Narrative Format Research Articles

A Critical Examination of Academic Hospital Practices-Paving the Way for Standardized Structured Reports in Neuroimaging.

Background/Objectives: Imaging studies are often an integral part of patient evaluation and serve as the primary means of communication between radiologists and referring physicians. This study aimed to evaluate brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) reports and to determine whether these reports follow a standardized or narrative format. Methods: A series of 466 anonymized MRI reports from an academic hospital were downloaded from the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) in portable document format (pdf) for the period between August 2017 and March 2018. Two hundred brain MRI reports, written by four radiologists, were compared to a structured report template from the Radiology Society of North America (RSNA) and were included, whereas MR-modified techniques, such as MRI orbits and MR venography reports, were excluded (n = 266). All statistical analyses were conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software (version 16.4.1, MedCalc Software). Results: None of the included studies used the RSNA template for structured reports (SRs). The highest number of brain-reported pathologies was for vascular disease (24%), while the lowest was for infections (3.5%) and motor dysfunction (5.5%). Radiologists specified the Technique (n = 170, 85%), Clinical Information (n = 187, 93.5%), and Impression (n = 197, 98.5%) in almost all reports. However, information in the Findings section was often missing. As hypothesized, radiologists with less experience showed a greater commitment to reporting additional elements than those with more experience. Conclusions: The SR template for medical imaging has been accessible online for over a decade. However, many hospitals and radiologists still use the free-text style for reporting. Our study was conducted in an academic hospital with a fellowship program, and we found that structured reporting had not yet been implemented. As the health system transitions towards teleservices and teleradiology, more efforts need to be put into advocating standardized reporting in medical imaging.

Using Generative AI to Translate Administrative Claims Data into Narrative Summaries for Palliative Care Needs Assessment: A Case Study.

Community-based palliative care is a useful, but underutilized service to support seriously ill older adults to remain safely at home and improve quality of life. Clinical decision support tools can assist palliative care need assessments if presented in a way that is useful to clinicians. This case study explores the potential for generative artificial intelligence (AI) to translate diagnostic and billing codes from administrative data into a narrative format to facilitate clinical decision-making regarding palliative care need. Informatics structures for protecting patient confidentiality are described. Generative AI has the potential to support clinical decision-making but requires additional testing, validation, and refinement.

Social Media Use of National Libraries: A Content Analysis Specific to Instagram

Europe’s top five most developed countries and five developing countries were determined based on the Human Development Index. The national libraries of these countries and the Instagram accounts of the National Library of the Presidency of Türkiye were examined, and content analysis was performed. Within the scope of content analysis, general views, post types, interaction data, purpose of sharing, narrative format of the content, personal values in the content, visual content, and message association themes were discussed. This study aims to reveal how national libraries use Instagram posts to interact with their target audiences. Within the scope of the study, Instagram posts shared by national libraries were analyzed through content analysis using the ReCall program. The findings showed that national libraries focus more on rational content and emphasize posts that highlight rootedness and nationalism rather than the goal of communicating with the masses or mobilizing users. It was also found that the posts of national libraries differed according to their Human Development Index values. In countries with a high Human Development Index, information and arts-related messages were more prominent, while in other countries, promotional and event-related content was more dominant.

Heroes and villains: opposing narrative roles engage neural synchronization in the inferior frontal gyrus.

Neuroscientific studies have highlighted the role of the default mode network (DMN) in processing narrative information. Here, we examined whether the neural synchronization of the DMN tracked the appearances of protagonists and antagonists when viewing highly engaging, socially rich audiovisual narratives. Using inter-subject correlation analysis on two independent, publicly available movie-watching fMRI datasets, we computed whole-brain neural synchronization during the appearance of the protagonists and antagonists. Results showed that the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) had higher ISC values during the appearance of the protagonists than the antagonists. Importantly, these findings were generalized in both datasets. We discuss the results in the context of information integration and emotional empathy, which are relevant to functions of the IFG. Our study presents generalizable evidence that the IFG show distinctive synchronization patterns due to differences in narrative roles.

Se souvenir des soins intensifs : un protocole d’étude mixte prospective sur les perspectives et l’acceptabilité du journal de bord

<p>Introduction: Intensive care units (ICUs) cater for the most critically ill patients. On discharge, these patients may be left with several incapacitating sequelae. This combination of physical, cognitive, and psychological symptoms is known as Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS). Relatives may also suffer from a form of PICS (Post Intensive Care Syndrome – Family [PICS-F]). A diary could help reduce the mental health symptoms of PICS or PICS-F. This document, containing narrative information about the patient’s stay in the ICU, aims to fill in the gaps in the patient’s memory and to contextualize disturbing memories, which are thought to be at the root of psychological suffering. This preventive intervention remains underused or studied in Quebec (Canada).</p><p>Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the acceptability of the ICU diary in 2 Quebec ICUs by patients discharged from the designated ICU, relatives, nurses, and members of the multidisciplinary team. A second objective will be to explore the recommendations of those stakeholders surrounding the modalities of the intervention.</p><p>Methods: This mixed-methods study will take place on 2 ICUs in a tertiary hospital located in Quebec City. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with 4 groups of 6 to 8 participants representing the stakeholders of the intervention. An acceptability questionnaire will be administered to participants.</p><p>Discussion and Research Spin-offs: This study will guide the application of this intervention and advocates active participant involvement in the development of the tool.</p>

Impact of COVID-19 Vaccine Persuasion Strategies on Social Endorsement and Public Response on Chinese Social Media

ABSTRACT Persuading the public to get vaccinated against infectious diseases is critical and carries profound implications for preparing for future pandemics. This study examined whether and how persuasion strategies employed in pro-vaccine messages affect social endorsement and audience stance toward the COVID-19 vaccine expressed in comments on Chinese social media. Through manual coding and pre-trained BERT model, we analyzed 1,500 Weibo posts focused on COVID-19 vaccination persuasion and 238,201 associated comments. Results showed that medical experts succeeded in eliciting heightened social endorsement and receiving more pro-vaccine comments. Posts that employed negative emotional appeal were less likely to be liked or receive pro-vaccine comments. Besides, vaccine persuasion messages presented in a narrative format or emphasizing vaccine efficacy garnered significantly more likes but did not significantly receive more pro-vaccine comments. Discussing domestic issues or employing joy appeal received more pro-vaccine comments. These results offer valuable insights for health practitioners and communicators, highlighting more effective persuasion strategies for engaging citizens in vaccine-related discussions on social media. This study underscores the importance of leveraging persuasion tactics on social media to foster vaccination uptake and better prepare us for handling future pandemics.

Effectiveness of preventive parental education delivered from pregnancy to 1 month postpartum for improving infant sleep and parental sleep and depression: a systematic review protocol.

This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive parental education on infant sleep problems, delivered from pregnancy to 1 month postpartum, on infant sleep, postpartum parental sleep, and depression. Infant sleep problems are likely to persist into childhood if not treated and are associated with difficulties in later development. Parents of children with sleep problems had lower sleep quality and emotional regulation than those without sleep problems. Chronic sleep deprivation and fragmentation increases the risk of maternal depression. Therefore, preventive parental education regarding infant sleep problems can improve the long-term well-being of both children and their parents. Experimental and quasi-experimental study designs, including preventive parental education about infant sleep problems delivered from pregnancy to 1 month postpartum, will be considered. The outcomes will be infants' sleep, postpartum parental sleep, and parental depression. MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (Ovid), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi (Japan Medical Abstracts Society) will be searched without restrictions on language or date of publication. Eligible studies will be critically appraised, and data will be extracted by 2 independent reviewers using the JBI methodology. The studies will be pooled for statistical meta-analysis. Where statistical pooling is not possible, the findings will be presented in narrative format. We will use the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the certainty in the quality of evidence. PROSPERO CRD42023430562.

Can narrative help people engage with and understand information without being persuasive? An empirical study.

Stories have been shown to be engaging and aid the comprehension and retention of information. However, the persuasive power of storytelling is well-recognized. Is this an inherent property? Can a narrative be constructed that helps people engage with information but does not persuade them? We presented participants (n = 1309) with information about a fictional new drug and asked them whether they would license it on the basis of this. All saw the same information, in either a bullet-pointed list or as a 'process narrative'-a journalist's 'journey of discovery', designed to avoid persuasive language. Participants rated the narrative format a little more engaging than the non-narrative (p = 0.033, d = 0.12) and remembered the information in it slightly better (p = 0.040, d = 0.11). They did not rate the narrative version as more persuasive, but those reading it were on average more opposed to licensing the drug than those reading the non-narrative (p < 0.001, d = 0.18). Based on participants' responses to other questions, we speculate this may be owing to the increased salience of risks of the drug, arising from subtle differences in wording. Thus, while narratives may have useful properties, they must be carefully constructed to avoid unintentional effects.

Incorporation of natural and synthetic polymers into honey hydrogel for wound healing: A review.

The difficulty in treating chronic wounds due to the prolonged inflammation stage has affected a staggering 6.5 million people, accompanied by 25 billion USD annually in the United States alone. A 1.9% rise in chronic wound prevalence among Medicare beneficiaries was reported from 2014 to 2019. Besides, the global wound care market values were anticipated to increase from USD 20.18 billion in 2022 to USD 30.52 billion in 2030, suggesting an expected rise in chronic wounds financial burdens. The lack of feasibility in using traditional dry wound dressings sparks hydrogel development as an alternative approach to tackling chronic wounds. Since ancient times, honey has been used to treat wounds, including burns, and ongoing studies have also demonstrated its wound-healing capabilities on cellular and animal models. However, the fluidity and low mechanical strength in honey hydrogel necessitate the incorporation of other polymers. Therefore, this review aims to unravel the characteristics and feasibility of natural (chitosan and gelatin) and synthetic (polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol) polymers to be incorporated in the honey hydrogel. Relevant articles were identified from databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct) using keywords related to honey, hydrogel, and polymers. Relevant data from selected studies were synthesized narratively and reported following a structured narrative format. The importance of honey's roles and mechanisms of action in wound dressings were discussed. Notable studies concerning honey hydrogels with diverse polymers were also included in this article to provide a better perspective on fabricating customized hydrogel wound dressings for various types of wounds in the future. Honey's incapability to stand alone in hydrogel requires the incorporation of natural and synthetic polymers into the hydrogel. With this review, it is hoped that the fabrication and commercialization of the desired honey composite hydrogel for wound treatment could be brought forth.

Do Program Directors of Anesthesiology Residency Programs Interpret Narrative Letters of Recommendation as Intended?

Background Letters of recommendation (LORs) are an important part of the application process for medical residency programs with most specialties preferring a narrative format. Given the inherent subjectivity of narrative LORs, the current study sought to determine whether the intended messages of narrative LORs written for applicants to anesthesiology residency programs are accurately interpreted by readers. Methodology Anonymous online surveys were sent via the Qualtrics platform to program directors (PDs) of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited anesthesiology residency programs in the Mid-Atlantic region as designated by the Electronic Residency Application Service, which consists of the states of New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Each PD participant received five surveys, each of which was attached to a de-identified LOR that was written by another PD located at an institution in the same region. Both the letter writer and study participants were asked to score LORs on a Likert-like scale. Participants were additionally asked whether the LORs, if received, would influence their decision to either offer an interview to the applicant or to rank the applicant. Finally, participants were asked to note any specific words or phrases within the LORs that they found to be particularly impactful. Results Overall, 10 of 34, 29.41%, PDs responded to the survey. There was a high correlation between the LOR intent and the respondents' assigned rating (Spearman's rho = 0.7973, p < 0.001). Responses were more accurate for "outstanding and excellent" LORs compared to the lower three categories. Results were unaffected after adjusting for respondents' years of experience as PDs. Additionally, 71.6% indicated that the LORs would influence the decision about offering an interview, and 56.5% stated that the LORs would influence a ranking decision. Conclusions Our results indicate that respondents' perception of LORs correlated strongly with the intent of the writer. Additionally, respondents seemed to value LORs for interview and ranking decisions.

Considering planetary health in health guidelines and health technology assessments: a scoping review protocol

BackgroundThis protocol outlines a scoping review with the objective of identifying and exploring planetary health considerations within existing health guidelines and health technology assessments (HTA). The insights gained from this review will serve as a basis for shaping future Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) guidance on planetary health.MethodsWe will adhere to the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. We will conduct a comprehensive search and screening of results in all languages across various databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Global Health, Health Systems Evidence, Greenfile, and Environmental Issues. Additionally, we will supplement this search with resources such as the GIN library, BIGG database, Epistemonikos, GRADE guidelines repository, GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool Database, MAGICapp, NICE website, WHO websites, and a manual exploration of unpublished relevant documents using Google incognito mode. Two independent reviewers will screen and assess the full texts of identified documents according to the eligibility criteria. The following information from each full text will be extracted: document title; first author’s name; publication year; language; document type; document as a guideline or HTA; the topic/discipline; document purpose/study objective; developing/sponsoring organization; the country in which the study/guideline/HTA report was conducted; definition of planetary health or related concept provided; types of planetary health experts engaged; study methods; suggested methods to assess planetary health; use of secondary data on planetary health outcomes; description for use of life cycle assessment; description for assessing the quality of life cycle; population/intended audience; interventions; category; applicable planetary health boundaries; consideration of social justice/global equity; phase of intervention in life cycle related to planetary health addressed; the measure of planetary health impact; impact on biodiversity/land use; one health/animal welfare mention; funding; and conflict of interest. Data analysis will involve a combination of descriptive statistics and directed content analysis, with results presented in a narrative format and displayed in tables and graphs.DiscussionThe final review results will be submitted to open-access peer-reviewed journals for publication when they become available. The research findings will also be disseminated at relevant planetary health conferences and workshops.Systematic review registrationOpen Science Framework (https://osf.io/3jmsa).

Bridging gaps in COVID-19 vaccine knowledge: Effects of multimodal narratives on message elaboration and recall across science literacy levels

ObjectiveThe study examines the effects of message modalities (visual vs. textual) and rhetorical approaches (narrative vs. expository information) on the elaboration and recall of COVID-19 vaccine information among individuals with diverse levels of science literacy. MethodsWe recruited 328 U.S. adults who were not fully vaccinated against COVID-19 and measured their message elaboration and information recall following exposure to a comic strip, an infographic, a written story, and a short article pertaining to the safety of COVID-19 vaccines. ResultsResults indicated no significant difference in levels of message elaboration and information recall among the four treatment groups. However, exposure to narratives mitigated the gap in message elaboration, whereas exposure to visual information reduced the disparity in information recall among individuals with varying levels of science literacy. ConclusionNarratives can serve as a powerful tool for engaging individuals with lower levels of science literacy, as well as reducing the dependence on scientific knowledge for information processing among those with higher literacy levels. Furthermore, the inclusion of visuals in vaccine messages can augment their effectiveness in fostering shared knowledge among audiences with varying levels of science literacy.

Management of pediatric patients admitted for colonic disimpaction: A scoping review protocol.

Chronic constipation is a common condition in pediatric patients worldwide and is associated with decreased quality of life. Inpatient management of constipation is required when outpatient therapy fails and a child becomes obstipated, and unable to pass stool or gas. There is a growing body of evidence regarding different management strategies for pediatric obstipation. This scoping review aims to map the existing literature regarding inpatient management of pediatric obstipation and identify gaps in knowledge. We will follow the methodology described by the Joanna Briggs Institute and outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviewsguidelines. The search strategy will include Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Scopus, and gray literature sources. Two independent reviewers will complete screening for eligible studies in two steps: a scan of the title and abstracts followed by a full-text review. Studies regarding inpatient management of pediatric obstipation, with experimental or cohort design, and with full text available in English will be included. Systematic reviews will also be included. Two independent reviewers will extract data using a standardized form. Extracted data will be presented in visual and narrative formats, including an evidence map to meet the objectives of this scoping review. This protocol is registered at Open Science Framework. In this scoping review, we will outline the current evidence available regarding the efficacy and safety of various hospital interventions for the treatment of pediatric obstipation.

Using theater as an innovative knowledge translation approach for health research: a scoping review protocol.

The objective of this review is to synthesize the existing literature on how theater has been used as a knowledge translation approach for health research and to identify the outcome measures employed for evaluation as well as the facilitators/challenges related to this approach. The use of arts-based knowledge translation methods is relatively new in health research but has already shown to have positive impacts on knowledge, attitudes, policy, and practice. Specifically, theater has proven to be an effective approach for communicating research findings in a way that stimulates thought and discussion on important health-related topics. This review will include scholarly literature on how theater is being used as a knowledge translation approach for health research. The review will not impose any limitations related to demographic variables, health issues, or settings. The review will consider papers using any study design, and will also consider other literature, such as protocols, descriptive papers, unpublished papers, and evaluation reports. This review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The databases to be searched will include CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase, MEDLINE (Ovid), Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost), and Scopus. Google/Google Scholar and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses will also be searched for unpublished studies and gray literature. All literature identified in the search will be screened by 2 independent reviewers and the results will be presented in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. The data extracted from the included literature will be presented in both tabular and narrative format. Open Science Framework https://osf.io/gbcpj.

Prevalence of postnatal anxiety disorders in mothers of preterm infants: a systematic review protocol.

The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate and synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence of postnatal anxiety disorders in mothers of preterm infants within 12 months of delivery. Mothers of preterm infants report more postpartum psychological problems than other mothers. Anxiety disorders are among the most frequently reported manifestations, and affect the quality of maternal care and the baby's development. However, data on the prevalence of postnatal anxiety disorders in mothers of preterm infants are inconsistent and imprecise. It is, therefore, necessary to estimate the prevalence of anxiety disorders among mothers of premature infants in order to develop appropriate interventions for screening, support, and treatment. This review will consider studies conducted in any setting and any geographical location that report on the prevalence of any anxiety disorders in mothers of preterm infants within 12 months of delivery. Any analytical or descriptive observational studies and experimental or quasi-experimental studies will be included. MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Google Scholar, MedNar, and the World Health Organization website will be searched for studies written in English or French. Screening, critical appraisal, and data extraction will be performed by 2 independent reviewers using the relevant JBI systematic review tools. The findings will be presented in narrative format, including tables and figures to aid in data presentation. PROSPERO CRD42023428202.

The Use of Metabolomes in Risk Stratification of Heart Failure Patients: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Heart failure (HF) is a significant health problem that is often associated with major morbidity and mortality. Metabolic abnormalities occur in HF and may be used to identify individuals at risk of developing the condition. Furthermore, these metabolic changes may play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of HF. Despite this knowledge, the utility of metabolic changes in diagnosis, management, prognosis, and therapy for patients with chronic HF has not been systematically reviewed. This scoping review aims to systematically appraise the literature on metabolic changes in patients with HF, describe the role of these changes in pathogenesis, progression, and care, and identify knowledge gaps to inform future research. This review will be conducted using a strategy based on previous reports, the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A comprehensive search of electronic databases (Medline, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Web of Science) will be conducted using keywords related to HF, myocardial failure, metabolomes, metabonomics, and analytical chemistry techniques. The search will include original peer-reviewed research papers (clinical studies conducted on humans and systematic reviews with or without a meta-analysis) published between January 2010 and September 2023. Studies that include patients with HF younger than 18 years or those not published in English will be excluded. Two authors (UGA and MB) will screen the titles and abstracts independently and perform a full-text screen of the relevant and eligible papers. Relevant data will be extracted and synthesized, and a third author or group will be consulted to resolve discrepancies. This scoping review will span from January 2010 to September 2023, and the results will be published in a peer-reviewed, open-access journal as a scoping review in 2024. The presentation of the findings will use the PRISMA-ScR flow diagram and descriptive and narrative formats, including tables and graphical displays, to provide a comprehensive overview of the extracted data. This review aims to collect and analyze the available evidence on metabolic changes in patients with HF, aiming to enhance our current understanding of this topic. Additionally, this review will identify the most commonly used and suitable sample, analytical method, and specific metabolomes to facilitate standardization, reproducibility of results, and application in the diagnosis, treatment, and risk stratification of patients with HF. Finally, it is hoped that this review's outcomes will inspire further research into the metabolomes of patients with HF in low- and middle-income countries. Open Science Framework; https://osf.io/sp6xj. DERR1-10.2196/53905.

People's experiences of their involvement in nursing care: a systematic review protocol.

People's involvement and participation are the essential basis of nursing care. This phenomenon can be characterised as an approach based on the integration of the person's values, beliefs, and preferences during nursing care. This process contributes to improve the quality of care, satisfaction levels, and a better experience for people. To promote the person's participation in nursing care, it is necessary to better understand their experiences about this topic. To synthesise the available evidence on people's experiences of their involvement and participation in nursing care in a hospital setting. A systematic review that will be conducted according to the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. The study selection, critical appraisal, and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers. This review will consider studies with a qualitative approach, published and unpublished, in Portuguese, English and Spanish with no temporal limit, that include adults, aged 18 years or older, who have experienced an admission in a hospital; that explore people's experiences of their involvement and participation in nursing care in hospital wards settings. Findings will be presented using meta-aggregation approach and narrative format, and the final synthesised findings will be graded according to the ConQual approach. It is expected that this qualitative synthesis will inform people, health professionals and policymakers, allowing them to develop recommendations to promote the person's participation in nursing care.

Classifying Individuals With Rheumatic Conditions as Financially Insecure Using Electronic Health Record Data and Natural Language Processing: Algorithm Derivation and Validation.

We aimed to examine the feasibility of applying natural language processing (NLP) to unstructured electronic health record (EHR) documents to detect the presence of financial insecurity among patients with rheumatologic disease enrolled in an integrated care management program (iCMP). We incorporated supervised, rule-based NLP and statistical methods to identify financial insecurity among patients with rheumatic conditions enrolled in an iCMP (n = 20,395) in a multihospital EHR system. We constructed a lexicon for financial insecurity using data from available knowledge sources and then reviewed EHR notes from 538 randomly selected individuals (training cohort n = 366, validation cohort n = 172). We manually categorized records as having "definite," "possible," or "no" mention of financial insecurity. All available notes were processed using Narrative Information Linear Extraction, a rule-based version of NLP. Models were trained using the NLP features for financial insecurity using logistic, least absolute shrinkage operator (LASSO), and random forest performance characteristic and were compared with the reference standard. A total of 245,142 notes were processed from 538 individual patient records. Financial insecurity was present among 100 (27%) individuals in the training cohort and 63 (37%) in the validation cohort. The LASSO and random forest models performed identically and slightly better than logistic regression, with positive predictive values of 0.90, sensitivities of 0.29, and specificities of 0.98. The development of a context-driven lexicon used with rule-based NLP to extract data that identify financial insecurity is feasible for use and improved the capture for presence of financial insecurity with high accuracy. In the absence of a standard lexicon and construct definition for financial insecurity status, additional studies are needed to optimize the sensitivity of algorithms to categorize financial insecurity with construct validity.

Enhancing Chatbot Intelligence Through Narrative Memory Structures

Through the use of narrative memory structures—a cutting-edge technique intended to provide chatbots context awareness and conversational coherence—we sought to improve the intelligence of chatbots. We carefully designed our process with the goal of immediately incorporating narrative data into the chatbot's memory architecture. In order to find narrative patterns, this required evaluating and classifying previous exchanges. The narrative patterns were then saved and used to guide the chatbot's answers. The incorporation of narrative memory structures into the chatbot resulted in a significant improvement in conversational coherence and relevance, as per our study's key findings. Through the use of its narrative memory, which stores earlier encounters, the chatbot shown an impressive capacity to sustain the conversation's flow and provide more contextually relevant replies. In addition, the chatbot demonstrated improved understanding of human intentions, correctly identifying underlying motives and preferences. In addition, comments produced by integrating narrative memory structures were highly customized in addition to being accurate. By utilizing the extensive history of previous exchanges, the chatbot was able to customize replies to each user's unique situation, building a closer relationship and rapport with them. All things considered; our study highlights how narrative memory processes can revolutionize chatbot intelligence. We can improve chatbots' conversational capabilities and enable more meaningful human-computer interactions by giving them the capacity to extract narrative information from previous conversations. This opens the door to a new era of chatbot designs that put the needs of users, contextuality, and empathy first, changing the game for conversational AI in the process.

The selection of narrative information in John 6:1–14 and 22–71: On focalisation

The article is part of a series of investigations into the Johannine text, specifically focussing on the performative nature of focalisation. Previous contributions by the researcher posited and illustrated that the construction of a narrative involves a deliberate intention by the author to prompt the reader to take action based on their reading. The present article continues to explore the pragmatic power of the narrative of John 6:1–14 and 22–71, utilising focalisation as an analytical tool. The analysis underscores what the narrative strives to teach, revealing Jesus as the bread of life, crucial for satisfying the hunger of the soul, that is salvation leading to eternal life. The careful selection of narrative materials in this passage aligns with the overarching purpose of the Fourth Gospel, as outlined in 20:30–31, and is deemed to have a performative function towards the reader.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary: The article’s unique contribution lies in demonstrating that traditional exegetical methods, for example, grammatical-historical approach and others, can be supplemented by literary critical methods such as focalisation to expound or extract meaning from biblical narratives. In this article, the field of (traditional) hermeneutics is supplemented by a literary critical approach to get the better of what the text can offer to the reader.