Korea Information Research Articles

대학생의 디지털 리터러시 변화에 대한 종단연구: 잠재성장모형을 적용하여

The purpose of this study was to examine the change patten of college students’ digital literacy by using the data of ‘Korean Media Panel Data for the 12th(2021), 13the(2021), 14th(2023) year conducted by Korea Information Society Development Institute(KISDI). Four sub-competencies of information utilization, information acquisition, media utilization, and personal information recognition were selected as digital literacy competencies. The latent growth model was utilized to analyze longitudinal change with influence of independent variables. The major findings of this research were as followings. First, college student’s digital literacy showed linearly increased. Second, it was confirmed that the major(engineering sciences), SNS(social network service) and OTT(over-the-top media service) consumption behavior had a positive effect on the initial level and change in digital literacy, while gender had no significant differences in digital literacy. Third, the predictors(major, SNS and OTT consumption) had significant effects on information utilization, information acquisition. Based on the results of study, we suggest that it is necessary to care of non-science and Engineering Students. Also, it is necessary to provide opportunities and programs for individual student to use digital platforms and online contents.

Fear of COVID-19 on Social Media: The Mediating Roles of Online Social Support and Disclosure of Information in South Korea

To minimize the spread and fear of COVID-19, the South Korean government disclosed detailed location-based information about confirmed cases. Information regarding the confirmed cases was then maliciously distributed on social networking services (SNS). Few studies have investigated how the fear of COVID-19 and the disclosure of information in confirmed cases affect intention on online behavior, despite SNS being a space where people can express themselves with high social support. An online survey was conducted in South Korea. People who feared contracting COVID-19 had a negative perception of not only self-disclosure but also information disclosure by others. However, the perceived online social support could overcome the fear of infectious diseases and encourage active engagement to disclose information. The disclosure of information about confirmed cases impacted social support and self-disclosure intentions. This study contributes to the literature on information disclosure for public health purposes in the online environment during the fear of the epidemic. The world government and future social media platform companies should develop a specific process of information disclosure to manage the fear of public behavior.

대형언어모델(LLM)의 역사지리 지식과 AI 역사지도 제작 가능성의 모색

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of historical geographic knowledge of Large Language Model (LLM) and to explore whether it is possible to create AI historical maps using LLM historical geographic knowledge. First, I analyzed the answers to historical geographic queries by point, line, and area geometry type for OpenAPI's ChatGPT, Google's Gemini, and Naver's ClovaX, which are major LLM-based GPT services, and estimated the causes of errors. Second, to explore the possibility of AI historical mapping, I created a map of Eupchi(邑治, administrative center) in Gyeonggi-do during the Joseon Dynasty. Then, I compared the current location information of the Eupchi provided by LLM with the results of the Eupchi restored by historical GIS for each county. The results showed that LLM is capable of answering a limited number of queries related to historical geographic information in Korea. However, various errors were found, the main reasons for which are, first, that the characteristics of geographic data are difficult to describe in text alone, and second, that the current LLM technology has limitations in handling historical geographic information consisting of multiple time layers, and third, there is a lack of publicly available historical geographic information. To improve these issues, I propose the construction of historical GIS (HGIS) layers on an ongoing basis and the knowledge expansion of LLM models through semantic data of historical geography.

Safety and effectiveness of intra-articular injection of a highly cross-linked hyaluronic acid, LBSA0103 (Synovian): Results from a post-marketing surveillance study in South Korea.

This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the highly cross-linked hyaluronic acid-LBSA0103-in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) as per the prescribing information (PI) in South Korea. A total of 3,140 subjects aged ≥19 years were enrolled in this post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study from 2013 to 2019. The subjects received one or two injections of LBSA0103. The median duration of follow-up was 308 days. Adverse events (AEs), adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and serious AEs (SAEs) were monitored. Effectiveness was evaluated based on an index of effectiveness in accordance with the guidelines established by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) for weight-bearing pain. Overall, 250 subjects (7.96%) experienced 292 AEs and of these, unexpected AEs occurred in 114 subjects (3.63% [95% CI: 3.00-4.35]). Injection site pain was the most frequent AE reported by 81 subjects (2.58% [95% confidence intervals (CI): 2.05-3.20]). One hundred subjects experienced 108 ADRs (3.18% [95% CI: 2.60, 3.86]) and 15 unexpected ADRs were experienced by 13 subjects (0.41% [95% CI: 0.22-0.71]). Seventeen subjects experienced 22 SAEs (0.54% [95% CI: 0.32-0.87]) during the entire PMS period, and all were considered "unlikely" related to the study drug. Most AEs were mild in terms of severity and resolved during the study period. LBSA0103 was also effective in relieving symptomatic pain in knee OA patients. The condition in more than 80% of the subjects was considered to be improved when assessed by the investigators. LBSA0103 resulted in a significant reduction in the mean VAS score at 12 weeks after the first and second injections (24.79 (± 20.55) mm and 17.63 (±12.31) mm, respectively; p<0.0001). In conclusion, LBSA0103, used for the treatment of knee OA in a real-world setting, was well tolerated, with an acceptable safety profile and consistent therapeutic effect.

Strategic management and organizational culture of medical device companies in relation to corporate performance

Aims Strategies focus on securing the competitiveness of medical device corporations by strengthening their organizational capabilities, which, in turn, ensure their continuous development. This study aims to investigate both management strategies and organizational culture, which may affect the performance of these companies, and analyzes the influence of education and training investment. Materials and methods We used data from the 3rd to 6th Human Capital Corporate Panel surveys by the Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training as well as data from the Korea Information Service and 6,112 workers and 260 companies were analyzed. For the analysis, management strategy and organizational culture were set as independent variables, and corporation performance was set as the dependent variable. Additionally, investment in education and training was set as a control variable between the independent and dependent variables. Corporate performance was analyzed by dividing into organizational satisfaction and organizational commitment. Results Differentiation strategy and innovative culture had a positive (+) effect on organizational satisfaction, while cost leadership strategy and hierarchical culture had a negative (−) effect. On the other hand, in the case of interaction with education and training investment, cost leadership strategy and hierarchical culture had a positive (+) effect, while differentiation strategy and innovation culture had a negative (−) effect. In organizational commitment, innovation culture had a positive (+) effect, and hierarchical culture had a negative (−) effect. In the case of interaction with investment in education and training, only the hierarchical culture had a positive (+) effect. Conclusions The innovation culture positively influenced the performance of medical device companies. Furthermore, cost leadership strategy, hierarchical culture, education and training investment improved the corporate performance of these companies. To enhance corporate performance, these companies should create an innovation culture and invest in education and training in accordance with the organizational culture.

Comparison of pharmacogenomic information for drug approvals provided by the national regulatory agencies in Korea, Europe, Japan, and the United States

Pharmacogenomics, which is defined as the study of changes in the properties of DNA and RNA associated with drug response, enables the prediction of the efficacy and adverse effects of drugs based on patients’ specific genetic mutations. For the safe and effective use of drugs, it is important that pharmacogenomic information is easily accessible to clinical experts and patients. Therefore, we examined the pharmacogenomic information provided on drug labels in Korea, Europe, Japan, and the United States (US). The selection of drugs that include pharmacogenomic information was based on the drug list that includes genetic information from the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) websites. Drug labels were retrieved from the sites of MFDS, FDA, European Medicines Agency, and Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. Drugs were classified as per the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code, and the biomarkers, labeling sections, and necessity of genetic tests were determined. In total, 348 drugs were selected from 380 drugs with available pharmacogenomic information in Korea and the US after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these drugs, 137, 324, 169, and 126 were with pharmacogenomics information in Korea, the US, Europe, and Japan, respectively. The most commonly represented drug class was antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents. Regarding the classification as per the mentioned biomarkers, the cytochrome P450 enzyme was the most frequently mentioned information, and the targeted anticancer drugs most commonly required genetic biomarker testing. The reasons for differences in drug labeling information based on country include differences in mutant alleles according to ethnicity, frequencies at which drug lists are updated, and pharmacogenomics-related guidelines. Clinical experts must continuously strive to identify and report mutations that can explain drug efficacy or side effects for safe drug use.

Plan for Imported Food Safety Management Using Imported Food Non-compliance and Global Food Hazard Information in Korea

Plan for Imported Food Safety Management Using Imported Food Non-compliance and Global Food Hazard Information in Korea

한국 ICT산업의 대 아세안 질적 무역 경쟁력 연구: 일본과의 비교를 중심으로

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze changes in the trade competitiveness of the information and communication technology (ICT) industries in Korea and Japan in the ASEAN market through export competitiveness and intra-industry trade analysis.&#x0D; Research design, data, and methodology: The Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage Index(RSCA) analysis method is used to measure changes in export competitiveness. In addition, intra-industry trade(IIT) is analyzed by dividing it into vertical intra-industry trade(VIIT) and horizontal intra-industry trade(HIIT), and vertical intra-industry trade(VIIT) is analyzed by dividing it into High Quality Vertical Intra-Industry Trade and Low Quality Vertical Intra-Industry.&#x0D; Results: As a result of RSCA analysis, it was found that the Korean ICT industry was comparatively inferior in the ASEAN market between 2010 and 2019, and its competitiveness weakened. By item, the competitiveness of communication apparatus was the lowest, followed by information apparatus, broadcasting apparatus, and parts.&#x0D; Meanwhile, unlike Korea, Japan’s ICT industry was found to be competitive in comparative advantage. Among them, broadcasting apparatus were found to be the most competitive, followed by parts, information apparatus, and communication apparatus. According to the IIT analysis, Korea and Japan in the ASEAN market between 2010 and 2019. Both countries were found to be actively engaged in intra-industry trade with ASEAN. In the case of Korea, VIIT was found to be more active than HIIT in trade with ASEAN. Among them, VIITL was found to be the most active. In the case of Japan, VIIT was found to be more active than HIIT, and among them, VIITH was found to be the most active. In other words, overall, it was found that the qualitative competitiveness of Korea and Japan in the ASEAN market improved.&#x0D; Implications: This study has academic and political implications in that it analyzed the changes in ICT trade competitiveness between Korea and Japan in the ASEAN market. However, there is a limit to the research in that the change in trade competitiveness in terms of imports was not considered.

Latent Profile Analysis of Digital Communication Ability and Mediation on Digital Use Among Families with Elementary School Children

Objectives: This study sought to identify families’ digital communication abilities through latent profile analysis (LPA) and examine how such profiles would be associated with parents’ mediation of the internet and smart devices.Methods: The analysis included 284 families with elementary school children (284 fathers, 284 mothers, and 284 children) from the Media Panel Survey by the Korea Information Society Development Institute (KISDI) in 2020.Results: A total of three latent classes of digital communication ability among family members were identified(Class 1 = consistently low digital communication abilities within the family; Class 2 = consistently high digital communication abilities within the family; Class 3 = incongruent digital communication abilities within the family). Parents’ mediation of their children’s use of smart devices was associated with being in a class with consistently low digital communication ability, rather than with consistently high digital communication ability and incongruent digital communication abilities. Parents’ mediation of how long they allowed their children to use smart devices was associated with being in a class with consistently high digital communication ability within the family, rather than with consistently low digital communication ability.Conclusion: Findings suggest that families tend to exhibit different patterns of digital communication abilities and that such patterns are significantly linked to different forms of digital mediation. Findings shed light on ways to improve the family environment for digital use and how parents may best support the development of digital communication skills in school-aged children.

Automatic Fault Plane Solution for the Provision of Rapid Earthquake Information in South Korea

The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) provides detailed hypocenter information after the earthquake early warning (EEW) service, due to increased public interest and for the study of fault movements. However, the rapid production of hypocenter information has limitations, including the necessity for the calculation of focal mechanisms, which requires expertise in seismology. Therefore, we developed automatic focal mechanisms (AFMs) based on the time domain moment tensor inversion method. A key feature of AFMs is the automatic collection and reforming of waveform data using information for EEW. Furthermore, we propose an additional module of the iterative inversion by reducing the low variance reduction data. This shows the increased variance reduction value rather than that of the first inversion. The variance reductions for the first inversion results were between 59 and 94%, whilst the results of the second inversion using the additional module were increased to 79–97%. The accuracy of the automatic results was similar to that of the manually determined results and was well adapted to the local earthquakes in and around the Korean Peninsula. The KMA provided the focal mechanisms of local earthquakes that could then be automatically determined using the EEW information within approximately 6–8 min and subsequently reported.

A New Trend of Tourism in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Big Data Analysis of Online Tours in Korea

In this study, big data analysis on Korea’s “online tour”, which emerged as an alternative to satisfy tourism needs after COVID-19, was conducted. After extracting keywords through text mining for 24,073 posts from the top three most frequently visited social media platforms, Naver, Daum, and Google, to gather tour information in Korea, frequency analysis and TF-IDF analysis were run. In addition, network analyses, such as centrality and convergence of iteration correlation (CONCOR) analyses, were performed. The results showed: First, the sense of presence via local live streaming is crucial. It is vital to prepare a suitable video environment where tourists can immerse themselves in the tour. Second, the interaction between travel agencies, local guides, and tourists is important because it can expand tourists’ travel experiences. Third, the importance of online tour program content was revealed. It is necessary to increase the demand by designing various programs tailored to the audience. Fourth, new possibilities for local travel that had been neglected were uncovered. Fifth, the importance of online tourism production support was highlighted. The role of the government must be expanded to reinforce the digital capabilities of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and to create jobs. Although the scope of this study is limited to Korea, it can definitely be used as a regional strategy.

성인 사이버폭력 가해에 관한 연구

As people's cyberspace activity increases due to COVID-19, crimes occurring in cyberspace are occurring as a very big problem. According to the 『2020 Cyber ​​Violence Facts Survey』 of the Korea Information Society Intelligence Service, cyber bullying is more serious than adolescents. Therefore, this study is a study on the perpetrators of cyberbullying by adults, which has not been actively studied so far. This study analyzed the effects of contact with cyberbullying perpetrators and harmful media, which many studies have explained as the causes of cyberbullying among adolescents, on cyberbullying. Furthermore, in order to present an academic basis for preventing adult cyberbullying, we finally identified whether adult cyberbullying awareness can control adult cyberbullying. As a result of the study, it was found that contact with the perpetrator of cyberbullying and contact with harmful media had a positive (+) effect on cyberbullying by adults as well as adolescents. appeared to be visible. Therefore, measures to prevent cyberbullying of adults by raising the level of awareness of cyberbullying and cyberbullying prevention through the use of AI and big data were presented in the conclusion.

국내 데이터센터 폐열잠재량 산정에 관한 연구

The waste heat potential of data centers is attracting attention as a new heat energy source. In this study, waste heat potentials of domestic data centers were calculated and monthly potentials were predicted. The amount of potential was calculated from annual average total power consumption, PUE values of 10 data centers through surveys, and 66 domestic data center from ITSA (Korea Information Technology Service Industry Association). The waste heat potential was derived by considering the COP of the heat pump, excluding the amount of electricity from the compressor for recovery energy. Based on 10 data centers from surveys, the average potential ranged from 54,414,495 kWh to 65,075,294 kWh with respect to COP of chiller. The highest waste heat potential was 200,463,808 kWh. When the value of waste heat generated was examined by region, Gyeonggi Province had the highest value of 3,161,288,865 kWh among 66 domestic data centers. The waste heat potential from the data center was also predicted using TRNSYS modelling. The prediction error ranged from 9.04 to 32.85% for S data center located in Daejeon.

인적자본과 기업의 기술성과

Purpose This study investigates the relationship between general human capital and technological performance. We also look into the boundary condition when this relationship is stronger. Design/Methodology/Approach This study collected 1,149 observations as a linked-survey-secondary-dataset from the Korea Research for Vocational Education and Training and the Korea Information Service (KIS) in South Korea. To investigate the relationship among general human capital, technological performance, and financial resource as complementary, we use an ordered logit and ordered probit model. Findings First, we find that general human capital has positive effect on technological performance. Second, the relationship between general human capital and technological performance is more salient when it is combined with a firm’s financial resource as a complementary resource. Research Implications We propose that general human capital can increase technological performance. Therefore, human capital is considered an important strategy in that firms with higher-quality human capital can achieve greater technological performance. Furthermore, we show that firm financial resources are a crucial boundary condition. The financial resources in a firm are complementary resources and have a positive effect on the relationship between human capital and technological performance since firms can accumulate knowledge with know-how embedded in human capital by facilitating the firm’s experiments that create firm innovation.

An analysis of the effect of temporary/permanent contracts on firm efficiency performance: evidence from South Korea

PurposeBecause no international accounting policy exists to mandate human capital (HC) information must be reported on financial reports, the association between workforce HC and firm performance/efficiency is not well-established. South Korea is a rare example with high HC reporting quality, as well as relatively high national productivity. On the other hand, in some developed countries (such as the UK), HC reporting quality and productivity is low. Moreover, there is an increasing propensity to offer employees non-standard contracts. Thus, because of a divergence in HC reporting quality internationally, the South Korean sample can provide valuable insights to countries with weak HC reporting quality about the association between contract quality and firm performance/efficiency.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of Korean listed firms (2010–2015), pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis is conducted to show whether firms that offer employees higher levels of permanent, relative to temporary contacts, demonstrate higher firm performance/efficiency.FindingsFirms that provide employees with increasing permanent (temporary) contracts experience higher (lower) performance/efficiency.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited due to sample selection. However, the sample represents the population of all firms that report contract type information in South Korea, a market with highly robust HC information reporting.Originality/valueBecause of data unavailability, a positive association firm-level performance/efficiency and permanent employment can only be made in a handful of countries. The study has policy implications and extends the non-financial reporting literature by addressing HC reporting limitations that exist in the mainstream accounting framework. Based on relative operational efficiency/performance, the study offers practical insights to management about the importance of staff retainment. Moreover, the authors also offer an anthropocentric perspective by inferring how low HC reporting quality can have a negative impact on society in Industry 4.0.

6G R&amp;D vision: Requirements and candidate technologies

The Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences (KICS), which is the largest information and communication technology institute in Korea, has been active in working towards development and standardization of mobile communication technology. In response to the need to meet upcoming 6G technical challenges in innovative applications such as hologram telepresence, extended reality (XR), digital twin, and connected robotics, the KICS 6G research initiative (KICS 6GRI) group has been created to establish a vision for key 6G technologies and identify research trends and directions. This article, therefore, covers major performance indicators and requirements envisioned by the KICS. In addition, we provide a comprehensive discussion of various candidate 6G technologies including (sub-)terahertz (THz), intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques, and non-terrestrial network (NTN).

Use of North Korea-Related YouTube Videos in South Korea: A Case Study of VideoMug

South Koreans have been producing social media content that sharply divided between conservative and progressive perspectives. This study analyzes a YouTube video clip during a South-North summit and then expands its scope to include the entire set of North Korea-related videos. The video was accused on the presidential petition website of violating South Korea's National Security Law. Despite sparking a debate on the suitability of the video's content among YouTube viewers, the petition did not attract much attention from the general public. Using this clip as a basis, we examine how YouTubers show interest in, reactions to, and engagement with North Korea-related media content using several network metrics and visualizations. Our analysis includes extensive background on South Korea's information policy toward North Korea. Based on our findings, we recommend that the South Korean government use cognitive and communication-oriented profiling-based input when formulating their information policy toward North Korea.

The Effect of ICT Utilization Competency on the Psychological Well-being of the Elderly in the Post-Corona Era: Focusing on the Self-Esteem of the Elderly

The study assesses how levels of competency in using smart devices and actual use of social media services were associated with elderly people’s self-esteem. Given that the Covid-19 pandemic remains an ongoing phenomenon, social interactions using smart devices appears to be more relevant to the psychological well-being of the elderly than ever before. The study utilized the Korean Media Panel Survey collected by Korea Information Society Development Institute (KISDI) in 2018 and 2020. The study found that elderly people who were able to use smart devices tended to use more internet media services and reported higher levels of self-esteem than those who did not. In particular, respondents who experienced increasing competency in their use of smart devices reported high levels of self-esteem. In addition, older adults living alone were less likely to access social media and more vulnerable in terms of psychological well-being. The study suggests that social services that improve competency in the use of smart devices and encourage social media use can enhance psychological well-being among the elderly, who may have difficulties in maintaining social interactions.

Beyond the privacy paradox: The moderating effect of online privacy concerns on online service use behavior

In the digital information era, dealing with privacy issues is problematic in related research since online activities have become an inevitable trend. Following the privacy paradox, which occurs when online services are increasingly accepted or used despite raising the level of privacy concerns of individuals, there is no need to alleviate individual privacy concerns regarding online services. Accordingly, this study aims to empirically analyze the effect of online privacy concerns, when interacting with individual innovativeness, on individual online service use behavior. For the empirical analysis, a Heckman two-step analysis is performed using South Korean data from the 2019 Korea Media Panel Survey conducted by the Korea Information Society Development Institute. The results provide evidence in contradiction of the privacy paradox. Specifically, the main findings of this study are as follows. First, use of online services and privacy concerns are not a contradictory phenomenon both in principle and behavior but can act as a negative influence or constraint. Second, individuals with high levels of innovativeness actively use online services owing to differences in their acceptance and use of innovation. Third, as online activities become more common, privacy concerns are likely to affect the level of online service use by interacting with other personality traits. As a result, privacy concerns are more likely to act as an influencing variable that moderates the degree or intensity of an individual's use of an online service rather than an independent variable for the use of an online service. The impact of privacy concerns of individuals on the use of online services identified in this study suggests there is a need for an adequate governing mechanism for privacy protection to realize service provision through e-government.

Flush+Reload Attacks on SEED

Abstract Flush+Reload is a powerful access-driven cache attack in which the attacker leverages a security weakness in the X86 processor architecture to extract the private data of the victim. This attack can be mounted in a cross-core setting, where the memory deduplication is enabled and several users are sharing the same physical machine. In this paper, for the first time, we demonstrate that SEED implementation of OpenSSL 1.1.0 running inside the victim VM is vulnerable against the Flush+Reload attacks and the attacker can recover the keys of this encryption. SEED is a standard encryption algorithm that was developed by the Korea Information Security Agency (KISA) and has been used for confidential services in the Republic of Korea. Our work demonstrates that the attacker can retrieve the secret keys of SEED in 3 min in the native setup and 4 min in the cross-VM setup by performing the Flush+Reload technique. Our experimental results show that common implementation of this standard cipher is vulnerable to Flush+Reload attack in both native and cross-VM settings. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first cache-based attack on a SEED block cipher.