Real-time System Information Research Articles

Neutrosophic Image Segmentation: An Approach for the Treatment of Uncertainty in Multimodal Information Systems

Information explosion in this era has led to the proliferation of digital data in form of images, text, video, and audio. Uncertainty is a major issue in information access and retrieval models, and incomplete information needs to be treated in information systems because imprecision indicates the existence of a value that cannot be measured. There is no denial of the fact that uncertainty puts a hindrance in obtaining information in real-time systems, and as per knowledge rarely does any study of information retrieval using image segmentation treat imprecise and inconsistent information inherited in information systems. This work proposes to transform images in the neutrosophic domain for the treatment of uncertainty that persists in information recovery. Later, the image is segmented using the neutrosophic segmentation algorithm and its results are compared with the Modified Fuzzy c-Means segmentation algorithm, which is the earlier used segmentation algorithm in information systems. The experiment is conducted on a variety of multimodal images from the Berkeley Segmentation Dataset and Benchmark, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method for information systems. The proposed image segmentation using neutrosophy seems to yield a smaller error of 0.011, but the error obtained using the fuzzy c-means (MFCM) method is 0.13, which is larger than the proposed approach. The work also demonstrates how well neutrosophic segmentation can segment images having different noise levels as well as clean images. The results show that the proposed algorithm yields the most accurate segmented image for feature extraction which can be utilized while designing effective information systems.

Decomposition-based real-time control of multi-stage transfer lines with residence time constraints

It is commonly observed in the food industry, battery production, automotive paint shop, and semiconductor manufacturing that an intermediate product’s residence time in the buffer within a production line is controlled by a time window to guarantee product quality. There is typically a minimum time limit reflected by a part’s travel time or process requirement. Meanwhile, these intermediate parts are prevented from staying in the buffer for too long by an upper time limit, exceeding which a part will be scrapped or need additional treatment. To increase production throughput and reduce scrap, one needs to control machines’ working mode according to real-time system information in the stochastic production environment, which is a difficult problem to solve, due to the system’s complexity. In this article, we propose a novel decomposition-based control approach by decomposing a production system into small-scale subsystems based on domain knowledge and their structural relationship. An iterative aggregation procedure is then used to generate a production control policy with convergence guarantee. Numerical studies suggest that the decomposition-based control approach outperforms general-purpose reinforcement learning method by delivering significant system performance improvement and substantial reduction on computation overhead.

Strategic behavior in queues with the effect of the number of customers behind

In this paper, we investigate the strategic behavior in queues by considering the effect of the number of customers behind. The equilibrium joining strategy of customers is obtained and its implications for the service system are examined. We find that the complete queue transparency (i.e., disclosing the real-time system information) can have positive effect on customers, which might encourage more customers to join. Further, the follow-the-crowd (FTC) behavior can be observed, which results in multiple equilibria. By comparing the customer welfare under two different information levels, we demonstrate that, somewhat surprisingly, the queue transparency does not necessarily hurt the customer welfare, and a higher customer welfare can be obtained in the transparent case than that in opaque case when the demand volume is large.

Adaptive Protection Coordination Scheme Using Numerical Directional Overcurrent Relays

Dynamically changing distribution system operating conditions compromises the coordination of the existing protection schemes. This paper proposes an online adaptive protection coordination scheme by utilizing numerical directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) and commercial A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) based Interior Point OPTimization (IPOPT) solver. The proposed scheme also utilizes intelligent electronic devices and a communication channel to obtain real-time system information and to update relays settings. The presented approach is able to handle different operating conditions of the system, including loss of loads, generations, and lines. Further, the miscoordination arising due to injections of distributed generations (DGs) is also handled. The proposed approach has been tested on the IEEE 14-bus system (with and without DG), under various operating conditions. Overall system reliability enhancement using the proposed approach has been analyzed in terms of the amount of energy not supplied. Further, the optimum settings of DOCRs obtained using AMPL based IPOPT solver has been compared with those obtained by General Algebraic Modeling System based Sparse Nonlinear OPTimizer solver, OPTI Toolbox based IPOPT solver, MATLAB based interior point method, and metaheuristic genetic algorithm and differential evolution. It has been found that the proposed coordination approach gives good results in reasonably small time and thus, is suitable for the adaptive protection scheme.

Performance evaluation of SD – cards by "system-on-chip" technology

Subject matter. We propose the hardware and software block for performing write or read operation and testing the performance of different SD-cards using the technology of "system-on-chip" in integrated environment by Altera. This task is relevant for the design of high-performance parallel systems on a chip, where the lower limit for writing speed (and/or reading) is critical and significant. Method. The proposed approach is based on three items. First, schemes are used with programmable logic to create a compact hardware and software unit as part of video system on chip. Secondly, reprogrammable structures are applied that support serial and parallel modes of exchange. Thirdly, the increment of data bus width is possible, via the serial transfer and the parallel connection of multiple units simultaneously. Main Results. The analysis of test results of different memory cards has shown that the speed of writing and reading for all cards differs from the declared one by manufacturer, and the error rate of writing (and reading) of data is 30...50% (for reading ~30%). A maximum download speed of memory cards is possible by increasing the number of cascade-connected blocks. The results show that the simplest implementation of this hardware-software unit requires resources of the order of 2000-2500 elementary logic cells. Each cell implements the logical operation "AND-OR with memory", while the resource ЕР3С25F256C8 of the popular chip family Cyclone III consists of 5976 (26%) of these cells with the chip price equal to $5-10 apiece. Practical Relevance. The authors believe that the proposed hardware-software unit can be regarded as the cheapest specialized component in the ECB domestic microelectronics industry to create video information in real time systems.

Justification of the AEP Real Time Load Flow Project

There is current interest by many utilities to enhance security of operation through monitoring real time system information. American Electric Power is at this time in the final stages of testing what appears to be the world's first power system state estimation project to obtain a complete real time load flow solution of its EHV system.