Information For Teachers Research Articles

Fun with Frustration? TikTok Influencers’ Emotional Expression Predicts User Engagement with COVID-19 Vaccination Messages

ABSTRACT This study examined what kinds of TikTok video and message features are associated with user engagement in the context of COVID-19 vaccination. Content analysis was applied to study a sample of 223 COVID-19 vaccination-related videos from creators with at least 10,000 followers. The content analysis involved coding themes, video formats, the valence of attitude toward vaccination, and emotional expressions from the influencers. A majority of videos showcased personal vaccination experiences, followed by fictitious dramas and instructional information. More fictitious dramas expressed unclear attitudes, neither explicitly supporting nor opposing the COVID-19 vaccine, compared to personal vaccination stories and instructional videos. Some imaginative and dramatic scenes, such as zombie transformation or dramatic spasms after taking the vaccines, were widely imitated across influencers, perhaps humorously, and raised concerns about diminishing positive images of vaccine uptake. Videos with simultaneous expression of humor and frustration significantly predicted engagement when the video content opposed or was uncertain about taking the vaccine, implying the effectiveness of mixed emotional attributes within a message. This study provides insight into how social context and message choices by creators interact to influence audience engagement.

The effect of clarity on learning: impacting motivation through cognitive load

ABSTRACT This study tested the notion that the impact of clarity (i.e., structure) on learning is indirect and occurs, in part, through the reduction of cognitive load and subsequently through students’ motivation to process instructional information. Two hundred fifty-two students were randomly assigned to one of two text-based lessons (clear or unclear) on the topic of social cognitive theory. After being exposed to the material, participants were asked to answer a series of questions regarding the extent to which they found the lesson clear. They also answered questions about their perceived cognitive load, expectations for success on a subsequent examination, perceptions of value, perceived costs, degree of motivation to learn the material, and familiarity with the learning content. After responding to these measures, participants took a test of the material covered in the lesson. Results indicated that, compared to the unclear lesson, students exposed to the clear lesson earned higher examination scores because they experienced reduced cognitive load while learning. Additionally, results revealed an indirect association between clarity and student learning through a decrease in cognitive load and subsequently through an increase in students’ self-efficacy and motivation, and also through students’ emotional interest and motivation.

A practical guideline for designing high-entropy carbides based on (Ti1/3Mo1/3W1/3)C with high valence electron concentration

Introductionof high entropy and high valence electron concentration (VEC) design criterion into TiC ceramic is a promising method for further improving its thermal stability and mechanical performance. Herein, structural, mechanical, electronic properties and stability of (M0.25Ti0.25Mo0.25W0.25)C (M=Cr, V, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf) high-entropy carbides (HECs) were systematically investigated by combining density functional theory (DFT) and experimental method. All of the six HECs are stable. Among them, (Ta0.25Ti0.25Mo0.25W0.25)C owns the highest melting temperature, ductility and the best fracture toughness. (Zr0.25Ti0.25Mo0.25W0.25)C possesses the highest friction strength and excellent hardness. (Hf0.25Ti0.25Mo0.25W0.25)C exhibits the highest hardness and compressive strength as well as good fracture toughness. In addition, (Cr0.25Ti0.25Mo0.25W0.25)C was successfully fabricated to further prove the synthesizing feasibility of all samples in this study, and formation mechanism of the monophasic carbide solid solutions was probed. This research provides instructive information for further developing TiC ceramics and designing high-entropy carbides with high VEC with excellent mechanical performance.

Literature Review on Pedagogical Skills, Technology, and Digitalization

The purpose of this study is to present an overview of the literature review related to pedagogical knowledge, technology, and digitalization. The method used in this research is qualitative research, where descriptive analysis of existing literature is carried out. The data sources used in this study are journal articles on pedagogical knowledge, technology, and digitalization, the results of which show that pedagogical knowledge plays an important role in the utilization of technology and digitalization in the classroom context. The literature review emphasized that a strong understanding of the principles of effective education and pedagogy is a necessary foundation for educators to integrate technology and digitalization into their classroom practices. With the help of pedagogical information, it enables educators to plan practical learning experiences using technological tools that are appropriate to students' needs and characteristics. In addition, literary research also shows that technology and digitalization can provide great benefits in an educational context. Appropriate use of technology can increase student engagement, encourage active and collaborative learning, and improve access to educational resources. Moreover, digitization can also change the way educators manage and assess learning. With the help of these articles, the relationship between pedagogical knowledge, technology, and digitalization in educational contexts can be further explored. The purpose of this study is to describe the literature on research on pedagogical knowledge, technology, and digitalization. The method used in this research is qualitative research, where a descriptive analysis of the literature review is conducted. Journal articles related to pedagogical knowledge, technology, and digitalization were used as data sources. The results of this study indicate that there are 24 articles that serve as literature research and can be used as references in the study of pedagogical skills, technology and digitalization

The Utilization of e-Health in Lymphedema Care: A Narrative Review.

Background: Electronic health (e-Health), refers to technologies that can be utilized to enhance patient care as well as collect and share health information. e-Health comprises several umbrella terms, including telehealth, mobile health, e-Health, wearables, and artificial intelligence. The types of e-Health technologies being utilized in lymphedema (LE) care are unknown. Method: In this narrative review, a search of published research on the utilization of e-Health technologies in LE-related care was conducted. Results: Five different types of e-Health modalities were found (robotics, artificial intelligence, electronic medical records, smart wearable devices, and instructive online information) spanning 14 use cases and 4 phases of care (preventative, diagnostic, assessment, and treatment phases). Broad e-Health utilization examples were found including robotic-assisted surgery to reduce the likelihood of LE after lymphadenectomy, machine learning to predict patients at risk of filarial-related LE, and a novel wearable device prototype designed to provide lymphatic drainage. Conclusions: e-Health has reported merit in the prevention, diagnoses, assessment, and treatment of LE with utilization demonstrating cutting edge applicability of e-Health for achieving optimal patient care and outcomes. As technology continues to advance, additional research into the utilization of e-Health in LE care is warranted.

Retracted: Design of Integrated Management System of IPE Instructional Resources Information Based on Artificial Intelligence Environment.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/4594090.].

Characterization of proteinous coagulant in Moringa tree seeds for water purification: Stepwise laboratory exercise for high-school students.

Coagulation is an important process in the context of water purification; and the seed protein of the moringa tree (Moringa oleifera) is a remarkably effective coagulant. The laboratory course described here is designed to provide high-school students with a stepwise, hands-on experience in investigating the protein-rich coagulant found in Moringa seeds. First, the seed powder was applied to model polluted water containing fine clay, food dyes, copper sulfate, and bacteria. This treatment changed the polluted water into clear water via coagulation; all students were convinced that the coagulation-inducing agent was a thermostable cationic protein. Finally, basic biochemical techniques (e.g., chromatographic separation and electrophoresis) were used to show that the target coagulant is a dimeric protein composed of 6.5 and 4.5 kDa subunits. Overall, this made it possible for the students to gain a deeper understanding (more comprehensive than the information taught in formal classes) of protein structure and its real-world implications. This stepwise exercise can be applied to research-based learning programs in high school, as it is an effective learning tool.

The reliability of a subtype-determining questionnaire in efficient benign paroxysmal positional vertigo diagnosis in geriatrics.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), the most common cause of dizziness, especially for older adults, exposes patients to the lethal risk of falling. However, the diagnosis of BPPV in this population can be more elusive as they present few characteristic symptoms. Therefore, we explored the application of a subtype-determining questionnaire in BPPV diagnosis among the geriatric population. Patients were assigned to the aware and unaware groups. In the aware group, the technician would directly test the suspected canal indicated by the questionnaire, whereas, in the unaware group, the technician performed the regular positional test. The diagnostic parameters of the questionnaire were examined. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of questions 1-3 for diagnosing BPPV were 75.8, 77.6, and 74.7%, respectively. Question 4 demonstrated an accuracy of 75.6% in ascertaining the BPPV subtype, question 5 showed an accuracy of 75.6% in determining the affected side, and question 6 yielded an accuracy of 87.5% in distinguishing canalithiasis or cupulolithiasis. Examination time was shorter in the aware group than that in the unaware group (P < 0.05). No difference was found between the two groups for treatment time (P = 0.153). This subtype-determining questionnaire is practical in daily use and capable of providing instructive information for an efficient diagnosis in geriatric patients with BPPV.

Six practical tips to prepare for the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX) USA level 1

Sophisticated high-stakes licensure and specialty certification maintenance examinations are educational requirements in osteopathic medicine. Passing the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX) USA Level 1 is one of the crucial milestones that osteopathic medical students (DO students) must achieve while starting clinical rotations and before applying to residency programs. While standardized examinations are often used for gatekeeping purposes, the broader goal of COMLEX USA Level 1 is to assess competent osteopathic physicians. This manuscript aims to assist DO students as well as osteopathic medical educators, learning specialists, medical advisors, and administrators in preparing a successful plan for the COMLEX USA Level 1. The tips within this manuscript align with the information taught in osteopathic medical school curricula, including osteopathic principles and practice (OPP), osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) and the content outline found within the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME) blueprint. The planning tip system is (1) Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) curriculum focus; (2) OPP/OMT content study; (3) Practice using clinical scenarios; (4) Review the NBOME blueprint; (5) Effective practice using question banks; and (6) Practice using full-length exams. Issues related to allocating DO students' time in preparation for the exam while providing useful resources to learn planning strategies and practice with board-style questions are discussed. Using the DO PREP tip system in this manuscript, DO students can develop more effective board preparation strategies to improve their success on COMLEX USA Level 1. This opinion-based article describes some but not all tips for osteopathic medical students to plan their COMLEX USA Level 1 board preparation.

Microwave-assisted chemical synthesis of SmCo5 magnetic particles with high coercivity

The hard-magnetic SmCo5-based materials with high coercivity have an enormous range of high-value-added technological applications. We reported the novel synthesis of SmCo5 particles with desired particle size by a microwave-assisted combustion process. The process consists of a combination of Sm-Co oxide precursor preparation by microwave-assisted combustion, and the following calcium hydride reduction-diffusion. The microwave-assisted combustion offers a time and energy-saving, and environmentally-friendly methodology to form the homogenous Sm-Co oxide precursor nanoparticles. This high-quality Sm-Co oxide precursor paves the way for achieving high coercivity in SmCo5 magnetic materials. A high coercivity up to 39.2 kOe was achieved in the aligned SmCo5 particles. These SmCo5 magnetic particles show promising prospects for high-performance permanent magnet applications and can be utilized for the development of exchange-coupled nanocomposite magnets with high energy density. This work also provides instructive information for designing and synthesizing rare-earth-based magnetic materials.

Influence of Spatial Perception Ability on Virtual Annotation Response in Teleoperation of Excavator

Virtual annotation (VA) for compromising visual limitations during teleoperation can provide critical instructional information, but it remains to be verified whether an operator can respond to VA timely and accurately while operating. Studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between spatial perception ability (SPA) and teleoperating performance. Many studies considered that those with greater SPA have a lower mental workload and more attention on other matters. Therefore, this study sought to examine whether an operator with greater SPA can respond better to VA. Quantitative results from the SPA test questionnaire and the teleoperated excavator experiment showed a significant inverse relationship between SPA and the response time. It is expected that the results could improve the effectiveness of selecting teleoperators and optimize prior management.

The effectiveness of using digital applications for diabetes mellitus with augmented reality models as learning media in pharmacy education

Background: Learning in the fields of pharmacology and specialists requires experience or imagination in the material being studied. It has its own difficulties, especially understanding the introduction of diabetes mellitus treatment. Augmented Reality (AR) technology is one alternative to traditional teaching methods to show strong potential in improving the quality of learning. Objective: To design applications and provide information for using Android-based mobile AR technology as an interactive learning module about diabetes mellitus drug information. Methods: The application of AR in this study uses a marker-based method and a monitor-based system. The research design is to evaluate the function test and informational knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus of quasi-experimental. There were 60 pharmacy students who filled out a questionnaire on the use and knowledge of the DMAR (Diabetes Mellitus Augmented Reality) tool. Result: The application system was tested and found to work effectively. The results of the assessment of the response of DMAR media users on the aspect of usefulness with an average score of 4.35 (87.0%); Media design 4.23 (84.7%); ease of learning 4.40 (88.0%) and satisfaction 4.45 (89.0%). AR technology is able to support student learning on the chosen topic of 76.2% and showing effective way to improve student learning with p-value &lt; 0.001. Conclusion: AR technology is an effective way to improve student learning about diabetes mellitus drug information. Instructional information can be presented in various attractive formats, and it is easier for pharmacy students to study independently anywhere and anytime (before, during, and after lectures) thereby improving performance and learning outcomes.

The Role of Information in Evolutionary Biology

The Modern Synthesis has received criticism for its purported gene-centrism. That criticism relies on a concept of the gene as a unit of instructional information. In this paper I discuss information concepts and endorse one, developed from Floridi, that sees information as a functional relationship between data and context. I use this concept to inspect developmental criticisms of the Modern Synthesis and argue that the instructional gene arose as an idealization practice when evolutionary biologists made comment on development. However, a closer inspection of key claims shows that at least some associated with the Modern Synthesis were in fact adopting the data led definition I favour and made clear arguments for the role of developmental processes beyond genetic input. There was no instructional gene.

171 Enrollment and participant satisfaction in online horse courses for adult learners

The University of Minnesota Equine Extension Program offers 7 online courses to help equip horse owners and professionals with practical knowledge, research updates, and resources to improve horse care and management on their farms. The courses include Basic Nutrition, Carcass Composting, Growing and Feeding Hay, Horse Biosecurity, Managing Overweight Horses, Manure Management, and Pasture Establishment and Management. Each course is offered annually in January and runs for 6 weeks. An online platform is used to facilitate a semi-self-paced format. Learners meet course objectives by viewing weekly asynchronous lectures, exploring additional resources, and completing weekly assignments (e.g., quizzes). Participating in assignments and scoring at least 70% on quizzes is needed to earn a certificate of course completion. Since 2016, 1,256 learners have taken the courses. The objective of this presentation is to evaluate enrollment and assess participant satisfaction in recent years. The data were analyzed using ANOVA models (α = 0.05) followed by Tukey HSD tests with enrollment and certificate completion as response variables and year and course as fixed effects. From 2021 to 2023, the courses had a total of 697 registrations generating an income of $52,050. Registrants were from 10 countries and 39 states, with many from Minnesota (39%). While enrollment numbers did not vary by year (P = 0.06), they didvary among courses (P < 0.001). On average, Basic Nutrition had the highest annual enrollment (81 enrolled) followed by Pasture Establishment and Management (49 enrolled). For 2021 and 2022, course (P = 0.09) and year (P = 0.06) did not affect the proportion of learners that earned a certificate (59 to 85%). Feedback evaluations that asked Likert questions were used to assess participant (n = 12) satisfaction of the newly added Carcass Composting course. All agreed or strongly agreed that they were satisfied with the course and the information taught was useful for their farm. Perceived learner knowledge increased 41% during the course. Most learners agreed or strongly agreed (58%) they planned to make at least one management change on their farm based on content knowledge. Overall, consistent enrollment numbers from 2021 to 2023 indicate that the courses continue to be valuable resources for horse owners and professionals. Learners were particularly interested in areas of nutrition and pasture management, which suggests efforts to implement similar programs regionally could be worthwhile. Positive feedback from newly added courses highlights the success of a variety of topics that can be taught online to improve outreach efforts.

Research on the Design of Virtual Reality Online Education Information Presentation Based on Multi-Sensory Cognition

The popularity of the online teaching model increased during the COVID-19, and virtual reality online education is now firmly established as a future trend in educational growth. Human–computer interaction and collaboration between virtual models and physical entities, as well as virtual multi-sensory cognition, have become the focus of research in the field of online education. In this paper, we analyze the mapping form of teaching information and cue information on users’ cognition through an experimental system and investigate the effects of the presentation form of online virtual teaching information, the length of the material, users’ memory of the information, and the presentation form of information cues on users’ cognitive performance. The experimental results show that different instructional information and cue presentation designs have significant effects on users’ learning performance, with relatively longer instructional content being more effective and users being more likely to mechanically remember the learning materials. By studying the impact of multi-sensory information presentation on users’ cognition, the output design of instructional information can be optimized, cognitive resources can be reasonably allocated, and learning effectiveness can be ensured, which is of great significance for virtual education research in digital twins.

Exploring teachers’ knowledge of students’ friend networks: what do they know and how do they use it for instruction

Purpose The study seeks to understand what teachers know about students’ friend networks and how they use that information for instruction. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study relied on interviews and sociograms that teachers drew of students’ friend networks. Findings Our data suggest that teachers’ awareness of their students’ friend networks varies by their experience and their exposure to students. Also, their use of this information for instruction coalesces around dimensions of grouping and social support. Research limitations/implications This study took place at one school. To more deeply understand what teachers perceive about their students’ friend networks and how they use that information for instruction, more studies could be done with teachers in more schools. Practical implications Implications might suggest developing teachers’ social competence to support their students’ learning and development. Originality/value While studies cited in this paper have explored teachers’ knowledge of students’ social networks, this study builds on this work by exploring how that information can be useful for instruction. In addition, this study explores the use of teachers drawing sociograms as representations of what they know about students’ friend networks.

Aberrant differentiation of second heart field mesoderm prefigures cellular defects in the outflow tract in response to loss of FGF8

Development of the outflow tract of the heart requires specification, proliferation and deployment of a progenitor cell population from the second heart field to generate the myocardium at the arterial pole of the heart. Disruption of these processes leads to lethal defects in rotation and septation of the outflow tract. We previously showed that Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 (FGF8) directs a signaling cascade in the second heart field that regulates critical aspects of OFT morphogenesis. Here we show that in addition to the survival and proliferation cues previously described, FGF8 provides instructive and patterning information to OFT myocardial cells and their progenitors that prevents their aberrant differentiation along a working myocardial program.

Effect of fermentation methods on properties of dough and whole wheat bread.

Whole wheat bread is high in nutritional value but poor in technological quality; therefore, research on how to improve its technological quality has attracted extensive attention. The effects of fermentation methods, including straight dough(STD), sourdough (SOD), sponge dough (SPD), and refrigerated SPD (RSD) methods, on the dough and bread quality of whole wheat bread were investigated, focusing on pasting properties, rheological properties, thermal properties, microstructure, basic quality, and starch digestibility. The rapid viscosity analysis and rheological results demonstrated that SOD had the highest pasting temperature and the lowest viscosity, indicating an inhibition of starch pasting and partial protein hydrolysis, whereas the opposite trend presented by SPD and RSD indicated a greater starch hydration and a stronger gluten network. Thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results indicated reduced starch thermal degradation and increased starch pasting enthalpy in SOD and RSD. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the starch granules of SOD and RSD were tightly wrapped by a gluten network. SOD and RSD breads had the largest specific volume, the softest texture, and the lowest glycemic index. The effects of different fermentation methods on dough and bread structure can provide instructive information for future studies on their applications in whole wheat bread production. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Colleges Of Education Lecturers’ Self-Efficacy On The Integration Of Ict For Instruction In Oyo State, Nigeria

This study examined the lecturers’ self-efficacy on the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for instruction. A descriptive research design of the survey type was adopted for this study, the population for this study were all colleges of education lecturers’ in Oyo State, three colleges of education were purposively selected, the target population were colleges of education lecturers’ in the selected colleges, a researcher designed questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents, data gathered was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics; frequency count and percentage was used to organized the demographic information and provide answers to the research question, hypotheses 1 was tested using t-test while hypotheses 2 and 3 were tested using ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance. The findings were: College of Education (COE) lecturers can integrate ICT for instruction; COE lecturers faced challenges while integrating ICT for instruction; there was a significant difference in male and female lecturers’ self-efficacy on the integration of ICT for instruction; level of experience had no significant impact on the integration of ICT for instruction and qualifications had significant impact on the integration of ICT for instruction among the sampled lecturers. The study concluded that majority of lecturers in colleges of education in Oyo State were not ready to integrate ICT into instruction. Nevertheless, lack of technology integration know-how still hinders the integration of ICT for instruction. This implied that lecturers integrating of ICT for instruction would improve their teaching and learning process. The study recommended that; COE lecturers should encourage on the further benefits of using ICT for instruction.

Democratic responsibility in the digital public sphere

Democratic responsibility in the digital public sphere