Disaster Information Management Research Articles

Multi-temporal Monitoring for Road Slope Collapse by Means of LUTAN-1 SAR Data and High Resolution Optical Data

Abstract. Collapse is one of the most destructive natural disaster, being sudden, frequent, and highly concealed, causing large-scale damage. On August 10, 2023, the slope of 108 national highway in Weinan, Shaanxi Province collapsed. The lower edge of the collapse slope body is the Luohe river, and the collapse body rushes into the river to form a barrier lake. Remote sensing technique can provide multiple dimensional information for disaster emergency and management. Lutan-1 SAR satellites are the first group L-band SAR constellation for multiple applications in China. Owing to the precise orbit control ability and high revisit characteristics for Lutan-1 SAR satellites, surface deformation monitoring with centimeter even millimeter accuracy may be achieved. Based on the multi-temporal pre-disaster and post-disaster Lutan-1 SAR data and high resolution optical data, the collapse information including the pre-disaster and post-disaster were extracted and analysed. From July 11 to 27, 2023, the pre-collapse deformation was obtained with the maximum value of 6 cm, and obvious deformation occurred before the collapse. Lutan-1 monitored results pre-collapse can provide certain information for disaster early identification. From July 27 to August 24, 2023, due to the serious incoherence caused by large deformation and ground changes, effective deformation information cannot be obtained based on the InSAR technique. In addition, the collapse information was clearly extracted by the high resolution optical data acquired pre-collapse and post collapse. After the collapse, significant deformation was extracted from August 24 to September 21 with the maximum value of 6 cm, indicating that obvious deformation still occurred over the collapse area. Through the analysis for the series results obtained by SAR and optical data, it is favourable for disaster emergency and management.

Role of Information, Education, Communication and Training in Disaster Management

Information, Education and Communication (IEC) are of vital significance for disaster preparedness, prevention and mitigation. It promotes an alert community which is sine -qua non for any successful activity. IEC are the essential constituents of any programme especially in a disaster related scenario. IEC requires the administrative machinery, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Community-based Organizations (CBOs), other agencies and the community to be prompt, active and well informed to carry out the activities confidently. Hence IEC should be given top priority in any disaster management programme. Creation of awareness is an integral part of the process of social development, communication has the power to liberate the minds and potential of people. Critical awareness is needed in every field linked to human development. The generation of an alert public will hinge on effective communication of information and ideas that relate to people’s needs, aspirations and capacities. In this sense, getting the: development process initiated is largely the task of information, education and communication. This research paper attempt to study the nature and significance of IEC and training, and the concept of community awareness. The important components and strategies of IEC and training shall also be focused.

IKDSumm: Incorporating key-phrases into BERT for extractive disaster tweet summarization

Online social media platforms, such as Twitter, are one of the most valuable sources of information during disaster events. Humanitarian organizations, government agencies, and volunteers rely on a concise compilation of such information for effective disaster management. Existing methods to make such compilations are mostly generic summarization approaches that do not exploit domain knowledge. In this paper, we propose a disaster-specific tweet summarization framework, IKDSumm, which initially identifies the crucial and important information from each tweet related to a disaster through key-phrases of that tweet. We identify these key-phrases by utilizing the domain knowledge (using existing ontology) of disasters without any human intervention. Further, we utilize these key-phrases to automatically generate a summary of the tweets. Therefore, given tweets related to a disaster, IKDSumm ensures fulfillment of the summarization key objectives, such as information coverage, relevance, and diversity in summary without any human intervention. We evaluate the performance of IKDSumm with 8 state-of-the-art techniques on 12 disaster datasets. The evaluation results show that IKDSumm outperforms existing techniques by approximately 2−79% in terms of ROUGE-N F1-score.

Analysis of the top global emergency and disaster databases

Relevance. Despite advancements in industrial production technologies, no decrease is observed in global statistics for disasters and emergencies, as well as their identified precursors. Reliable and comprehensive inventory of global and regional disaster databases reinforces the development of effective national emergency prevention policies, improving the resilience of industrial facilities against adverse and thus generating extensive evidence for research. The objective is to study top global disaster information management databases and their inventory.Methods. The Internet, state reports, research papers available in the Russian Science Citation Index, Scopus and Web of Science bibliography databases were the major sources of data regarding top global disaster and emergency databases.Results and discussion. EM-DAT: OFDA/CRED (Emergency Events Database), NatCatSERVICE, SIGMA, GLIDE (Global IDEntifier Number), CatNat Global (The natural disasters database (NATDIS)), DesInventar (Disaster Inventory System) are among the top global databases, having quantitative assessment for disaster risk indexes and consequences. Comparative studies of emergency data entries across databases was performed to allow countries and regions to develop common global assessment tools for emergency consequences.Conclusion. Consistent terminology and uniformity of data submission procedures across top global international databases allows Russian and international experts to develop the most effective tools to predict and prevent various emergencies and build common consequence assessment strategies for countries and regions of the world.

On the brink: Examining preemptive indicators of preparedness inequity and social vulnerability to climate change hazards in Connecticut, USA

The current study is part of an ongoing effort to combine environmental, infrastructural, and socioeconomic data tied to specific locations to identify sites of preparedness-inequity, and generate information for crisis communication practitioners, emergency services, and state level disaster management. A cross-sectional survey was administered to a sample of 519 residents in four counties in Connecticut identified as vulnerable to climate-related hazard events using projected climate risk data from the US Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool (CJEST) (Justice40.gov) and socially vulnerable per the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI). Geospatial analysis was used to map SoVI data and identify the Justice 40 risk factors of individual municipalities. These data were triangulated with participant data concerning risk awareness, information needs, preferred information sources, and trust in local emergency services. The results reveal racial and socioeconomic disparities in information sufficiency, self-identified preparedness, risk awareness, and trust and underline the need for emergency management to identify the sources of information sought by underprivileged residents and residents of color at the local level. While past studies have taken a variable-analytic approach to examining risk communication, this study aimed to inform our knowledge of the most underserved individuals when it comes to emergency messages and planning. The results have implications for developing effective and equitable messaging concerning environmental risks that consider vulnerability and audience behaviors within and across municipalities; and highlight the utility of combining social and geospatial data to develop new insights into best practices to improve crisis and risk communication in advance of disaster scenarios.

A Study on Establishing Procedures and Display Design for the Development of the Disaster Management System using Satellite Imagery

Recently, the escalating occurrence of disasters with abnormal characteristics poses challenges to disaster management. As a result, effective disaster management and response strategies have become crucial. In this study, the disaster management system using satellite imagery was developed and constructed as a dashboard. For this study, the National Disaster Management Information System (NDMS) of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MOIS) was analyzed. Crisis management activities were examined in accordance with the disaster phase of the crisis management standard manual. Relevant components from the integrated multisource data in NDMS were selected to enhance technology effectiveness. A disaster management officer's requirements were analyzed to improve user usability. Disaster response procedures using satellite imagery were derived by synthesizing this information. Based on these procedures, key elements and system procedures were established for system design and visualization, and the system display was presented. The technology was proactively developed for immediate implementation after establishing legal and institutional procedures. Utilizing satellite imagery in the disaster management system is expected to enhance prompt and efficient disaster management.

Estimation of regional and at-site quantiles of extreme winds under flood index procedure

Extreme winds are becoming more common among environmental events with the most catastrophic societal consequences. A regional frequency analysis of Daily Annual Maximum Wind Speed (DAMWS) is necessary not only for a comprehensive understanding of wind hazards but also for infrastructure design and safety, wind energy potential, disaster risk reduction, insurance and risk assessment in a particular region of study. This study investigated regional frequency analysis of DAMWS of Baluchistan and Sindh provinces of Pakistan. L-moments regionalization techniques along with flood index procedure were applied to DAMWS records of 21 stations from 1990 to 2019 across the study area. We intended to find the regional frequency distribution for maximum winds and predict the returns for extreme winds events in the future. Only one station namely Lasbella was found to be discordant. With the help of cluster analysis, the remaining 20 stations were further divided into two homogeneous. Heterogeneity measures validate that both regions are homogenous with allotted stations. Regional quantiles for both regions are estimated through best-fit probability distribution among Generalized Normal (GNO), Generalized Logistic (GLO), Pearson Type 3 (P3), Generalized Pareto (GPA), and Generalized Extreme Value (GEV). Robustness of GLO distribution compared to GEV distribution is assessed through Monte Carlo simulations of relative bias and relative root mean square error. Findings clearly show that GLO distribution is the best for regional modeling. Furthermore, with the help of index flood procedure we determined at-site quantiles of all stations for various return periods. These estimated quantiles are of valuable information for various sectors, including infrastructure, energy, disaster management, and climate resilience, leading to improved planning, development, and risk reduction in the face of wind-related hazards in Sindh and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan.

JCC sebagai Komunikasi Digital Terpadu Informasi Kebencanaan di Jawa Barat

In the context of disaster communication in the digital era, synergy and cooperation between stakeholders in forming a disaster management information management system is carried out using digital communication integrated with the "Jabar Command Center" (JCC). However, the form of digital communication in the JCC is diverse because it covers all information about West Java. Therefore, this study aims to examine digital communication related to disaster information using the concept of integrated approach digital communication. The research method is a case study with data collection techniques through interviews and focus group discussions. The results showed that the form of digital communication in responding to disaster information in West Java was carried out by creating "Data Ecosystem Jabar," interactive public services through the website and the "SAPAWARGA" application. The communication pattern that occurred in the case of the Cianjur Earthquake is the complaint communication pattern through the Cianjur Earthquake Data Coordination Information Center (PISO DAPUR).

Blockchain Disaster Management for Humanitarian Logistic as Post-Disaster Response Measures

Indonesia has a high risk of earthquake and tsunami disasters because there's many tectonic plates meet. This also causes Indonesia to have many geological changes compared to other countries. Therefore, an explicit scheme to provide information related to disasters, like an information system in post-disaster management is important. The purpose of this research is to provide transparent information regarding the data on the goods needed and the data on goods to be distributed to ensure the amount used and not used, so that victims affected by disasters can be handled quickly and appropriately. The method used in this research is a literature review. The results of this study indicate the existence of a Blockchain Disaster Management Information System as a form of a new scheme in the post-disaster management process and is an upgraded form of information system that has been developed previously. This scheme uses the blockchain concept to provide transparency and data immutability. This scheme coordinates with various institutions such as BPBD (Regional Disaster Management Agency), BNPB (National Disaster Management Agency), BASARNAS (National Search and Rescue Agency), PMI (Indonesian Red Cross Society), the nearest hospital, and other related institutions. © 2023 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Examining the Factors that Influence the Use of Social Media for Disaster Management by Coastal Community People of Bangladesh

Aims: To examine how and why did the coastal community people (agriculture, aquaculture and livestock farmers) adopted social media for their disaster management efforts employing Technology Acceptance Model.
 Place and Duration of Study: Batiaghata upazila under Khulna district and Bagerhat Sadar, Chitalmari and Fakirhat upazila of Bagerhat district. Data was collected in February 2023.
 Methodology: Considering 95% confidence level and 10% Margin of Error 96 sample was estimated for the study. However, for addressing non response we collected data from 25 more respondents, thus all together we collected data from 121 samples. The people who use social media, available during interview and voluntarily agreed to provide data were selected purposively as sample. The study was a quantitative research project that used independent t-tests and descriptive statistics to analyze the information gathered. Data was Analyzed using SPSS.
 Results: The study found 94% community people either strongly agreed or agreed that they use social media for gathering disaster information while 96% respondents strongly agreed or agreed to share disaster information with their friends and families. The outcome of the study established the fact that a significant difference exists between coastal community people whose social media site usage was influenced by their perceived usefulness and those whose social media site usage was influenced by their perceived ease of use (p<0.05).
 Conclusion: In coastal Bangladesh social media users gather disaster management information from the media and also share this in their friends and families. There is a high perception of perceive usefulness and ease of use of social media among coastal community people in Bangladesh, particularly Bagerhat and Khulna districts. Therefore, government and non-government organizations need to emphasize on social media as part of enhancing community knowledge and improving practice of disaster management.

Betweenness Centrality-Based seismic risk management for bridge transportation networks

Although bridges are integral parts of transportation networks, they are vulnerable to natural hazards. The damage incurred during these natural hazards events leads to network disruptions and hinders post-event recovery. Therefore, improving the seismic performance of transportation networks is critical. This paper proposes an origin–destination pair betweenness centrality (BC)-based methodology to rank bridges according to their importance in a complex bridge network. The proposed methodology is an easy-to-use approach that considers user equilibrium and topology and significantly shorten the computational time. In addition, this study proposes two strategies including the retrofit of bridges and construction of new bridges based on the BC importance of bridges to mitigate the seismic risk of bride networks. A well-studied bridge network in California was used to demonstrate the application and the effect of different strategies was compared in this study. Bridges located at the shortest path significantly affect the seismic performance of bridge networks, indicating there is no need to rehabilitate or replace all bridges under budget constraints. Also, constructing five new bridges based on BC importance improved seismic performance of the bridge network much more than retrofitting 21 bridges. Moreover, the proposed methodology presents a significant reduction in computational time (only 1/30 compared with an existing study) in resolving the importance of bridges in a network and can be applied to provide useful information for disaster management teams to mitigate the seismic risk of bridge networks.

The Effectiveness of Earthquake Disaster Management Policy in Indonesia

Indonesia is highly susceptible to a variety of natural and man-made disasters, including earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, droughts, forest fires, flooding, and landslides. The central government and regional administrations have developed numerous disaster management policies, including earthquake disaster management policies. This study's objective is to assess the efficacy of Indonesia's earthquake management policies. This study employed a qualitative research methodology with a descriptive approach. The results of the study indicate that Indonesia's seismic disaster management policies have been comprehensively and systematically formulated through Law Number 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management and its derivatives. Government Regulation Number 21 of 2008 Regarding Disaster Management Implementation. At the stage of implementing earthquake disaster management policies in Indonesia, in general, it has been running effectively. This can be measured from indicators of effective communication, availability of resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. However, even though it has been running effectively, improvements are still needed, such as in terms of information, infrastructure, budget, coordination between the central and regional governments. From this study it can be concluded that to increase the effectiveness of earthquake management policies, the government can increase access to information, infrastructure and resources for earthquake disaster management.

Management of Information and Communication Technology for Earthquake Disaster Management in Jayapura City

This study aims to analyze ICT management in the earthquake disaster in Jayapura Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive design. Sources of data come from secondary sources, which include books, journals, online news, and various documents according to the research theme. Based on research results, comprehensive and clear handling of natural disasters has been regulated in Article 5 of Chapter 3 of Law 24/2007 concerning disasters. In ICT management, Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) and Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) use official websites as information channels. Regarding disaster management information and communication systems, BNPB and BPBD themselves have a Disaster Management Operations Control Center, hereinafter abbreviated as Pusdalops PB. The people of Jayapura City mostly access information independently through social media.

Integrating the SLIDE model within CAESAR-Lisflood: Modeling the ‘rainfall-landslide-flash flood’ disaster chain mechanism under landscape evolution in a mountainous area

The interaction mechanism between the dynamically changing environment and the subsequent natural hazards in the years following an earthquake has been studied based on a multi-temporal remote sensing dataset and continually measured data. However, how to quantitatively model this interaction mechanism has not been fully addressed. In this study, we first modeled the interaction mechanism between the ‘rainfall-landslide-flash flood’ disaster chain and the dynamically changing environment in mountainous areas by incorporating the SLope-Infiltration-Distributed Equilibrium (SLIDE) model within the landscape evolution model (CAESAR-Lisflood) and then applied the integrated CAESAR-Lisflood model in a Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area. The results demonstrated that the landslide susceptibility under extreme rainfall can be predicted effectively based on the integrated CAESAR-Lisflood model and that new/enlarged landslides occur more easily in mountain valleys, near the valley outlet, and in the main steep gullies. Most of the high landslide susceptibility areas are not located in coseismic landslide areas with high vegetation recovery. The landslide legacy effects had a significant influence on the landscape erosion and deposition processes and a great effect on the spatial distribution pattern of the material redistribution in the basin, which in turn affected the subsequent disaster occurrence. The integrated CAESAR-Lisflood model compensates for the effect of the “rainfall-landslide-flash flood” disaster chain on the process of erosion and deposition, improves the model’s applicability in earthquake-stricken areas, and provides scientific information for regional disaster management and reduction.

Comparative Impact Analysis of Cyclone Ana in the Mozambique Channel Using Satellite Data

There is still insufficient information available for a streamlined impact assessment of tropical cyclones on coastal habitats, particularly in the Mozambique Channel. Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data, along with socio-ecological parameters including mangrove forest health and population density, we modeled the extent of flooding and its impact following the ‘severe tropical storm’ Ana which occurred between the 20 January until 25 January over the Mozambique Channel. Focusing on regions hit by Ana, namely the Sofala and Zambezia regions and the Boeny and Melaky provinces in Mozambique and Madagascar, respectively, we adapted a model by the United Nations Platform for Space-Based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) to effectively assess storm impacts at a resolution of up to 10 m. Our results showed that in Mozambique, more than 195,977 people have been potentially affected by Ana, while in Madagascar this number was down to 79,003. The central region of Zambezia accounted for the majority of flooding occurrences, although the Boeny province accounted for most of the flooding as a proportion of its total area. The Sofala region of Mozambique displayed the highest-affected population and highest-affected urban area, with 108,400 exposed people. However, it was found that only a small proportion of affected areas in all regions of interest (ROIs) were urban areas, accounting for 1.4% of the flooded areas on average. Low mangrove normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) changes between before the 2021–2022 cyclone season were found throughout all ROIs, despite the appearance of degraded mangrove patches in the proximity of barren areas at a fine scale (<20 m). Finally, it was found that healthy mangrove forest ecosystems in the Mozambique Channel were effective in protecting highly populated areas from cyclonic events for up to 40 km, on average.

Flash flood and landslide susceptibility analysis for a mountainous roadway in Vietnam using spatial modeling

Flash floods and landslides are dangerous natural hazards in hilly areas. They often occur extensively and potentially cause widespread destruction to agriculture, infrastructure, roads, houses, and human beings. This research aimed to analyze the hazard susceptibility on a mountainous roadway using advanced Machine Learning (ML) models. We conducted field surveys to collect data on flash flood and landslide locations in 2017, 2018, and 2019 on a particular roadway in Vietnam, National Highway 6, consisting of 88 flash flood sites and 235 landslide sites. The state-of-art ML models were utilized for the predictive modeling, including AdaBoost-RBF, Bagging-RBF, MultiBoostAB-RBF, and Random Sub-spaceRBF, with Radial Basis Function (RBF) serving as the primary classifier. The AdaBoost-RBF model outperformed all others in predicting landslide and flash flood vulnerability. The resulting map showed that 44.89% or 14,183 ha is in very high susceptibility zones, 15.55% or 4914 ha is in high susceptibility zones, 10.37% or 3.275 ha is in moderate susceptibility zones, 13.69% or 4324 ha is in low susceptibility zones, and 15.50% or 4899 ha is in very low susceptibility zones. A detailed map of the areas where landslides and flash floods are most likely to occur on the roadway might provide local authorities with crucial information for disaster management.

Use of Mobile Crowdsensing in Disaster Management: A Systematic Review, Challenges, and Open Issues.

With the increasing efforts to utilize information and communication technologies (ICT) in disaster management, the massive amount of heterogeneous data that is generated through ubiquitous sensors paves the way for fast and informed decisions in the case of disasters. Utilization of the big "sensed" data leads to an effective and efficient management of disaster situations so as to prevent human and economic losses. The advancement of built-in sensing technologies in smart mobile devices enables crowdsourcing of sensed data, which is known as mobile crowdsensing (MCS). This systematic literature review investigates the use of mobile crowdsensing in disaster management on the basis of the built-in sensor types in smart mobile devices, disaster management categories, and the disaster management cycle phases (i.e., mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery activities). Additionally, this work seeks to unveil the frameworks or models that can potentially guide disaster management authorities towards integrating crowd-sensed data with their existing decision-support systems. The vast majority of the existing studies are conceptual as they highlight a challenge in experimental testing of the disaster management solutions in real-life settings, and there is little emphasis on the use cases of crowdsensing through smartphone sensors in disaster incidents. In light of a thorough review, we provide and discuss future directions and open issues for mobile crowdsensing-aided disaster management.

Mapping the Global Evolution and Research Directions of Information Seeking, Sharing and Communication in Disasters: A Bibliometric Study.

This paper aims to grasp developments and trends in research on information communication, information seeking and information sharing in disasters during 2000-2021. By using bibliometrics software CiteSpace and VOSviewer, the development trends of publications, disciplinary, journals, institutions and regional cooperation are mapped. Keyword co-occurrence analysis is used to further identify the evolution of the research hot points and visualize the research orientation and frontier. The results indicate that the field of information communication in disasters has received growing attention from various disciplines. Results of institutions and regional cooperation show that worldwide cooperation is still lacking and needs to be strengthened in future studies in this field. The key findings are five main research orientations in this field based on keyword co-occurrence, which are public information coordination research, public information behavior and perception research, health information communication research, risk communication and social media research and information technology in emergency management. The findings of this paper can be helpful for academics and emergency managers in disaster information management and risk communication by giving them a comprehensive understanding of people's information communication, seeking and sharing.

DISASTER RESPONSE MODELING BASE ON LANDSLIDE EARLY WARNING USING CASE MANAGEMENT MODEL AND NOTATION

There are a few handling steps in the emergency response to landslides that need thorough explanation. The flexibility of emergency response situations is ineffectively supported by traditional modeling methodologies because they are excessively inflexible. Companies have traditionally modeled their business processes using the Business Process Management Approach and Notation (BPMN) model. For design case management, such as the emergency reaction to a landslide disaster, BPMN modeling is unsuitable. because the BPMN modeling focuses how business processes flow inside a company. The Case Management Model and Notation (CMMN), the newest modeling approach from the Object Management Group (OMG), was launched in 2013 with the purpose of completing the BPMN modeling approach. The unstructured and adaptable CMMN claims to be able to handle urgent situations. This study's intention is to develop a CMMN model of a landslide emergency reaction scenario based on an emergency alert from an Early Warning System (EWS) sensor. In order to acquire the qualitative data for this study, the researcher first conducted a literature review. Then used the interview and observation methods to gather data, and from this data, we created the model using the CMMN modeling approach. The Yogyakarta Special Region Disaster Management Agency's (BPBD DIY) data flow of a disaster management information system, which was already operational, was analyzed by researchers. Then, the researchers used CMMN to model the data in order to find out opportunities to improve the disaster management information system already in use at BPBD DIY. Two CMMN models—the BPBD DIY disaster management information system model and the recommendation model for system improvements—were created in this study. The analysis of the current disaster management information system model resulted in the recomendation of this model. A prototype of feature recommendation is created as part of this research and given to specialists in natural disasters for model validation.

A South African disaster legislative perspective of information management and communication systems

Background: Establishing a disaster information management and communication system (IMCS) is a mandate of the South African National Disaster Management Framework of 2005 (NDMF). The inception of such systems is supposed to be at the initial set-up of disaster management centres. The comprehensive functioning of a disaster centre will require an interoperable system that can collect, process, store and disseminate data. The lack of such a system might result in poor disaster risk reduction (DRR) and ineffective response.Objective: This article identified and described IMCSs from the South African disaster policy perspective.Methods: Qualitative in-depth interviews were used to investigate the status quo of all nine provincial disaster management centres (PDMCs) regarding the existence, functioning and understanding of IMCSs. The NDMF informed the interview questions administered to 29 purposively selected participants. Themes from descriptions by informants were used to analyse the data.Results: All the centres operating for more than 10 years lack integrated IMCSs. The disaster managers perceive IMCSs as more information technology, computers and other physical devices and less human input systems and governance capabilities. The lack of integrated and well-governed disaster information and communication affects disaster management operations and service delivery mandate.Conclusion: To date, no studies have explored the establishment and management of interoperable IMCSs in disaster management centres. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature on disaster information and communication discourse and practical contributions to improve the capacity of PDMCs. This article provides insight into the significance of IMCS for building resilient communities and recommendations for establishing and maintaining the systems.