheses are formulated on the highly debated role of involuntary eye tremors: 1) The role of involuntary eye movements has information theoretical implications 2) From an information processing point of view, the functional role of involuntary eye movements extends to more than just the maintenance of action potentials. Involuntary eye-movements may be responsible for the compensation of information losses caused by a non-overlapping receptive field architecture.

ON CLASSICAL TELEPORTATION AND CLASSICAL NON-LOCALITY

An interesting protocol for classical teleportation of an unknown classical state was recently suggested by Cohen, and by Gour and Meyer. In that protocol, Bob can sample from a probability distribution [Formula: see text] that is given to Alice, even if Alice has absolutely no knowledge about [Formula: see text]. Pursuing a similar line of thought, we suggest here a limited form of non-locality — "classical non-locality." Our non-locality is the (somewhat limited) classical analogue of the Hughston–Jozsa–Wootters (HJW) quantum non-locality. The HJW non-locality (also known as "quantum remote steering") tells us how, for a given density matrix ρ, Alice can generate any ρ-ensemble on the North Star. This is done using surprisingly few resources — one shared entangled state (prepared in advance), one generalized quantum measurement, and no communication. Similarly, our classical non-locality (which we call "classical remote steering") presents how, for a given probability distribution [Formula: see text], Alice can generate any [Formula: see text]-ensemble on the North Star, using only one correlated state (prepared in advance), one (generalized) classical measurement, and no communication. It is important to clarify that while the classical teleportation and the classical non-locality protocols are probably rather insignificant from a classical information processing point of view, they significantly contribute to our understanding of what exactly is quantum in their well established and highly famous quantum analogues.

Dominant supply chain co‐ordination strategies in the Dutch aerospace industry

PurposeFirms in the aerospace industry face considerable pressure to improve co‐ordination in their supply chains. The major question of the present study is what supply chain co‐ordination strategies are dominant in the Dutch aerospace industry given the market environment of this industry?Design/methodology/approachBecause information is the key ingredient for coordinating the supply chain in a given problem situation, an information processing point of view is adopted. In the empirical research, supply chain co‐ordination strategies are investigated for six Dutch‐based aerospace firms with different products and technologies.FindingsIt is concluded that in terms of the framework of Galbraith, co‐ordination strategies increasing the capacity to process information dominate supply chain management in the Dutch aerospace industry. The information‐processing capacity is increased by investing in lateral relations, long‐term planning and information systems between companies involved in the same supply chain.Originality/valueInformation is provided on Dutch aerospace firms' supply chain strategies.

An information-processing analysis of the functional architecture of the primate neocortex

Working at the systems level of analysis, we will use the term functional architecture to concern what processing components exist, how they are interconnected, and what information-processing functions each is involved in. In this paper, experimental evidence for the primate neocortex is analysed for conclusions concerning the existence of neural areas, for corticocortical connectivity among neural areas, and for the involvement of each cortical neural area in the functioning of the brain. We characterize the information-processing function for each neural area in terms of the types of information it is associated with, and conceive of its activity as processing, storage and transmission of data of the corresponding types for that area. We also adapt concepts of goal, plan, sequence, event and context for the description of information processing in the neocortex. This analysis shows that the primate neocortex consists in the main of a perception hierarchy, an action hierarchy and connections between them. In other words, from an information-processing point of view, the primate neocortex has a hierarchical perception–action architecture.

Tourism information and pleasure motivation

This paper focuses on motivational and emotional aspects of destination choice behavior. In a marketing context, a conceptual model using push, pull, and hedonic factors is developed for research on evaluations of destination attributes. In this context tourists are pushed by their emotional needs and pulled by the emotional benefits. Consequently, emotional and experiential needs are relevant in pleasure-seeking and choice behavior. From an information processing point of view, it is suggested that mental imagery is an anticipating and motivating force that mediates emotional experiences, evaluations, and behavioral intentions. The conceptual model is relevant for managers who want to know the affective and motivational reaction of customers to promotional stimuli.