Information-measuring Systems Research Articles

Information universal non-contact transducers of control and management systems

In contact and communication devices, power equipment, relay protection and automation terminals, and in the electric power industry of smart cities and houses, microprocessor-based devices for relay protection and automation, distributed generation installations, including renewable energy sources, and energy storage devices, as well as “smart” ones, are beginning to be used automated information-measuring systems. They widely use non-contact transducers of direct and alternating currents of control and management systems. Their disadvantages are a narrow range of controlled currents, large dimensions and weight. Therefore, their elimination is important. The paper considers the general principles of building information non-contact transducers of large direct currents, the basic requirements for them. The paper shows the results of the development of one of the options proposed by us, universal non-contact magnetomodulating transducers of large direct currents with an extended range for various monitoring and control systems in the electric power industry of solar power plants, renewable energy sources, laser and solar installations, in industry, science and technology, in rural and water management, as well as in farming and in everyday life. The developed non-contact transducer can be widely used in industry, in agriculture, as well as in the electric power industry of smart cities.

Information-Measuring System for Predicting and Preventing Accidental Gas Emissions into the Atmosphere

Ways to improve the efficiency of information-measuring and control systems for predicting and preventing accidental gas emissions into the atmosphere for gas distribution facilities are given. Implementation of the developed system in relation to gas reduction points and electrical protective installations is proposed.

Two-dimensional data-block compression of information-measuring system algorithms

The authors suggest a new approach to develop measurement data compression algorithms. According to that a data frame is considered as a bit sequence formed into a two-dimensional well-ordered linear structure. It is supposed that there is no explicit bind to the source data / specifications width within the collected structure. The researchers propose block compression algorithms. They take into account not only the relationship between one sensor readings in adjacent samples, but also the connection of the samples in one frame so that it is expected to contribute to higher compression efficiency. The studies of the proposed compression algorithms have shown that they can be effectively used for compressing data frames of information-measuring systems. The mid-compression ratio of the proposed block compression algorithms falls in the range 8.0 to 9.5, and a simple adaptive algorithm observed in the paper provides the maximum value of the average compression ratio.

Materials of the 7th International Scientific and Technical Conference "Metrology, Information-Measuring Technologies and Systems" (MIMTS-2020)

This special issue of the Ukrainian Metrology Journal is dedicated to the 7th International Scientific and Technical Conference Metrology, Information and Measurement Technologies and Systems (MIMTS). It presents theses of reports on the theoretical foundations of metrology, discusses the basic principles of ensuring traceability of measurements, information-measuring and control systems, modern measurement technologies and quality assurance.The theses of the reports examined topical issues of theoretical, legislative and applied metrology, traceability of measurements, international cooperation in the field of metrology, metrological support of information-measuring systems, modern technologies of various types of measurements, training in the field of metrology, standardization, certification, quality assessment.The content of the theses of the reports reflects the personal views of the authors on the issues considered, which do not always coincide with the opinion of the organizers of the conference. The contradictions that were discussed at the conference.

Real-time fast Fourier transform

The paper presents a method of implementation of fast Fourier transform in real-time data processing and measurement systems. The method is based on software and hardware package «UMIKON», supporting input-output drivers. Classic Cooley and Tukey algorithm apply to real-time data vector, which formed by successive shift after every clock cycle time. This approach to data processing in real-time allows reaching high access time in information measurement systems when analyzing dynamic processes.

Approximation of distribution law of experimental test data to assess reliability of information-measuring and control systems

Methods of approximation for the distribution law of experimental data find wide application in problems of reliability assessment in tests of both hardware and software of software modules of information-measuring and control systems (SM IMCS). Thus, the main task is to solve the problem of increasing the accuracy of the approximation and simplify experimental data processing. In this paper various modification types of Pearson distribution for data taking both positive and negative values, and for data taking only positive values are considered. The described modifications allow one to solve a range of problems related to the existing distributions, as well as to improve the simplicity of the approximation procedure. Pearson logarithmic distributions are proposed for experimental data that take only positive values.

Вдосконалення методу контролю ізоляції блока ‘’генератор-трансформатор’’

In the conditions of significant aging of the main production capacities and prolongation of the service life of electrical equipment of power plants of Ukraine, the question of development and implementation of methods of continuous control of the technical condition of the generator–transformer unit equipment is urgent. Modern information-measuring systems and relay protection terminals, operated on generator–transformer units, enable control of electrical, thermal, mechanical parameters and parameters characterizing the status or position of technological fittings and auxiliary equipment, as well as providing relay protection of electrical equipment a wide range of possible damage. However, the existing information-measurement systems do not allow the tracing of the following electrical parameters of the stator winding isolation such as resistance, capacitance and tangent of angle of the dielectric loss, and relay protection may be insensitive to the occurrence of single-phase ground fault near the neutral point of the stator winding and symmetric decrease of parameters of the stator winding insulation, and does not allow detecting the occurrence of damage at an early stage of its development and signal this to the service personnel. There is also the possibility of false actuations at unit start-ups due to the asymmetry of voltages in the machine phases, which is especially acute in synchronous hydrogenerators. The paper proposes a method of controlling the isolation of a stator winding of a synchronous generator operating in a block with a transformer, a block diagram and basic formulas for signal processing and calculation of electrical insulation parameters. The proposed method is based on the overlay on the circuit containing the stator winding, alternating voltage signals with a frequency lower than the rated network frequency, DC voltage, the use of energy of the pre-charged capacitor and the calculation of the isolation parameters of the generator–transformer unit. The proposed solutions will allow increasing the efficiency of operation of power units by providing operational and repair personnel with reliable information on the technical condition of isolation of equipment in the scheme of power unit output.

Увеличение динамического диапазона АЦП в информационноизмерительных системах методами цифровой обработки сигналов

Увеличение динамического диапазона АЦП в информационноизмерительных системах методами цифровой обработки сигналов

МЕТОД СИНТЕЗА МОСТОВЫХ ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЕЙ И ДАТЧИКОВ ДЛЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫХ И УПРАВЛЯЮЩИХ СИСТЕМ АНТЕННЫМИ СОГЛАСУЮЩИМИ УСТРОЙСТВАМИ

МЕТОД СИНТЕЗА МОСТОВЫХ ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЕЙ И ДАТЧИКОВ ДЛЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫХ И УПРАВЛЯЮЩИХ СИСТЕМ АНТЕННЫМИ СОГЛАСУЮЩИМИ УСТРОЙСТВАМИ

Early detection of the beginning of a gradual change in properties insulating materials

Procedure of early detection of a gradual change in insulating materials properties (disorder) is developed on the basis of thermal conductivity degradation under the hostility exposure. In the procedure of Bayesian statement development for early detection of a gradual disorder beside the initial data in which the disorder is searching it is proposed to use the additional information from indicators indirectly proofing a possible disorder. The simulated results showed that the value of delay in the detection of gradual change beginning of thermal conductivity in various insulating materials is reduced by an average of 20% in comparison with the existing procedures. The worked out procedure is meant for implementation in information-measuring systems of materials properties and process characteristics control.

Adaptive estimation of the dispersion noise matrix at linear measurements based on non-periodic accurate observations

The lack of modern methods for ensuring the stability of Kalman filtering under the priori uncertainty condition of the dispersion matrix measurement interference is the absence of strict criteria for choosing adaptation coefficients when calculating the posterior covariance matrix or the inability to adaptively evaluate in real time from the minimum covariance of the update sequence due to the need for its preliminary calculation. The article is devoted to the development of a new approach to adapting the Kalman filter, using the ability to obtain accurate measurements for a wide class of objects that irregularly enter their monitoring system (reference point, reference points, radio frequency identifiers, etc.). It is shown that for the distinguished case, the problem of adaptive estimation of the dispersion noise matrix of a linear meter in the Kalman filter can be solved analytically by using matrix methods of linear algebra. A numerical example illustrating the effectiveness of the procedure for estimating the state vector of a moving object based on the proposed algorithm in comparison with the traditional approach is presented. The simplicity and accuracy of the proposed algorithm provide the possibility of its effective application for the widest class of information-measuring systems. Keywords adaptive estimation; dispersion matrix of measurement noise; Kalman filter; non-periodic accurate observations

Applying of IIoT technologies in an automated information system for monitoring and accounting of energy resources

The authors consider the actual task of increasing the scalability and ease of deployment of a distributed automated system for monitoring and metering of energy resources (ASMMER, hereinafter referred to as the System). The system intended for experimental investigation of complex transient modes of operation in high-voltage circuits of power supply systems (up to 25 kV) of the experimental Sverdlovsk Railway (Russian Railways) pilot site. This article proposes a solution using the technologies of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The protocol stack for the system, that was formed and implemented programmatically, reduces the amount of traffic in the system and supports existing and developing devices with LoRa and XNB technologies. The proposed solutions allowed the development of mobile information-measuring systems using wireless technologies (ZigBee, LoRa, XNB) and independent power sources. The proposed set of solutions allows providing a modular architecture for the rapid addition of new devices and functions through the use of IIoT technologies.

Questions on Optimization of Izomorphic-Holonomic Information-Measuring Systems

Questions on optimization of isomorphic-holonomic information –measuring systems, characterized by in-ternal holomorphic relation are considered. It is shown that isomorphic-holonomic property of information measuring and mechatronic systems make it possible to carry out optimization of them transforming of this task to Lagrange task where the target functional (Lagrange functional) is sum of initial target functional and integral of function of holonomic relation function with limitation imposed on it multiplied by Lagrange multi-plier. It is proved that if searched for function of holonomic relation with imposed limitation condition pro-vides for minimum (maximum) of target functional and if inegrant of initial target functional can be linearized so the function is always exists and is featured as inversed to link function upon which maximum (minimum) can be achieved.

АСПЕКТИ МЕТРОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ВИМІРЮВАЛЬНИХ СИСТЕМ В ПРОЕКТАХ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ ТРАНСПОРТУ

The article deals with the main methodological aspects of the metrological provision of information and measurement systems in transport infrastructure projects. The object of study is the means of information-measuring systems of electric power objects of transport of Ukraine. The purpose of the work is to study the metrological provision of information and measurement systems at electric power facilities, in particular transport, which allow to solve many problems related to registration of operating modes of power systems, determination of electrical and time parameters, finding damage on power lines, diagnostics of electrical equipment and others. The research method is a systematic analysis of the metrological assurance of reliable, economical and high-quality operation of electric power objects due to the introduction of synchronized measurements on large electric power objects at large electric power objects. The regulatory framework for metrological support is the State Standards and other documents of the State System for Ensuring Unity of Measurements, the relevant normative documents of the State Standard of Ukraine, methodical instructions and recommendations. The technical basis is the system of state standards and standard measuring instruments, which ensures their reproduction with the highest accuracy; a system of working standards and exemplary measuring instruments by means of which the sizes of units of physical quantities are transferred to the working measuring instruments. As well as a system of standard samples of the composition and properties of substances and materials, which ensures the reproduction of units, composition and properties of substances and materials. The purpose of metrological support is to improve quality, increase production efficiency, use of material values and energy resources, as well as scientific research. The most effective way to improve the reliability, economy and safety of power equipment is to use methods and techniques for technical diagnostics. Due to the use of monitoring systems for monitoring and diagnostics of the electrical parameters of the electric power objects of the railways, both the renewal time of the power supply (associated with the restoration of train traffic) and the corresponding economic losses caused by emergency shutdown are minimized, as well as the costs associated with the operational repair works to eliminate the effects of damage. The characteristics of digital registrars and monitoring systems offered by the leading manufacturers in the electricity market are regulated by international standards. The made comparisons of the accuracy of measurements of different devices for recording the parameters of the modes show similar indicators and confirm the possibility of using the system of monitoring the mode parameters in the problems of estimating the state of power systems. The results of the study can be used in technological processes in transport infrastructure projects when using digital devices as a measurement tool for parameter control and monitoring of electric networks both in Ukraine and abroad. KEYWORDS: METROLOGY, ANALYSIS, STANDARD, INFORMATION, INFORMATION AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEM, PROJECT, MANAGEMENT, TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS.

Features of the use of the statistical method of frequency stabilization of generators in distributed information-measuring systems

The article deals with the problems of frequency stabilization of generators in distributed information-measuring systems on the basis of the static frequency stabilization method. The examples of similar systems are given. The necessity to ensure high stability of signal frequency generated by subscribers to improve the efficiency of the stated systems is noted. Two main features of applying the static frequency stabilization method are stated. The first one is determined with a delay in signal input into the device for estimating the frequency-time signal parameters in relation to the signal phase measurement interval. The second feature involves the entry delay of the formed control signal of generator frequency correction. It is shown that the mentioned features lead to divergence of the current variation of generator frequency and the value under correction, obtained considering the delay. The description of information signals enabling to specify a mathematical model of the process of assessment forming of the information signal frequency variation, taking into account the mentioned factors, is offered. It is shown that the possibility of using a statistical method to stabilize the frequency of generators in distributed informationmeasuring systems is determined not only with the values of nominal frequencies and relative instabilities of generators included into the information-measuring system, but also by the autocorrelation function of a random process describing the change of information signal frequency. In case of small time delays between the evaluation of information signal frequency and frequency stabilization, the use of the method to be considered allows to reduce the relative instability of information signal frequency. When time delays are greater than the correlation interval, the use of the statistical method does not lead to the change of relative instability of information signal frequency. Within the correlation interval, the use of the statistical method of frequency stabilization can cause depending on the autocorrelation function values both decrease and increase of the relative information signal frequency instability.

МЕТОД ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО СИНТЕЗУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ВИМІРЮВАЛЬНИХ СИСТЕМ

У статті акцентовано увагу на існуючу проблему оптимального синтезу (побудови) інформаційно-вимірювальних систем (ІВС). Показано шляхи вирішення цієї проблеми за рахунок використання кривих обміну за Гуткіним Л.С. За допомогою яких можливо пояснити, які ІВС оптимальніші за своїми параметрами, як погоджувати показники якості вимірювань параметрів, як здолати потребу у великій апріорній невизначеності, не зменшуючи точності вимірювань, як пояснити суперечність деяких відомих теорій, як погоджувати апріорний діапазон з фізичним діапазоном, як використати отримані апріорні дані, як впливає на точність вимірювань змінний рівень сигналу, як впливає точність налаштування на точність вимірювань, як можна скоротити час пошуку сигналу, як впливає на автоматичне супроводження характер процесу, що стежить, тощо. Запропонований метод оптимального синтезу ІВС справедливий для ІВС будь-якого типу за сигналами, що використовуються, та різних параметрів, що вимірюються.

ВИВЧЕННЯ ВАРІАНТІВ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ БОРТОВИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ВИМІРЮВАЛЬНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ ТА РЕЄСТРУЮЧИХ СИСТЕМ ПІД ЧАС ВИПРОБУВАННЯ ОЗБРОЄННЯ ТА ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ТЕХНІКИ РІЗНОГО ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ

У статті проведено вивчення варіантів використання бортових інформаційно-вимірювальних комплексів та реєструючих систем під час випробування озброєння та військової техніки різного функціонального призначення.

INVESTIGATION OF THE GRAPHOANALYTICAL METHOD OF DETERMINING THE STANDARD W-PARAMETERS OF THE FOUR-POLE

The level of social and economic development of modern society is determined by the volume, speed and quality of information processing by methods and technical means. Measurement and information processing systems are becoming an integral part of production automation. The development of radio electronics is inextricably linked with the development of measurements, and the state of modern radio electronics is largely determined by the level of development of measurement methods and the availability of sufficiently advanced measuring equipment to measure the parameters of radio-electronic devices, in particular transistors, allows: first, exploitation; second, to provide the source material for calculating the devices; third, to judge their internal properties and technological features in an average way; fourth, to design new, high-quality devices. The intensification and automation of the processes of production, complication and expansion of the front of scientific experiments entails the need to develop fundamentally new methods and means of measuring transistor parameters based on new algorithms and computers. Increasing the level of semiconductor devices, improving their performance, will inevitably affect potential stability over a wide frequency range. Classical methods and standard measuring equipment are not designed to measure the parameters of potentially unstable transistors. The measurement systems are uncontrollably excited, which increases the measurement error. Therefore, the current task is to measure the parameters of both transistors in particular and quadruplets in general, in the frequency range of potential instability. The clock speed at which modern computer technology operates is very close to the microwave range (ultra high frequencies), which makes the problem of measuring and calculating various functional units of computers and operating elements quite relevant. The development of new methods and means for measuring the parameters of potentially unstable quadruplets in the microwave range is an important scientific area, which can significantly improve the accuracy of their measurement on standard equipment. Improving the performance of the microwave range devices can be achieved both through the use of a fundamentally new element base and through the use of new circuit designs. Promising in this regard is the direction of using the reactive properties of transistors, as well as transistor structures with a negative resistance for the construction of information-measuring systems and operating and computing devices of the microwave range. The graphical methods for determining the parameters of an equivalent four-pole according to the measurement results are, as a rule, much more convenient than analytical ones. Having a mathematical equation and its graphical interpretation, it is relatively easy to determine the required quantities by solving graphical techniques. There are several ways of graphically depicting the relationships that characterize the impedance (conductivity). The following two are the most convenient: 1) pie chart of total resistance in rectangular coordinates [1]; 2) circular diagram of the total resistance in polar coordinates, proposed for the first time by Soviet scientist AR Volpert [2].

Information measurement systems in the digital society

The transition to the next technological order requires robotics and automation in the industry. Managing such process of production is impossible without scenario modeling, forecasting and diagnostic of possible emergencies based on measurement information received from various sensors. The models used must be adequate to the real state of the object, and not to its project, on the basis of which it was designed and manufactured. Such models are called twin models of physical objects. The objective of the research is to obtain the approaches to the creation of information-measuring systems capable of processing large volumes of measurement information for implementing dynamically changing twin models of physical objects, and to carry out continuous training and adaptation to changing conditions. The proposed method allows continuous extraction of knowledge from the measurement information, accumulation knowledge about the object during its life. It was shown that hybrid models with physical and mathematical substantiation and capability of learning based on measurement data are the possible solution.

Numerical Differentiation in the Measurement Model

The problems of increasing the accuracy of numerical differentiation in the measurement model are investigated. We consider the measurements of target characteristics of an object that are not directly measurable, and also the reduction of measurements using the example of determining derivatives and initial parameters in the Cauchy problem. We clarify the relationship between the initial parameters of the differential dependencies and particular solutions of the differential equation of the Cauchy problem at the measurement points of the input quantities of the measurement model. Using the example of determining the derivatives in the Cauchy problem, we note the efficiency of the Lagrangian approximation of the functions of the input and output quantities of the measurement model. It is shown that the maximum accuracy of the approximation of the studied characteristics of the object is attainable using the theory of inverse problems. The following scientific results were obtained: assuming the form of the differential equation for the Cauchy problem, particular solutions of the equation are found; using a polynomial approximation, we compute the function of the measurement model input parameters measured by the sensors; we derive formulas for computing the derivatives of the function of input quantities; by the method of measurement reduction, an approximation grid is determined that minimizes the influence of sensor error. We propose a criterion for estimating the efficiency of solving the measurement reduction problem. Formulas are obtained for estimating the level of error in the derivatives of the function of the input quantities, taking into account the given sensor error. It was shown that the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical ones. The applications for the research results include information-measuring systems for monitoring the status of complex technical objects.