Personal Information Research Articles

Adoption of smart energy apps and household energy practices: empirical insights from Norway

ABSTRACT This study examines the adoption and usage patterns of household energy apps among a sample of Norwegian households to explore their potential in visualising and controlling home energy consumption and influencing sustainable energy practices. Through a questionnaire survey of 150 respondents using energy apps, this study gathers empirical insights into adoption motivations, user perceptions and factors associated with self-reported changes in household energy practices. Findings indicate that app-related factors, such as perceived app insights applicability, ease of use, and appealing user interface, are more positively associated with self-reported changes in daily energy habits than demographic factors. This research underscores the importance of prioritising user experience and data security in app development to foster sustainable energy practices. It also offers practical recommendations for targeted engagement strategies and policy interventions to promote the wider adoption of smart energy apps and maximise their potential to facilitate household energy transitions.

Educational needs of midwifery students in medical ethics: A qualitative study.

Background: Ethics education is a basic part of midwifery education program. However, there is no evidence to show that ethics education has been able to meet the educational needs of midwifery students. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the educational needs of students for ethics in midwifery program with a focus on the course of history, ethics, and rules of midwifery. Research design and participants: The present study is qualitative descriptive content analysis research, exploring midwifery students' needs of ethics education in bachelor's degrees. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 11 undergraduate midwifery students, seven midwives working in hospitals and health centers, and seven midwifery faculty members in Urmia University of Medical Sciences. The participants were selected using a purposeful sampling method and invited to join the study from December 2021 to June 2022. The sampling continued until data saturation. Findings: Content analysis identified four categories and associated subcategories: 1. "The client's rights": respecting the dignity of clients, confidentiality, the client's right to choose and make decisions; 2. "Legal and ethical requirements of fertility": abortion, alternative treatment for infertility, domestic violence; 3. "Communication skills": communication with the client, communication with clients' caregivers and communication with colleagues; and 4. "ethical principles in research": compliance with ethical principles in the research process and ethical principles in publishing research findings. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Before filling the questionnaires, written informed consent was obtained from the participants. The participants were assured of the confidentiality of personal information. Conclusion: The educational needs of midwifery students can be met by providing theoretical and practical training on respecting the pregnant mother, communication skills, legal and ethical aspects of the reproductive period, and incorporating ethical principles in related courses.

Psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version of the Work-Related Stress Scale: A study among search and rescue workers responding to the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes.

This study evaluates the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Work-Related Stress Scale (WRSS) among search and rescue workers who responded to the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Data were collected from 275 workers between January and April 2024 using the Personal Information Form and the Turkish version of the WRSS. Language, content, and construct validity were assessed, and reliability was determined using item-total correlation, Cronbach's alpha, split-half, and test-retest methods. The scale demonstrated strong content validity with a CVI range of 0.9-1.0 and a mean CVI of 0.98. Exploratory factor analysis yielded factor loadings from 0.469 to 0.932, resulting in four factors that explained 75.3% of the variance. The reliability coefficients for the sub-dimensions ranged from 0.833 to 0.900, with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.913. These results indicate that the Turkish WRSS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing stress among search and rescue workers.

Ontology Development for Asset Concealment Investigation: A Methodological Approach and Case Study in Asset Recovery

The concealment of assets is a critical challenge in financial fraud and asset recovery investigations, posing significant obstacles for creditors and regulatory authorities. National governments commonly possess the necessary data for detecting and combating this type of fraud, typically related to personal data and asset ownership. However, this information is often dispersed across different departments within the same government and sometimes in databases shared by other countries. This leads to difficulty semantically integrating this large amount of data in various formats and correlating entities through identifying hidden relationships, which are essential in this type of analysis. In this regard, this work proposes an ontology to support the data integration process in the domain of asset concealment and recovery and fill the gap in the existence of a public ontology for this domain. The applicability of this ontology in the context of integration between data from different departments and countries was validated. The use of the ontology in a pilot project in the context of a tool for investigating this type of fraud was conducted with a Brazilian government agency, and the users validated its applicability. Finally, a new method for constructing ontologies is proposed. The proposed process was evaluated during the asset concealment ontology building and proved to be more suitable than the similar processes analyzed concerning the partial reuse of existing ontologies and the construction of ontologies for data with a transnational scope.

IMCMK-CNN: A lightweight convolutional neural network with Multi-scale Kernels for Image-based Malware Classification

Rapid and accurate identification of unknown malware and its variants is the premise and basis for the effective prevention of malicious attacks. However, with the explosive growth of malware variants, the efficiency of manual updating of the sample database is getting worse and worse. It is difficult for the traditional identification methods to effectively capture the sample feature information operated by the confusion method only based on the delayed database information. The research into the direction of malware detection is dedicated to surmounting the limitations of conventional detection methodologies, and delves deeply into the application of cutting-edge technologies such as data visualization, machine learning, and hybrid detection within the realm of malware detection. Through these investigations, our goal is to construct a detection system that is both more precise and efficient, capable of addressing the ever-evolving threats to cybersecurity. Pursuing research in this direction is not only vital for enhancing network security defenses and safeguarding user data, but it will also foster the advancement of related state-of-the-art technologies and further mitigate the economic and societal repercussions of malware attacks. In light of this issue, this paper proposes the Image-based Malware Classification with Multi-scale Kernels (IMCMK), a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture using multi-scale convolution kernels mixing action to improve malware variants detection capabilities. First, we propose the Multi-scale Kernels (MK) block combining deep large kernel convolution and standard small kernel convolution with shortcuts to improve the accuracy. Furthermore, we propose Multi-scale Kernel Fusion (MKF) to reduce the number of parameters that come with the large kernels. The improved Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) block can obtain the correlation between different channels to further increase the model performance. Experimental results show that IMCMK outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in malware family classification accuracy, which has achieved 99.25 %.

Cybercrime and the Necessity of Self-Protection in Fighting Cyber-Attacks

A cyberattack is an attack initiated from a computer against a website, computer system, or individual computer … that compromises the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the computer or information stored on it. Every man’s activity nowadays is guarded, controlled, and directed majorly by the internet. The internet which seeks to connect individuals and corporate bodies has no doubt been infiltrated by bandwagons of internet fraudsters, cyber attackers, and computer programmers who have fashioned out so many means of attacking internet users like phishing, writing virus codes, installing rootkits, cross-site scripting and a host of others which in turn causes damages by stealing private personal data, attacking companies and their websites, attacking corporate entities, and organizations, etc. There’s equally no doubt to the fact that all these attacks by whatever mode always affect the receiver of the attack ineptly and in so many cases, lead to the loss of some personal data, private documents, and some others in monetary terms/values. It has become so important that individuals and corporate entities adopt various strategies and devise means to protect and guard themselves against cyberattacks. This article seeks to explain the concept of self-protection by identifying some types of cyber threats and explaining various ways by which individuals and bodies can protect themselves on the internet against cyberattacks thereby ensuring cyber security.

The possibilities of big data in pharmacoepidemiology, problems of use, legal regulation

The growth of digitalization in medicine has significantly expanded the possibilities of using big data in pharmacoepidemiology. The use of big data makes it possible to reduce the cost of clinical research, increase the speed of recruitment and expand the sample, makes it possible to evaluate the effect of drugs in pregnant women and effectiveness in rare diseases. The databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar for 12 years from 2012 to 2023, United Nations documents, World Health Organization, Federal laws of the Russian Federation in the field of artificial intelligence, protection of confidential information, and clinical research were analyzed. The search was carried out by keywords: «big data», «registers», «pharmacoepidemiology», «personal data», «legal regulation», «protection methods». The article provides examples of the use of big data in healthcare, including from 25 to 50 million people. The analysis of the literature data revealed the same type of problems – the lack of uniformity in the introduction of information, incomplete information, limited availability. The review identifies the problems of protecting the confidentiality of information. The mechanisms of information standardization, storage, and data processing are considered. The international and Russian legislative framework regulating the conduct of clinical trials using big data is presented.

Investigation and Analysis on Learning Burnout of Local College Students in China

The phenomenon of learning burnout is widespread among college students, which seriously affects their academic performance and hinders their physical and mental health development. In order to study the causes of college students' learning burnout and its impact, this project designed a questionnaire according to the current situation of learning burnout and conducted a pre-survey by combining online and offline. Taking college students in Anyang as the survey object, 443 formal questionnaires were distributed, and 381 were effectively recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 86%. Then, the reliability of the questionnaire is tested, and in-depth research is carried out from three modules: personal basic information, causes of learning burnout and effects of learning burnout. Using descriptive statistics to analyze the basic situation of the questionnaire, analyze the causes of learning burnout, and further analyze the influence of learning burnout according to the data. Finally, according to the above research and the current situation of college students' learning burnout, some suggestions are put forward for college students to avoid falling into learning burnout.

Characteristics of the Cohort of Personnel of the Sublimate Production of the Siberian Chemical Plant Involved in Working with Plutonium-239

239Pu has the property of initiating radiogenic diseases in workers who come into contact with it during their professional activities. To study adverse medical and biological effects and to study in detail the potential consequences of plutonium exposure on the body of personnel at nuclear energy facilities, it is necessary to form a cohort of people involved in working with this isotope. The purpose of the study is to form and characterize a cohort of Siberian Chemical Plant sublimation production employees involved in working with 239Pu in the period 1953–2000. The source of information for forming the cohort was the database of the regional medical and dosimetric register of the population of closed administrative-territorial formation Seversk and the personnel of the Siberian Chemical Plant, containing personal, dosimetric, medical and biological information regarding all current and former employees of the Siberian Chemical Plant (about 65,000 people) since the founding of the enterprise till now. As part of this work, a cohort of sublimation production employees involved in working with 239Pu 9 in 1953–2000 was formed (1,052 people, 577 men and 475 women). The dosimetric, medical and biological characteristics of workers included in the sublimation production cohort are given. The created sublimation production cohort will make it possible to conduct comprehensive retrospective and prospective epidemiological studies to assess the morbidity and mortality of nuclear energy facilities employees, as well as to draw scientifically based conclusions regarding the role of 239Pu in the initiation of the most important socially significant non-infectious diseases (for example, malignant neoplasms, diseases of the circulatory system etc.) and mortality from these diseases. The scientific data obtained as a result of this study will make it possible to determine the main directions for organizing a system for assessing risks to the health of personnel at sites for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities and the formation of a set of measures aimed at improving the health-saving system of nuclear facilities employees and extending their working longevity.

Effects of personal cancer history and genomic risk information on mothers' psychological adaptation to inherited breast/ovarian cancer syndrome.

This study aimed to understand long-term coping responses of mothers (N = 287) receiving genetic counseling and testing (GCT) for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Psychological characteristics, including cancer-specific distress (Impact of Events Scale-Revised, α = .85) and coping (Brief COPE, α = .93) were assessed via structured personal communication, along with epidemiologic items assessing personal and family history of cancer. Genetic risk was determined by BRCA1/2 carriage. A principal component analysis was conducted on the coping measure to reduce its summary score to active coping (α = .91) with nine approach-oriented strategies responsive to stress. A multivariable regression model examined the main and interacting effects of clinical and psychological characteristics on maternal coping. Personal cancer history (F = 4.99, df = 1, p = .026), BRCA test result (F = 22.20, df = 1, p < .001), and cancer-specific distress (F = 17.80, df = 1, p < .001) were associated with greater engagement in active coping strategies. When controlling for cancer-specific distress, the interaction between personal cancer history and genetic test results was significant, such that women previously unaffected by cancer who received positive BRCA results reported the greatest levels of active coping (F = 7.92, p < .001). These findings indicate that previous cancer history, genetic risk, and psychological distress independently and jointly impact how women adapt to the threat of cancer over time.

Security Protection of Video-GIS Data Based on Data Encryption and Digital Watermarking

Abstract. Video-GIS data, a novel generation of multimedia produced through the integration of geographic videos and GIS, has evolved into an innovative form of geospatial data representation. As a kind of digital products, Video-GIS data is vulnerable to unauthorized replication, dissemination, and usage. The potential for large-scale leakage of sensitive or confidential information, including commercial, political, military, and personal privacy data, poses a significant threat to the rights of data producers and may even compromise national security. Given this context, the primary concern is ensuring the security protection of video data in an open and shared data environment. To address this issue, we propose a novel scheme for the security protection of Video-GIS data in this paper, which collaboratively utilizes digital watermarking and data encryption. In the proposed scheme, Video-GIS data is divided into two categories, i.e., general and confidential, based on the presence or absence of sensitive information within the image frames. Appropriate security measures were meticulously designed for each data type to ensure effective prevention and control. Experimental results indicate that this watermarking algorithm exerts minimal influence on the quality of the Video-GIS data, while simultaneously maintaining optimal invisibility and robustness. The employed audio denoising method is characterized by its low complexity, simplicity, and feasibility, thereby ensuring the security of audio signal storage and transmission. This approach effectively realizes the dual protection objective for Video-GIS data, audio, and video.

Dog10K: an integrated Dog10K database summarizing canine multi-omics.

The diversity observed in canine breed phenotypes, together with their risk for heritabily disorders of relevance to dogs and humans, makes the species an ideal subject for studies aimed at understanding the genetic basis of complex traits and human biomedical models. Dog10K is an ongoing international collaboration that aims to uncover the genetic basis of phenotypic diversity, disease, behavior, and domestication history of dogs. To best present and make the extensive data accessible and user friendly, we have established the Dog10K (http://dog10k.kiz.ac.cn/) database, a comprehensive-omics resource summarizing multiple types of data. This database integrates single nucleotide variants (SNVs) from 1987 canine genomes, de-novo mutations (DNMs) from 43 dog breeds with>40×sequence, RNA-seq data of 105057 single nuclei from hippocampus, 74067 single cells from leukocytesand 30 blood samples from published canid studies. We provide clear visualization, statistics, browse, searching, and downloading functions for all data. We have integrated three analysis tools, Selscan, LiftOver and AgeConversion, to aid researchers in custom exploration of the comprehensive-omics data. The Dog10K database will serve as a foundational platform for analyzing, presenting and utilizing canine multi-omics data.

Externalizing Behaviors of Children as Predicted by Maternal Psychological Well-being

Most of the behaviors of children depend on their parents’ psychological well-being. This study investigated the relationship of maternal psychological well-being with externalizing behaviors of children. A Personal Information Form (PIF), an adapted self-reported Bangla version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and an adapted General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were administered on 800 (400 children, 400 mothers) participants to collect data. The children were selected from ten Bangla medium high schools in Dhaka city and their age ranges from 11 to 13 years. The schools and the children were selected using a multistage random sampling technique. The Correlation co-efficient indicated that externalizing behavior in children and mother psychological well-being were significantly positively correlated. Results also showed that somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression of mothers were significantly correlated with externalizing behavior of children. Multiple regression analysis results showed that mothers' anxiety and insomnia alone accounted for 46.9% of the variation and was the most powerful predictor of externalizing behavior. The other significant predictors were severe depression, somatic symptoms, and social dysfunction. All the predictors explained jointly 56.1% of variance in externalizing behavior of children. The implications of the findings have been discussed in the light of theory and scientific evidence from the previous studies. Jagannath University Journal of Science, Volume 11, Number 1, Jun. 2024, pp. 1−12

THE EFFECT OF SPIRITUALITY ON DEATH-RELATED DEPRESSION, DEATH ANXIETY, AND LONELINESS AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

There has been a significant increase in research focusing on the healing role of spirituality in recent years. In this context, the purpose of the current study is to examine the effect of spirituality on death-related depression, death anxiety, and loneliness in young adults. A total of 539 young adults, 315 (58.4%) women and 224 (41.6%) men, participated in the study. The participants' ages ranged from 18 to 32 (M = 28.23, SD = 2.63). Personal Information Form, Spirituality Scale, Death Distress, and Loneliness Scale were used in the study. The data of the study were analyzed with SPSS 24. The results of the study show that there is a significant and negative relationship between spirituality and death related depression, death anxiety, and loneliness. The simple linear regression analysis revealed that spirituality explained 7% of the variance in death related depression, 12% of the variance in death anxiety, and 6% of the variance in loneliness. These results can be concluded that spirituality has a protective function against destructive factors such as death related depression, death anxiety, and loneliness. This study once again reveals the importance of carrying out studies to strengthen the spirituality of young adults in particular.

The Effect of Depression and Hopelessness Level on Death Anxiety in Earthquake Survivor Students One Year After the Earthquake.

It is important to reveal the long-term psychological effects of the earthquake in earthquake-exposed individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of depression, hopelessness and death anxiety in students who experienced the earthquake one year after the earthquake and to examine the effects of depression and hopelessness on death anxiety. This is a descriptive and correlational study. Data were collected from 155 Emergency Relief and Disaster Management students who experienced the Kahramanmaras earthquake in Türkiye in 2023. Data were collected using Personal Information Form, Beck Depression Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Thorson-Powell Death Anxiety Scale. In the study, a moderate positive correlation was found, indicating that as levels of depression and hopelessness increased, so did death anxiety (p < .05). Depression and hopelessness explained 18.1% of the variance in death anxiety. Death anxiety was found to be higher in males and in students whose relatives or close friends died.

12-year-old students of Spain and their digital ecosystem: the cyberculture of the Frontier Collective

In the context of primary education, students aged 11–12 years old begin to integrate digital devices and online behaviours that are more common and widespread at the secondary level. The objective of this study is to understand the factors that determine the initial digital ecosystem of students, and to evaluate the risks that these students face at a certain threshold age. The 356 participants in the sample completed a questionnaire designed ad hoc based on the findings of other studies with the same aim. The identified correlations and the regression equations obtained indicate, fundamentally, that two out of every three students who own a smartphone use it to communicate with family and friends. Furthermore, the use of mobile phones encourages young people to join and participate in social networks at an early age. The study also reveals that at this age, students use social networks mainly for the consumption of audiovisual content and not so much to share personal information of a critical nature. Finally, students in this particular age group are considered at a threshold age because they begin using smartphones regularly, making autonomous decisions without sufficient supervision regarding digital risks, thus becoming part of the Frontier Collective.

Enhancing smartphone security with human centric bimodal fallback authentication leveraging sensors.

Smartphones store valuable personal information, necessitating robust authentication methods to protect user data. This research proposes a lightweight bi-model fallback authentication technique that combines dynamic security questions and finger pattern recognition using inertial measurement units. The dynamic security questions are generated based on the smartphone's usage behavior, while the owner's finger movements are captured using four different inertial sensors: accelerometer, gyroscope, gravity sensor, and magnetometer. By combining the answers to the questions and the owner's finger movements, the user can be authenticated even if the primary authentication method fails. In this study, data was collected from 24 participants, including 12 primary phone users and 12 close adversaries, over a span of 28 days. The dynamic security questions, derived from call, SMS, battery charging events, application usage, location, and physical activity categories, achieved high accuracy rates, with call, SMS, and application usage surpassing . Incorporating the inertial measurement units significantly improved the accuracy of all question types, increasing from a maximum of to , while also enhancing the True Positive Rate from 0.79 to 0.99 compared to a previous study. This research presents a promising lightweight bi-model fallback authentication technique that leverages dynamic security questions and inertial measurement units data, demonstrating its effectiveness for enhancing smartphone security.

THE EFFECT OF PRIMARY AND REPEATED CESAREAN BIRTH ON BREASTFEEDING SUCCESS AND MATERNAL ATTACHMENT LEVEL IN POSTPARTUM: A CROSS-SECTIONAL AND COMPARATIVE STUDY

This research was conducted to determine the effect of primary and repeated cesarean births on breastfeeding success and maternal attachment level in postpartum women. The cross-sectional and comparative study sample consisted of 322 postpartum women who applied to a public hospital in eastern Turkey. Data were collected with the "Personal Information Form", "LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool" and “Maternal Attachment Scale(MAS)". Descriptive statistics, independent group’s t-test, and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The average age of the puerperants with primary and repeat births was determined as 28.14±6.15, and 30.56±4.91, respectively. The mean LATCH and MAS total scores of postpartum women who had primary cesarean delivery were lower than those of postpartum women who had repeated cesarean delivery, and the difference between them was statistically significant(p=0.000). It was found that there was a weak, positive relationship between the MAS and LATCH score averages of women who had primary and repeated cesarean deliveries, and as breastfeeding success increased, the level of attachment also increased. It was concluded that breastfeeding success and attachment levels were lower in primary cesarean births compared to repeated cesarean births, and as the breastfeeding success achieved in both groups increased, the level of attachment increased.

REGULAÇÃO LEGAL DAS REDES SOCIAIS: PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS E LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO

The legal regulation of social networks is a field in constant evolution, which seeks to balance two fundamental pillars in the digital era: data protection and freedom of expression. Social networks manage a huge amount of personal data, which makes the existence of legal frameworks that protect users’ privacy imperative. Regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union and the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) in Brazil establish strict standards on how platforms must manage personal information. These laws not only allow users to access, correct or delete their data, but also impose sanctions on companies that do not comply with these requirements, ensuring a high level of security and transparency. At the same time, freedom of expression is a fundamental right that must be protected in the digital environment. However, exercising this right on social media often conflicts with the need to moderate content that may be considered offensive, dangerous or even illegal. Platforms implement moderation policies to mitigate the spread of hate speech, misinformation, and other harmful content. This, however, creates significant challenges in relation to censorship and the delimitation of permitted speech, which can affect the free expression of ideas and opinions. The challenge lies in finding an appropriate balance between protecting users’ privacy and data and enabling robust freedom of expression. An excessive focus on data protection can limit users’ ability to express themselves freely, while unrestricted freedom of expression can put individuals’ security and privacy at risk. As social media becomes more deeply integrated into everyday life and becomes a key platform for communication and the exchange of ideas, it is essential that regulations continue to adapt to address these dilemmas in a balanced and fair way. The future of regulation in this field will depend on the ability of legislators and platforms to adapt to rapid technological and social changes. ensuring that both rights are protected effectively and equitably.

The impact of climate change anxiety on premenstrual syndrome: A cross-sectional study.

Climate change is thought to have possible effects on changes in the menstruation process, which covers an important period of time in women's lives. Our study aimed to determine the impact of climate change anxiety on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in women of reproductive age. This is a cross-sectional study. The research was conducted online using various digital platforms between December 2023 and February 2024. This study was conducted on 456 women of reproductive age. The Personal Information Form, PMS Scale and Eco-Anxiety Scale were used for the data collection. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The prevalence of PMS was 44.7%. The average score for the Eco-Anxiety Scale was 27.28 ± 6.44. A significant majority of participants (81.4%) stated that climate change would affect women's health, and 81.1% thought that they were affected by climate change. The Eco-Anxiety Scale scores were higher in women with PMS (p < 0.05). The results of the binary logistic regression analysis showed that being affected by climate change (odds ratio [OR] = 2.109, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.045-4.259, p = 0.035), age at menarche (OR = 1.249, 95% Cl = 1.073-1.453, p = 0.004) and Eco-Anxiety Scale scores were significant predictors of PMS (OR = 0.828, 95% Cl = 0.791-0.867, p < 0.001). The results of our study showed that women with PMS had higher Eco-Anxiety Scale scores. Given the global effects of climate change, it is important to investigate its effects as a risk factor for the emergence of PMS. Furthermore, women's healthcare providers play an important and beneficial role in adapting to a changing climate; these efforts will have long-term impacts.