Model System For Formation Research Articles

Application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) System for Building Construction Project

Application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) System for Building Construction Project

Demonstrating efficiency through data connectivity between asset management systems and IM

The CoDEC (Connected Data for Effective Collaboration) project has developed standardised tools – an Asset Data Dictionary and associated Ontology – to support data integration between Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Asset Management Systems (AMS). CoDEC has also developed an OpenAPI (Application Protocol Interface) to enable automatic data connection between the two systems. Having developed the standardised process, the potential benefits offered for connecting and linking data have been shown in three pilot projects to demonstrate (1) how tunnel monitoring data can enrich BIM models of tunnels (2) how data from bridge sensors can be linked and visualised and (3) how highway data from a BIM model can be linked to GIS-based AMS for the operational phase. This paper describes the project outcomes.

Development of an Information Model of a Heat Supply System at Various Stages of the Life Cycle

Introduction. Data on elements of heat supply systems of the Russian Federation (heat sources, heating networks) are given as well as the main energy characteristics. The main problems in the industry are indicated. It is concluded that it is necessary to optimize the operation of heat supply systems in all its links and at all stages of the life cycle.Materials and Methods. For optimal control of thermal power systems, the authors consider it expedient to create a digital information model of each element of the system at each stage of the life cycle, including: - three-dimensional engineering digital terrain model; - three-dimensional engineering digital model of heating networks, taking into account adjacent communications and structures;- operational digital model of the heat supply system on the platform of the geoinformation software complex Zulu21. The technology of data exchange in IFC format between software complexes is given. The necessity of verification of the operational model using the data of field measurements on the physical model of the heat supply system is indicated.Results. The creation of a digital information 6D model of the heat supply system allows you to move to a higher level: intelligent dynamic control of a complex energy system (neurocontrol). The SCADA software package in online mode collects the necessary information (temperature, pressure, coolant flow) from sensors installed at characteristic points of the system. All information is transmitted to Zulu, a software package with built-in support for OPC technology to receive data from a SCADA system. The received data is fed into the ZuluGis software package, which includes the ZuluThermo module, with a loaded digital information model of the heat supply system. The actual thermal and hydraulic modes of the system are calculated in the module. Data on the optimal and actual thermal-hydraulic modes are transmitted to the neurofeedback unit for comparison and management decisionmaking. The decision is transmitted to the appropriate controller to initialize actions to change a parameter.Discussion and Conclusions. A technology for developing a digital information model for elements of a heat supply system at all stages of its life cycle is proposed. The creation of a digital information 6D model of the heat supply system allows you to move to a higher level: intelligent dynamic control of a complex energy system (neurocontrol). The use of intelligent control makes it possible to improve the quality of decisions made, significantly increase the energy efficiency of heat supply systems and the quality of services provided to the end user.

BIM based hygrothermal modelling of building constructions

The construction industry is currently one of the least digitised. However, due to recent technological developments, building information modelling and management (BIM) systems are increasingly being used to increase the efficiency of constructions and sustainable use of resources and increase the energy efficiency of buildings. In the case of new constructions or building renovations, properly designed hygrothermal behaviour of building materials, elements and structures are unavoidable to achieve the objectives mentioned above. Therefore, we can ensure the comfort of our users and healthy living space.BIM is the most suitable and widespread method for digital management of building stock and related data and integration. With the possibilities offered by BIM, it is possible to integrate building physical modelling right into the architectural design process. However, with standard BIM systems, we cannot embed detailed material properties, weather, or the effects of the natural and built environment in the BIM model for heat and moisture transfer (HAM) modelling for hygrothermal performance evaluation at present. Furthermore, the data exchange process is one-way mainly and unregulated between BIM and numerical simulation tools.In the presented paper, both a Closed BIM and an Open BIM based workflow are presented to bridge the gap between BIM and hygrothermal modelling of building components and constructions, that can contribute to the design of sustainable, economic and hygrothermal optimal building constructions and also could be a basis for artificial intelligence-based optimised design solutions.

Framework for the assessment of the existing building stock through BIM and GIS

With 60% of the world's raw materials extraction, the construction sector is the largest consumer of raw materials. The consumption can be reduced through reuse and recycling of building materials which reached their end-of-life; however, there is lack of information on the building stock. This paper presents a bottom-up approach based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess material quantities. To test this approach, a real-world building is used. The material intensity is calculated based on existing planning documentations, on-site investigations, laser scanning and a BIM-model. The gross volumes (GVs) obtained from GIS enable the modelling and prediction of cities' building stocks. The results of this paper demonstrate the method of calculating material intensities and present how the applied method can be used to predict building stocks. The latter is presented as a framework which can support various cities in assessing their material stock.

The Application of Graph in BIM/GIS Integration

Information exchange between building information modelling (BIM) and geographic information system (GIS) is problematic, especially in terms of semantic information. Graph-based technologies, such as the resource description framework (RDF) and the labelled property graph (LPG), are promising in solving this problem. These two technologies are different but have not been systematically investigated in the context of BIM/GIS integration. This paper presents our systematic investigation into these two technologies, trying to propose the proper one for BIM/GIS data integration. The main findings are as follows. (1) Both LPG-based databases and RDF-based databases can be generally considered graph databases, but an LPG-based database is considered a native graph database, while an RDF-based database is not. (2) RDF suits applications focusing more on linking data and sharing data, and (3) LPG-based graph database suits applications focusing more on data query and analysis. An LPG-based graph database is thus proposed for BIM/GIS data integration. This review can facilitate the use of graph technology in BIM/GIS integration.

Combining BIM & GIS Information to Simulate Circularity of Building Stocks in a City—A Case Study of Taipei City

Building stocks in cities have consumed a large amount of energy and resources globally, resulting in serious greenhouse gas pollution and environmental problems. As a circular economy has become one of the effective solutions to current environmental problems, energy and material circularity indicators of building stocks in cities become important instruments for city planners in creating sustainable and resilient cities. However, such evaluation requires a high level of integration of both spatial and attribute information of both buildings and cities. A highly integrated system is required to produce reliable analysis results. This study aims to create an evaluation tool for city planners through utilizing information contained via Building Information Modeling and Geographic Information System. Through this tool, planners and decision makers can understand current and future circularity and environmental impacts of building stocks in cities and therefore can propose the most suitable planning and governance strategies and policies. Through visualization of simulation results on an information platform, the awareness of a circular city could also be raised. Taipei city and its city master plan are used as a case study for validation of the proposed tool.

Toward cognitive digital twins using a BIM-GIS asset management system for a diffused university

The integrated use of building information modeling (BIM) and geographic information system (GIS) is promising for the development of asset management systems (AMSs) for operation and maintenance (O&M) in smart university campuses. The combination of BIM-GIS with cognitive digital twins (CDTs) can further facilitate the management of complex systems such as university building stock. CDTs enable buildings to behave as autonomous entities, dynamically reacting to environmental changes. Timely decisions based on the actual conditions of buildings and surroundings can be provided, both in emergency scenarios or when optimized and adaptive performances are required. The research aims to develop a BIM-GIS-based AMS for improving user experience and enabling the optimal use of resources in the O&M phase of an Italian university. Campuses are complex assets, mainly diffused with buildings spread across the territory, managed with still document-based and fragmented databases handled by several subjects. This results in incomplete and asymmetrical information, often leading to ineffective and untimely decisions. The paper presents a methodology for the development of a BIM-GIS web-based platform (i.e., AMS-app) providing the real-time visualization of the asset in an interactive 3D map connected to analytical dashboards for management support. Two buildings of the University of Turin are adopted as demonstrators, illustrating the development of an easily accessible, centralized database by integrating spatial and functional data, useful also to develop future CDTs. As a first attempt to show the AMS app potential, crowd simulations have been conducted to understand the buildings’ actual level of safety in case of fire emergency and demonstrate how CDTs could improve it. The identification of data needed, also gathered through the future implementation of suitable sensors and Internet of Things networks, is the core issue together with the definition of effective asset visualization and monitoring methods. Future developments will explore the integration of artificial intelligence and immersive technologies to enable space use optimization and real-time wayfinding during evacuation, exploiting digital tools to alert and drive users or authorities for safety improvement. The ability to easily optimize the paths with respect to the actual occupancy and conditions of both the asset and surroundings will be enabled.

Assessing the Effect of Building Information Modeling System (BIM) Capabilities on Lean Construction Performance in Construction Projects Using Hybrid Fuzzy Multi-criteria Decision-Making Methods

Assessing the Effect of Building Information Modeling System (BIM) Capabilities on Lean Construction Performance in Construction Projects Using Hybrid Fuzzy Multi-criteria Decision-Making Methods

BIM-GIS integration approach for high-fidelity wind hazard modeling at the community-level

Wind hazards often result in significant damage to the built environment cascading into impacts on the socio-economic systems within a community. The increasing frequency and intensity of hurricane hazards highlight the importance of developing high-resolution wind hazard models to better predict the consequences. Although previous studies have investigated hurricane-induced wind hazards in terms of hazard modeling and the subsequent vulnerability of buildings and infrastructure, these studies have not yet investigated applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) at the community-level. Therefore, in this study, a novel approach was developed to generate CFD models at the community-level by integrating building information modeling (BIM) and geographical information systems (GIS) to automate the generation of a high-resolution 3-D community model to be used as an input for a digital wind tunnel. This was done by harnessing the current advances in BIM and GIS applications and maximizing their capabilities by developing an algorithm that automates the 3-D geometry generation of communities with a detailed discretization of each building within the community. The 3-D community model was developed using the GIS shapefile of the buildings’ footprint and a parametric BIM model that uses a number of building parameters such as footprint dimensions, roof shape, foundation type, and the number of stories. Then, an algorithm was developed to automate the creation of the BIM model for each building within the community based on the prescribed building’s characteristics. The developed community model was used as an input for a numerical wind tunnel that uses CFD to account for the detailed wind pressure at each building after including the impacts of aerodynamics interference at the community-level. This novel BIM-GIS integration approach provides, for the first time, the next generation of high-resolution community-level CFD wind hazard modeling which aims to shift the current practice of wind hazard simulation at the community-level.

Code Checking using BIM for Digital Building Permit: a case study in a Brazilian municipality

There is a growing interest from municipalities around the world in digitizing the building permit process using building information modeling (BIM) and geographic information system (GIS) for automated code checking. However, technical, political, and commercial barriers still prevent digitization from becoming a reality and being widely implemented and locally adapted. The main objective of this research is to analyse best practices and lessons learned by a Brazilian municipality for BIM-based electronic system implementation. The adopted methodology included a comprehensive literature review of existing international initiatives in America, Europe, and Asia. Data collection occurred in a case study in a Brazilian municipality implementing BIM to digitize the different types of existing permits. The results indicate the leading practices and lessons learned by the municipality in their internal stage for developing the automated code checking system and promoting changes in processes, policies, and organizational culture. The findings also highlight best practices and promising international experiences, a comparative analysis with the Brazilian municipal context. The main contribution of this study is to provide a greater understanding of the required practices and the BIM/GIS role in the digital building permit process. As a practical contribution, the experiences in the Brazilian context provide valuable inputs for the journey of smart cities.

CREATING CONTEXTUAL VIEW OF CMMS ASSETS USING GEOSPATIAL 2D/3D DATA

Abstract. Computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS) aim to assist administration and maintenance agents in their asset maintenance tasks (e.g., building, network, air conditioning, faucets maintenance). In this context, geospatial data can help to have a better understanding of the assets they represent by providing additional information: spatial, thematic, temporal, or inter-object relationships. Using such information often leads to interoperability issues as different domains describe them with different data models, like Building Information Modeling (using the Industry Foundation Classes format) and Geographic Information System (using the CityGML format). Spatial information, and particularly 2D or 3D geometry, are stored using heterogeneous representations (e.g., triangle soup, boundary representation, sweep volume, composite solids). Visualization and navigation in the information provided by multiple data sources remain a problem, as there is a need to understand the domains, languages, and models used to describe them. Furthermore, there is a need for solutions to integrate geometric data to manage and visualize existing 2D or 3D representations of assets in geospatial data stores while being able to retrieve additional information using semantic data stores. We propose, in this paper, a methodology to integrate heterogeneous geospatial data in the same viewer by transforming geometric data to a standardized format while keeping a link to sources, in order to navigate in the context of an asset by visualizing its spatial and thematic information.

Building Interior Layout Design Based on Building Information Model and Deep Learning Technology: Taking the Interior Renewal Design of the Fifth Floor of the Procuratorate of Dong Xi Hu District as an Example.

With the development of the Internet era and the information age, electronic information technology has profoundly affected human life and work, and the architectural design industry is no exception. Architectural design has a complex design period, and the arbitrary division of labour reflects the particularity of its working process. At present, the integration of electronic information technology and scientific and technological software into architectural design has dramatically improved the work efficiency of designers. However, due to the enormous workload of drawing and modification of building drawings, and many professional departments involved in cooperation, the error rate of drawing design is still high, which eventually leads to a series of serious problems such as stagnation of the design process and rework of construction. However, due to the enormous workload of drawing and modification of building drawings, and many professional departments involved in cooperation, the error rate of drawing design is still high, which eventually leads to a series of serious problems such as stagnation of the design process and rework of construction. The BIM building information model system is an electronic information platform for comprehensive architectural design majors. It can integrate the design drawings of various majors in the design process, correct the design problems caused by inaccurate pictures at the first time, and reduce the errors in the design process. Through the BIM system and Python programming software, cross-platform cooperation is carried out to carry out computer deep learning and a series of extra design work. This paper puts forward the interior design method of the BIM system and shows the research work of interior design by the BIM building information platform through practical cases. By comparing with traditional design methods, the advantages of this technology in interior design are demonstrated, and a reference for future interior design informatization is provided.

Developing Building Management System Framework using Web-based-GIS and BIM Integration

Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information systems (GIS) are two digital system innovations advantageously applied in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations (AECO) sectors. GIS and BIM integration development is indispensable in building and infrastructure management. This integration promises several benefits for the operational phase of buildings and infrastructures. However, it faces challenges in data transformation and collaboration. This study proposes a framework and model for a web-based building management platform. The framework is developed by transforming BIM data into the GIS environment using the latest technology from ArcGIS. It allows data-sharing and collaboration among stakeholders, help build management, and is valuable for decision-making. The stakeholders, who do not need a BIM-GIS expert, could virtually see the report and updates of this building model every time.

A Process Model for Collaboration at the Design Stage of Rail Project Delivery

The absence of a clear collaboration process at the design stage of rail projects hinders the ability to provide the right information at the right time for the right purposes. The scope and complexity of rail projects make them particularly sensitive to problems arising from poor collaboration. Within projects, collaboration is a key enabler for effective decision-making and rework reduction, and this leads to time and cost savings. Strategies and technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) facilitate collaboration among project stakeholders during the asset delivery phase, but require a roadmap to ensure successful implementation. Using collaboration as a theoretical lens, and applying collaboration technologies, this paper conceptualized the collaboration processes for rail delivery with the focus on the design stage. The aim of this research was to develop a collaboration process model at the design stage of rail delivery. Ten in-depth interviews with BIM, GIS, and rail delivery experts were carried out to identify the dimensions and characteristics of the collaboration process model. The collaboration process emerging from the results was modeled using Integrated Definition (IDEF) notation, and revealed the project activities, key players’ roles, and responsibilities for effective BIM-GIS–based collaboration in the design stage of rail projects. The process was operationalized by customizing a commercial common data environment platform and was validated using a focus group and an in-depth interview to establish the trustworthiness of the theoretically modeled collaboration process for rail delivery. The precise model of the collaboration process, based on integrated use of BIM and GIS, constitutes a significant original contribution of this research. This model should facilitate smoother implementation of these technologies, timely information flows between project participants, and ultimately more-effective delivery of rail projects.

Repairing geometric errors in 3D urban models with kinetic data structures

3D urban models created either interactively by human operators or automatically with reconstruction algorithms often contain geometric and semantic errors. Correcting them in an automated manner is an important scientific challenge. Prior work, which traditionally relies on local analysis and heuristic-based geometric operations on mesh data structures, is typically tailored-made for specific 3D formats and urban objects. We propose a more general method to process different types of urban models without tedious parameter tuning. The key idea lies on the construction of a kinetic data structure that decomposes the 3D space into polyhedra by extending the facets of the imperfect input model. Such a data structure allows us to re-build all the relations between the facets in an efficient and robust manner. Once built, the cells of the polyhedral partition are regrouped by semantic classes to reconstruct the corrected output model. We demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of our algorithm on a variety of real-world defect-laden models and show its competitiveness with respect to traditional mesh repairing techniques from both Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data.

Development of Quantity Take-off Building Information Modeling System for Retaining Wall

본 논문에서는 BIM을 활용한 흙막이 시스템을 개발하고 소개한다. 선행 연구 분석을 통해서 흙막이 BIM 시스템을 이루는 기술들에 대한 조사를 바탕으로 요소 기술들을 개발하였다. 첫 번째 요소 기술로, 선행 연구 및 표준 등을 활용해 BIM라이브러리를 구축하여 범용성과 재사용성을 확보하였다. 두 번째로, 토공 2D 기반의 토공 물량 산출법들을 분석하고 흙막이 BIM 시스템으로 활용하되 추가로 IDW 보간법을 활용하여 지형 생성 및 토공량 산출 시스템을 구축하였다. 세 번째로, 물량 산출을 위한 4가지 수식을 제안하여 객체마다 각각 다르게 물량 산출법을 적용하여 개발하였다. 이후, 시스템에서 산출되는 물량산출서와 2D 기반 물량산출서와의 비교와 검증을 통해서 시스템이 앞으로 나아가야할 방향과 한계에 대해 알아보았다.

An enhanced framework for next‐generation operational buildings energy performance certificates

The improvement of the energy performance of buildings is identified as one of the core challenges toward achieving a carbon-neutral built environment. In the 2018 recast of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, the European Commission has emphasized the need for improved schemes, to ensure the best possible evaluation of the actual energy performance of buildings, taking into consideration all the parameters related both to their construction and operation. Significant research efforts have been designated in this area, to identifying the additional information required to not only improve the energy performance certification process but also to provide more thorough reports to end-users. To increase comprehension, awareness, and thus genuine involvement, cutting-edge digital technologies are expected to be used. The research project entitled “Next-generation Dynamic Digital EPCs for Enhanced Quality and User Awareness” (D^2EPC GA 892984) introduces a comprehensive approach to next-generation Energy Performance Certificates that addresses the main challenges and gaps in buildings' energy assessment process, by introducing additional layers of information for the assessor and the user. A non-exhaustive list of the novel set of Energy Performance Certificates indicators, proposed in D^2EPC includes energy, smart readiness, wellbeing, comfort, financial, and sustainability related indicators. In this study, aspects of employing advanced digital solutions, like Building Information Modelling and Geographical Information Systems for the certification process are also demonstrated, through a well structured, high-level, detailed representation of the next-generation Energy Performance Certificates system architecture. This framework elaborates on individual components and their interaction, toward delivering the envisioned final enriched cloud-based platform, that will enable dynamic Energy Performance Certificates based on (near) real-time field data. This study aspires to initiate the discussion within the scientific community of buildings' energy assessment on the required practices for digitizing and enriching the certification process of buildings, in compliance with Industry 4.0 practices.

An Intelligent Bridge Management and Maintenance Model Using BIM Technology

In recent years, the bridge construction industry of China has developed rapidly. With the increase in bridge service lifetime, numerous damages and cracks have appeared that pose a direct threat to its structure and transportation safety. Therefore, a new approach to bridge management and maintenance is proposed using building information modeling (BIM) system. The objective of this paper is to monitor and manage bridge problems in real time. It will develop an intelligent bridge management and maintenance system model. This system will improve bridge management and maintenance and reduce the number of accidents on unsafe bridges. According to the data, the management and maintenance units can adopt scientific and reasonable methods to manage and restore bridges. This will ensure the safety and property of people. To improve the efficiency of bridge management and maintenance, a visible and accurate model is built with a combination of BIM technology. In this model, bridge damages are controlled and analyzed using BIM technology. The results show that the changes in the cracks and damage to the bridge within a year continue to rise from January to September and decrease from September to October. The crack of width and length continues to increase from October to December. As a case study, Tianyuan Bridge is selected to evaluate the technical condition of the bridge. The overall evaluation of the bridge result indicates a class II bridge.

Yapı Bilgi Modellemesi’nin Türkiye için Uygulanabilirliğinin Araştırılması

Her geçen gün daha karmaşık hale gelen yapıların, her anlamda verimli bir şekilde inşa edilebilmeleri, teknolojiden faydalanma derecesiyle yakından ilgilidir. Her türlü ön çalışma ve analizlerin yapılabilmesine olanak sağlamak suretiyle bina tasarımlarını sürdürülebilir, sağlıklı ve düşük maliyetlerle projelendirebilen Yapı Bilgi Modelleme (YBM) sisteminin kullanımı bu anlamda önemlidir. Bu anket çalışması ile YBM'nin sektör çalışanları tarafından bilinirliği, sağlayabileceği avantajların farkındalığı, daha yaygın kullanımının sağlanmasında engel olarak görülen hususları ve bu hususların giderilmesi noktasındaki düşüncelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen verilere göre YBM sistemi, ülkemizde henüz yeterince bilinmemekte (%50) ve kullanılmamaktadır (% 67). Çalışmaya katılanların % 70’i ise YBM sisteminin nasıl kullanıldığını bilmemektedir. YBM sisteminin farkındalığı ve kullanımı henüz emekleme safhasındadır. Diğer yandan YBM sisteminin sektöre katkı sağlayabileceği fikrinin katılımcılarca büyük oranda kabul görmesi, ilerleyen zamanlarda sistemin daha fazla kullanılacağı şeklinde yorumlanabilir. Ankete katılanların % 41’i YBM’nin proje maliyetlerini kesinlikle azaltacağı ve %31’i de azaltacağı fikrindedir. YBM ile inşaat aşamasından önce olası problemlerin tespitinin yapılabileceği fikri, katılımcılar tarafından % 58 oranında destek bulmuştur. YBM sisteminin kullanımının yaygınlaştırılmasında en büyük katkının devlet tarafından verilebileceği görüşü % 61, sektördeki rekabet baskısının kullanımı yaygınlaştıracağı fikri ise % 41 oranla kabul görmüştür. Büyük ölçüde kabul gördüğü üzere, sistem hakkında eğitim imkânlarının geliştirilmesi faydalı olabilecektir. Akademik çalışmalar ve tecrübeli olan kişi veya kurumlardan YBM’e geçiş konusunda destek alınabilir. YBM kullanımına geçişin gecikmesindeki en önemli sebeplerden biri olarak görülen yasal düzenlemelerin yapılması da bu anlamda faydalı olacaktır.