Information Model Research Articles

Implementation of the Telemetric Integration of the BIM-RFID in Context of Access Control

Building Information Modelling (BIM) integration with the Internet of Things (IoT) is progressing. The high level of BIM maturity involves using sensor data to manage processes or objects. The article presents the process of creating a telemetry connection between the BIM model and a Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor in the context of gaining access to various parts of a building. The process of creating a connection using an experimental set based on a microcontroller board for RFID reader support is described. The set was programmed using multiple programming languages and artificial intelligence. The article presents a unique process of connecting an RFID reader with BIM using a simple model that can be replicated in other contexts (e.g., gaining access to different parts of a construction site). Previous research shows that the unidirectional connection of IoT sensors with BIM models is not difficult. Instead, real-time bidirectional and stable connection (telemetry) is problematic. The authors undertook to fill this research gap using a proprietary IoT kit, programming sequence, and lightweight communication protocol. The paper makes a significant contribution to the discussion and understanding of BIM-IoT technology integration. The article also includes the limitations and possibilities for further development of such a connection.

Automatic Indoor Thermal Comfort Monitoring Based on BIM and IoT Technology

Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Internet of Thing (IoT) integration technologies can improve operational efficiency in the operational phase of construction projects. Currently, research on the integration of BIM and IoT has yet to ensure secure data transmission and lacks real-time data processing capabilities. This study builds a framework to collect and analyze BIM and IoT data in real time. The framework is verified to be effective through a case study in an office building. The monitoring system can automatically calculate the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) value, upload and update real-time temperature and humidity data, and visualize thermal comfort through heat maps. The proposed integration approach offers building management strategies to enhance thermal comfort in office environments, fostering a more inclusive and accommodating workspace that acknowledges the diverse cultural backgrounds of occupants.

Transforming fire protection: AI's evolving role in proactive and reactive applications

Abstract. This paper comprehensively reviews the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of fire protection. It traces the historical development of AI, from its origins in the 1930s and 1940s to its current state, focusing on major milestones and algorithms that have shaped the field. The paper discusses the evolution of AI, particularly in terms of machine learning, deep learning, and the emergence of various models such as deep neural networks (DNNs), transformer models, and graph neural networks (GNNs). The application of AI in fire protection is explored in two primary categories: proactive and reactive applications. Proactive applications encompass AI's role in decision-making, construction, and operation, including the use of machine learning for environmental analysis, building information modelling (BIM) for design optimization, 3D printing and intelligent robots in construction, and intelligent fire facility management. Reactive applications focus on early fire detection and monitoring, especially in forests, utilizing terrestrial, aerial, and satellite systems equipped with advanced sensors and deep learning techniques. This paper highlights the significant contributions of AI in mitigating fire risks, improving fire detection and response, and enhancing the safety and efficiency of fire protection systems.

A knowledge graph based remanufacturing equipment resource modeling method.

Background The uncertainty and non-standardization of the remanufacturing process result in multi-source heterogeneity of remanufacturing equipment capabilities and knowledge information, which limits the development of informationization and intelligence in remanufacturing. Methods Therefore, we propose a knowledge graph-based modeling method for Remanufacturing Equipment Resource (RMER) information. By analyzing the categories of remanufacturing equipment resources and integrating resource information such as man, machine, material, method, and environment, a unified remanufacturing equipment information model and service capability information model were constructed. Based on the top-down knowledge graph construction process, the RMER semantic association information of the ontology pattern and data layers was extracted and integrated to construct the RMER knowledge graph. Results In this paper, 18 enterprise texts, 50 experience texts and thesis patent texts were selected as the training set, and 2 enterprise texts, 50 experience texts and thesis patent texts were selected as the test set. After multiple rounds of model training, the accuracy rate of entity information extraction reached 91.4%, which proved the accuracy and effectiveness of the model for entity information document extraction. Conclusions This study provides a unified information foundation for mapping and optimizing the resource capabilities of remanufacturing equipment. It can help remanufacturing enterprises to quickly configure equipment resources, and improve the intelligent and automated management level of RMER.

UPI-LT: Enhancing Information Propagation Predictions in Social Networks Through User Influence and Temporal Dynamics

The TEST pervasive use of social media has highlighted the importance of developing sophisticated models for early information warning systems within online communities. Despite the advancements that have been made, existing models often fail to adequately consider the pivotal role of network topology and temporal dynamics in information dissemination. This results in suboptimal predictions of content propagation patterns. This study introduces the User Propagation Influence-based Linear Threshold (UPI-LT) model, which represents a novel approach to the simulation of information spread. The UPI-LT model introduces an innovative approach to consider the number of active neighboring nodes, incorporating a time decay factor to account for the evolving influence of information over time. The model’s technical innovations include the incorporation of a homophily ratio, which assesses the similarity between users, and a dynamic adjustment of activation thresholds, which reflect a deeper understanding of social influence mechanisms. Empirical results on real-world datasets validate the UPI-LT model’s enhanced predictive capabilities for information spread.

Developing a Workflow for Transforming BIM Models into Immersive Virtual Reality Experiences

Abstract. The integration of Extended Reality (XR) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing interaction with spatial data in the built environment. While the potential of BIM for advanced visualization has been recognized, there remains a need for standardized workflows that facilitate the transformation of BIM models into immersive virtual reality (VR) experiences. This research contributes to the ongoing development of BIM-VR integration by presenting a workflow that leverages Revit, Twinmotion, and Datasmith to create visually rich and interactive VR environments. The established process focuses on enhancing textures, incorporating dynamic lighting and weather simulations, and populating the virtual space with realistic elements. The workflow also addresses the integration of interactable objects to elevate user engagement and the use of cutting-edge VR headsets for an immersive experience. By providing a structured approach to bridging complex BIM data with VR, this research aims to support architects, engineers, construction professionals, and clients in design collaboration, project review, and decision-making across the building lifecycle. The workflow's potential for facilities management and training applications is also explored. Through a case study, the research demonstrates the workflow's effectiveness in facilitating a deeper understanding of architectural spaces before construction, highlighting its potential for improving efficiency and reducing rework. The paper also discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating BIM with GIS and sensor data to create comprehensive digital twins. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on BIM-VR integration and underscores the importance of continued development in this field to enhance the design, communication, and experience of the built environment.

BG-LoA: A Benchmarking Framework for BIM/GIS Data Integration Based on Meta-Modelling Theory

Abstract. There are various studies on the integration of building information modelling (BIM) and geographic information system (GIS) that convert BIM data into GIS data. These studies used different technologies, data standards, data models, and data formats such as RDF (Resource Description Framework), graph, CityGML, and Shapefile to address the data incompatibility problem between BIM and GIS. This makes it difficult to compare these studies for the purpose of assessing research innovation, and sometimes, improper comparisons were carried out between studies. To solve this problem, this study adopted the metamodeling theory used in model-driven software engineering (MDSE) and extended its 4-layer framework of level of abstraction. The new benchmarking framework, referred to as level of abstraction for BIM/GIS data integration (BG-LoA), has 5 levels, including meta metamodel (M3), metamodel (M2), model (M1), reality (data) (M0), and reality (real world) (M00). The common types of IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) conversion were analysed using the new framework, including IFC-to-CityGML, IFC-to-CityJSON, IFC-to-Shapefile, IFC-to-GML, IFC-to-3DTiles, IFC-to-RDF, IFC-to-IfcGraph, and IFC-to-UML. The result shows that the new framework can show the difference between those conversion types, which makes it easier for future studies to benchmark their work and assess level of contribution to the body of knowledge.

Communication and information model of the inclusion of digital participation in the evaluation of social processes

The evolution and wide use of modern technologies, tools and methods of communication are an integral part of the modern information society. In particular, current communication and information technologies provide an opportunity to create and extract a digital footprint for an individual or a certain group. In relation to the public authorities’ activities, the digital footprint can be used to analyse the reaction of society to their actions more effectively. By researching the digital footprint of social media actors in a particular region, it is possible to determine how the population treats various decisions and measures taken by the authorities. Due to digital participation, citizens have the opportunity and a tool to facilitate the management process at the stages of decision-making. The digital participation generates a digital footprint, the analysis of which provides feedback on the actions of the authorities. The purpose of the article is to propose a communicative and information model for the inclusion of the digital participation in the evaluation of social processes, consisting of mechanisms and interfaces for obtaining information alongside with mechanisms and interfaces for receiving feedback for evaluating the activities of public authorities in the region. The efficiency of the model has been practically proved by the example of a socially significant event in the Oryol region. Using the example of regional management centres, the expediency of introducing the model for evaluating the activities of public authorities in the region through receiving feedback is shown. This will increase the involvement of citizens in the regulation of social processes in the region and improve the quality of management.

OS DESAFIOS DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DA METODOLOGIA BIM EM ESCRITÓRIOS DE ARQUITETURA NA CIDADE DE VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA – BA

Building Information Modeling (BIM) can be defined as a methodology that uses 3D models and their detailed data on all elements involved in a civil construction project. As society is a constantly evolving organism, the Construction Industry has faced the need to adapt in order to deliver better productivity results, thereby meeting increasingly meticulous demands more effectively. Scientific research has shown that the use of BIM can reduce project completion times in infrastructure by up to half. Given this, why is the number of architecture and urban planning firms in Vitória da Conquista – BA, that use this methodology still so minimal? This article, through bibliographic research as well as opinion surveys with architects and urban planners from the city of Vitória da Conquista, aims to demonstrate the challenges of implementing Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology in offices in Vitória da Conquista – BA. Thus, the points discussed in this work will provide a reflection on this question, the conclusion of which will depend on the awareness and experience of each participating architect, as well as the robustness of the understandings used to support the content in the following sections.

BIM-Supported Knowledge Collaboration: A Case Study of a Highway Project in China

Collaboration is challenging in highway building projects since there are always a number of stakeholders involved, each with different responsibilities, backgrounds, objectives, and competing interests. The basis for addressing collaboration problems in building projects is knowledge. Knowledge management (KM) can benefit greatly from the distinctive characteristics of BIM (building information modeling). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate knowledge collaboration in highway construction projects that is enabled by BIM. It first explores the motivations behind and difficulties with using BIM for knowledge-based collaboration. Next, it looks for possible ways to overcome those difficulties. It employs a large highway project as a study case in China. It uses in-depth interviews with a range of contractors working on this project to comprehend the difficulties they face in working together and investigate ways that BIM-supported KM can help stakeholders collaborate more effectively. Ultimately, it creates a conceptual model for knowledge-driven collaborative management within the BIM environment, offering both a theoretical framework and useful direction for knowledge-based collaboration amongst various stakeholders. The study explores the advantages of BIM characteristics in knowledge collaboration, which provides empirical evidence for the transformation from traditional IT-based knowledge collaboration to BIM-based knowledge collaboration in large and complex highway projects.

BIM and IFC Data Readiness for AI Integration in the Construction Industry: A Review Approach

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been increasingly integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions to automate building construction processes. However, the methods for effectively transforming data from BIM formats, such as Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), into formats suitable for AI applications still need to be explored. This paper conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA guidelines to analyse current data preparation approaches in BIM applications. The goal is to identify the most suitable methods for AI integration by reviewing current data preparation practices in BIM applications. The review included a total of 93 articles from SCOPUS and WoS. The results include eight common data types, two data management frameworks, and four primary data conversion methods. Further analysis identified three barriers: first, the IFC format’s lack of support for time-series data; second, limitations in extracting geometric information from BIM models; and third, the absence of established toolchains to convert IFC files into usable formats. Based on the evidence, the data readiness is at an intermediate level. This research may serve as a guideline for future studies to address the limitations in data preparation within BIM for AI integration.

Urban Wastewater Management Using BIM Method

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a method that emphasizes object-based data management, communication, and collaboration among all project participants throughout the entire lifecycle of a system. It is becoming an international standard for large-scale construction and infrastructure projects. Although BIM is gaining traction in the wastewater industry, the literature on its application in this field is still limited. This research, through expert interviews and literature review, explores the extent to which BIM has been introduced in the sewage industry and the associated opportunities and challenges. Initial projects in wastewater management using BIM include the construction and development of sewage treatment plants and special structures. Planning offices are leading the way in adopting BIM, supported by catalogs of industry-specific objects, clear definitions of responsibilities, and the potential for enhanced operation of sewage systems. Some users have already recognized the benefits of BIM and adjusted their processes accordingly. BIM’s object-oriented modeling improves the visualization of construction projects and processes, offering significant advantages in model-based plan derivation and mass determination. It also focuses on the collection, exchange, and storage of relevant data, which can benefit the entire wastewater industry. The research confirms that BIM adds value to wastewater management, especially since infrastructure is often difficult to access post-construction and knowledge about the systems is typically limited to those involved in the construction phase. However, to fully and effectively utilize BIM, further improvements are necessary. This requires intensive collaboration among project participants, software producers, and customers. The integration of BIM in wastewater management holds promise, but its successful implementation depends on overcoming current challenges and enhancing the method through collective effort. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.928

Cluster of the e-Libraries of the Students’ Scientific Society at the University of Library Studies and Information Technologies in Sofia, Bulgaria

The information resources of the Students’ Scientific Society (SSS) at the University of Library Studies and Information Technologies (ULSIT) in Bulgaria are presented in the current article as an example of reference-information mapping. The retrospective channel of this modeling, structured in 29 e-libraries (2005–), designed for universities, libraries and civil society, was defined as an interdisciplinary cluster of the informatization in Bulgaria with wide international resonance. The methodology of development of the e-libraries and the used terminology define them as a secondary-documental resources. The semantic aspects of the е-libraries are shown as a unified system that is rooted in the universal humanitarian studies and virtually organized around the model of theoretical and practical methodological directions for organization of reference information retrieval databases. The perspectives of the development of similar information resources in the future are revealed. The creation of these e-libraries was part of a pedagogical practice through which students of Library Studies and Information Technologies learned information modeling in an open laboratory environment.

A study on the digital restoration of an ancient city based on historic building information modeling of wooden architectural heritage: focusing on Suwon Hwaseong

This study describes the process of digitally reconstructing the ancient Korean city of Suwon Hwaseong in 3D utilizing Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) resources to accurately represent its wooden architectural heritage. Previous 3D reconstructions of cultural heritage have often prioritized appearance or remained partially disassembled. However, our reconstruction method offers a comprehensive representation of the appearance and the internal structure of wooden architectural heritage, which can be suitable for restoration maintenance. To ensure accuracy in digital restoration, we collected and utilized administrative records and historical materials, including the geography, fortress walls, folk houses, and Haenggung (the temporary palace of the Joseon Dynasty)—drawing from the archive of the Korean Cultural Heritage Service’s management records and the 1796 manuscript “Uigwe: Royal Protocols of the Hwaseong Fortress” which documents the construction of the ancient city of Suwon Hwaseong. Extensive architectural records were used to generate HBIM data, which digitized historical records, documents, and drawings to accurately represent the complex layout of the wooden architectural heritage. For the folk houses that lacked design records and the fortress walls that retained their original shape, we performed a digital restoration-based façade modeling. These elements of the ancient city of Suwon Hwaseong were assembled into a 3D model using Unreal Engine (version 5.1.1) to digitally reconstruct the city and enhance its visual representation. The digital restoration content, which utilizes visual effects and precise rendering from a game engine, can be used for the restoration, repair, and maintenance of both appearance and internal structures.

Integrating Surface-related Indicators of Coverage, Distance and Distribution for Quantifying Scan-to-BIM Confidence Level

Abstract. Scan-to-BIM is a widely-used approach to generate Building Information Modelling and by extension Digital Twin models in the architecture, engineering, and construction sector. The resulting models need to be as accurate as possible to ensure subsequent activities that make use of them can do so effectively. Quality assessment of point clouds and occlusion assessment of BIM outputted from Scan-to-BIM has been investigated. However, Scan-to-BIM systems currently do not provide proper metrics as to the confidence the user can have in the quality, in particular geometric quality of the outputted model. This paper addresses this gap by introducing a confidence index, for analysing the reliability of the generated 3D models and thereby quantifying the confidence the user can have in them. Index of confidence is itself derived from three more specific indices: index of coverage estimates the portion of the surface of the modelled element that is explained by the input point cloud. Index of distribution estimates how well the points explaining the modelled surfaces are distributed around the overall object’s surface. Index of distance defines the closeness of the generated element models to the input point cloud. The proposed indices are assessed using three real examples, demonstrating their adequacy.

Institutional shaping of CDE implementation in BIM-enabled AEC projects

The common data environment (CDE) for information sharing is one of the fundamental requirements for effective workflow management to harness the potential of building information modeling (BIM). While studies are replete on BIM from a technology adoption perspective, notably lacking in the literature is the understanding of the influence of institutions and their pressures on CDE adoption as an information management platform. This study aims to address this gap. Using the action research approach, a flagship university construction project in India was studied to understand the interplay of institutions and CDE adoption. Institutional theory was used as a theoretical lens to illuminate and analyze the implementation issues of CDE. The findings show that CDE implementation undergoes a series of transformations due to institutional pressures. The responses to institutional pressures are conformance, coupling and decoupling, and mutations. Insights of this study guide practitioners to be aware of the processes through which institutional pressures contextualize and transform the intended change. Accordingly, findings can help managers and public sector agents on aspects related to nudging and shaping the implementation of change through action strategies and tactics. The study extends the BIM adoption/localization literature by highlighting that institutional pressures modify the objectives of CDE. It theorizes the processes through which institutional pressures contextualize and transform a change agenda.

Evaluation capacity building in theory and practice: Revisiting models from practitioner perspectives

AbstractThis article seeks to bring practitioner experience to bear on existing models of ECB with a particular focus on the models through the lens of our own ECB practice. We reflect on how our ECB practices align with or challenge these models, and how the insights that come from those reflections can inform future ECB research and frameworks for evaluating ECB initiatives. As is often the case when theory collides with practice, current models may not always reflect and serve the work at hand, and the value and usefulness, as well as accuracy and relevance, of existing models is worth investigating. With this in mind, we offer input to inform future models of ECB that are more inclusive of and relevant for the broad spectrum of current ECB practice and, subsequently, its evaluation.

Zone-based many-objective building decarbonization considering outdoor temperature and occupation uncertainty

Operational building decarbonization is challenging due to complex weather conditions and occupation uncertainty. This paper introduces a precise optimization framework integrating the building information modelling technique and intelligent algorithms to dynamically predict multi-scenario building carbon emissions and optimize the building emissions performance considering building zones and weather conditions. Firstly, the on-site data and building information modeling-supported building emissions simulation data are collected for model training. Secondly, using intelligent algorithms, zone-based hourly carbon emissions and multi-scenario carbon emissions prediction are conducted simultaneously. Thirdly, the optimal decarbonization strategies are conducted using intelligent algorithms under various weather conditions. This framework has been verified for decarbonization in a high-rise operational building. The results reveal that: (1) The carbon emissions prediction is highly consistent with the ground truth after considering the sub-zone correlations; the R2 for the west, south, and east zones are 0.900, 0.900, and 0.942, respectively; (2) The surrogate models can accurately predict carbon emissions and thermal comforts with all R2 are higher than 0.912. The optimization rate of the building reaches 59.2 % while the outdoor temperature is above 35 °C. (3) In the many-objective optimization model, considering occupation uncertainty makes the strategy close to the actual situation, reaching the decarbonization by 6815.23 kg compared to the empirical operation for the cooling period. This work provides a new path for operational building precise management and control-oriented optimization decarbonization.

Visionary constructs: revolutionizing students internships through BIM and extended reality synergy

ABSTRACT This study investigates the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Extended Reality (XR) technologies in construction education, focusing on their application in internship programs. Traditional internships often face limitations such as restricted exposure to complex scenarios and geographical constraints. To address these challenges, this research examines how BIM-XR technologies can bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) disciplines. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative data from interviews with students, educators, and industry professionals alongside quantitative survey data. This comprehensive methodology enabled an in-depth assessment of BIM-XR's impact on student learning outcomes and operational efficiency. The findings revealed that BIM-XR integration significantly enhances educational experiences by providing immersive simulations that help students visualize complex construction processes. This leads to better preparedness for real-world challenges, increased engagement, and more effective internships. Additionally, BIM-XR offers practical benefits for industry practices, such as improved project planning, real-time decision-making, and enhanced stakeholder collaboration. However, the study also highlights challenges, including the steep learning curve, limited access to necessary technologies, and high implementation costs. These limitations point to the need for comprehensive training programs, affordable technology options, and institutional support to ensure broader adoption. Looking ahead, the study suggests that further integration of BIM-XR with emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT) could further enhance educational outcomes and industry practices.

Building material reuse: An optimization framework for sourcing new and reclaimed building materials

The process of sourcing Reclaimed Construction Materials (RCMs) is predominantly manual and hindered by the limited digital presence of RCMs. However, the advancing technological landscape provides an opportunity to create a modular framework that can assess the value proposition of New Construction Materials (NCMs) and RCMs for a project before acquiring them. A field study in the Kitchener/Waterloo region inspired the development of a framework that has three underlying systems encompassing digital tools for data collection and analysis: (1) The Real Environment uses 3D scanners and a spreadsheet software, (2) The Model Environment uses Building Information Modeling (BIM) software and a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool, and (3) The Core Engine uses an optimization program. Real-world data collected from RCM stores (The Habitat for Humanity) and NCM stores (The Home Depot) are used for a realistic demonstration of the framework. By practically applying the framework to source window and door components for a modeled multi-residential building design, an integrated selection of 35% RCMs and 65% NCMs was proposed for the building design. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is also performed for validation. The framework may disrupt the ongoing building design practices that deem material reuse problematic by enabling flexible sourcing of used and new building materials. A modular and iterative framework for facilitating reuse is thus contributed.