Information Dissemination Techniques Research Articles

Role of Librarians in Using Information Dissemination Techniques on the Health and Social Implications of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Nigeria

Role of Librarians in Using Information Dissemination Techniques on the Health and Social Implications of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Nigeria

Information dissemination techniques in digital era: A content analysis of deemed university library websites of Karnataka

Information dissemination techniques in digital era: A content analysis of deemed university library websites of Karnataka

RAFT: Congestion control technique for efficient information dissemination in ICN based VANET

Vehicular communications contain a massive number of nodes with a high mobility rate moving between the network connectivity to connect and disconnect the network rapidly. With the increasing demand and services, many information packets are generated and forwarded between “vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I)”. This will result in a congestion problem, which increases the delay and sometimes the loss of packets. It is a severe problem in VANET, wherein urban areas, a large number of nodes present in network with rapid mobility and dynamic topology. We proposed a network-aware solution called RAFT in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) connected with Information-Centric Networks architecture to address these problems. We can solve the congestion problem at two levels at level one by effectively managing the network’s available recourses. In level two, we prioritize data for effective data dissemination. The balance between the available to consumed recourse will improve the network’s throughput, lessen delay, and improve the data dissemination rate. We have validated our proposed work with the simulation of ICN based VANET using ndnSIM.

Financial Institutions and Market Information Dissemination Techniques for Small and Medium Enterprises: A Case of Selected SMEs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Small and Medium Enterprises significantly contribute to the nation’s economic development and employment creation. The study explored the market information dissemination methods financial institutions employ to reach target SMEs for decision-making. Specifically, it identified the dissemination techniques, the effectiveness of dissemination techniques and the language used in designing market information. Both primary and literature surveys were intensively performed. Quantitative data were subjected to the SPSS programme of which frequencies and counts were produced. On the other hand, qualitative data from the key informants were analysed through thematic content. The study revealed that financial institutions use different information dissemination techniques. These included media formats such as TV, newspapers, leaflets and brochures, door-to-door visits and the Internet. The effectiveness of dissemination techniques depends on the location, time and language. The study recommends applying the proper use of common language in designing market information, timely delivery of information and choosing appropriate dissemination techniques based on location in urban and rural areas.

Potential-Driven Model for Influence Maximization in Social Networks

The adoption of a new technology, the spreading of ideologies, the transmission of contagions, are examples of spreading phenomena that can be modelled at two distinct levels of resolution, a macroscopic and a microscopic level.In the present work, we consider the network at the microscopic level and represent its nodes as a system of interacting particles and propose a novel, physics-inspired approach. This approach assumes that nodes interact via `forces' that derive from the `potential' that each node creates at the location of the other nodes, leading to a potential gradient that indicates the `natural' direction of diffusion through the network. A set of influencers in the network, is determined from strategically selected nodes based on the value of their net potential. We use synthetic networks of various sizes and compare the influence spread resulting from a seed set determined from the potential-based model and alternate approaches, including the greedy algorithm of Kempe et al. Our findings indicate that this approach achieves comparable results to those of the greedy algorithm without the prohibitive computational cost, and consistently outperforms the other approaches by a large margin. We then apply our methodology to information spreading related to the Twitter Higgs Boson user dataset. The results are analyzed in the context of influence maximization, and we provide insights into the general application of this technique for information dissemination.

Sociodemographic predictors of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV Vaccine Knowledge and Awareness among Americans Who Use the Internet as Their Primary Source of Health Information

We examined differences in HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge among individuals who use the Internet as their main source of health information versus those who do not. Data were obtained from the Health Information National Trends Survey Cycles 3 and 4 (N = 6862), a cross-sectional random-digit-dialed telephone survey of noninstitutionalized adults aged ≥18 years. Multivariate logistic regression models estimated correlates of HPV and HPV vaccine awareness and knowledge among both groups. Approximately 76% of respondents who use the Internet as their main source of health information and 56% of who do not, reported an awareness of HPV and the vaccine (p < .0001). In multivariate analyses, independent of Internet use for health information, females were significantly more likely to be aware of HPV and the vaccine than males. Among those who used the Internet as their primary information source, high school diploma holders were less likely to be aware of HPV and the vaccine, compared with college graduates. However, there was no educational difference among those who did not use the Internet. Overall, Internet users had a significantly increased knowledge and awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine compared with non-Internet users, however, both groups had gaps. Continued education and innovative information dissemination techniques are needed to improve HPV and HPV vaccine awareness among both individuals who use the Internet as their primary source of information and those who do not.

English

Utilizing descriptive research design, this study investigated the nature and implementation extent of service delivery related to reproductive health (RH) and tuberculosis (TB) control. Data were gathered using existing data files, survey checklist questionnaires and interview schedule. The questionnaires were pilot-tested then implemented on actual respondents. Findings showed there was adequate number of needed personnel in all rural health units (RHUs) with the appropriate educational qualification, eligibility and training. Facilities and materials available were functional and most often used. Most health service delivery units have no specific allocation earmarked for TB control and RH programs. Information dissemination techniques were one-on-one session and lecture during check-up. Linkage with either one or two NGOs among the RHUs existed, but, none of such linkage existed between NGO and the two hospital facilities. The health service delivery profile in RHUs and hospitals is adequate in terms of personnel number and experts’ availability. Inadequacy of facilities and scarcity of information materials were noted. Legal mandates were partly enforced together with implementation of health service delivery related to TB control and reproductive health programs. There was no extent of linkages of local government units. Gaps and overlaps in health service delivery for the two programs were evident. Key words: Health service delivery, tuberculosis control, reproductive health, local government units, non-government organizations.

THE QUESTION OF THE SECURITY OF FACILITATING, COLLECTING AND PROCESSING INFORMATION IN DATA BASES OF SOCIAL NETWORKING

In recent years, The number of companies that have been collecting personal information for marketing purposes has grown. Then, they have been reselling it to other companies, banks, institutions. In this way, enterprises, financial and public institutions create huge collections of nonpublic data that are valuable information for taking marketing enterpises. By targetting appropriately profiled product and service offer at a selected group of receivers; trading partners and potential clients, a greater effectiveness used in the marketing strategy is achieved suitably Thereupon, multifaceted and informational personal data base, which are built in institutions, enterpises and social networking sites, become a valuable source of informaton used for the marketing purposes. The development of information processing and dissemination techniques through the Internet is determined by the many conveniences for beneficiaries, customers and users of services offered by the Internet. On the other hand, the development of information technologies on the Internet carries the risk of loss or theft of information by an unauthorized entities. The process of facilitating information online generates a number of threats related to identity theft, capturing nonpublic data by hackers, and accomplishing conversion of funds in the electronic system banking. In response to these threats, specific entities expand security systems for remote facilitating of information and making transactions via the Internet.

Abstract A52: Sociodemographic predictors of HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge and awareness among Americans who use the Internet as their primary source of health information

Abstract Background: There is a growing need to provide digital access to accurate and up-to-date health information as millions of Americans now consider the internet their primary source of health information. Information on sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and the HPV vaccine, is a health topic that receives a lot of attention among internet users. HPV is the most common STI in the United States and globally, and some oncogenic strains of the virus are causally linked to several anogenital cancers and oropharyngeal cancer. Three HPV vaccines have been licensed for use in preventing 70% to 90% of HPV strains associated with cervical cancer, and other anogenital cancers that affect both sexes. Yet, there are still gaps in HPV knowledge in the general population, and HPV vaccine uptake remains abysmally low, especially among males. There is a dearth of information on sociodemographic predictors of HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge among internet users. We aimed to fill this gap by examining racial and gender disparities in HPV and HPV vaccine awareness among US adults that use the internet as their primary source of health information. Methods: Data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute's 2014 the Health Information National Trends Survey Cycles 3 and 4 (HINTS; N=6,862), a cross-sectional random-digit-dialed telephone survey of noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years or older. Excluding respondents who used other sources to seek health information resulted in a final sample size of 3,038 individuals who reported using the internet as their primary source. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess racial/ethnic and gender disparities in HPV HPV vaccination awareness. Results: Approximately 70% of respondents used the internet to seek health information. Nearly 72% of internet users and 39% of non-internet users reported an awareness of HPV and the vaccination. In multivariate analyses, age, gender, race and education were significant predictors of HPV and HPV vaccine awareness. Older adults were less likely to be aware of HPV (OR=0.35; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.58) and the HPV vaccine (OR=0.33; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.59) compared to younger adults. Females were 3.31 (95% CI: 2.41, 4.56) times and 4.26 (95% CI: 3.10, 5.86) times more likely to be aware of HPV and HPV vaccination compared to males, respectively. Non-Hispanic Blacks (OR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.69) were less likely to be aware of HPV vaccination than non-Hispanic Whites; but there was no statistically significant difference between non-Hispanic Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites regarding their awareness of HPV. There were no statistical differences between non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics regarding their knowledge of HPV and the HPV vaccination. The likelihood of being aware of HPV and the HPV vaccine declined steadily across education levels. Individuals without a high school diploma reported the least awareness (OR=0.24; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.62) compared to those with a college degree or higher. Conclusion: Despite the large number of individuals who use the internet to seek health information, gaps remain in HPV and HPV vaccine awareness among internet users. Also, racial and gender disparities in HPV and HPV vaccine awareness persist even among internet users. Continued education and alternative information dissemination techniques are imperative to improve HPV and HPV vaccine awareness, and to eliminate gender and racial/ethnic disparities. Citation Format: Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Betelihem B. Tobo, Rebecca M. Gordon, Eric Adjei Boakye. Sociodemographic predictors of HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge and awareness among Americans who use the Internet as their primary source of health information. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A52.

On minimizing the system information age in vehicular ad-hoc networks via efficient scheduling and piggybacking

Recent advances in vehicular networks have enforced researchers to focus on various information dissemination techniques. Exchanging information among the vehicles is imperative due to the ever-changing network topology in vehicular networks. However, random transmitter selection in traditional CSMA based channel access mechanism limits the delay performance. Data, such as state information, is often time critical, and hence, efficient information dissemination techniques to improve delay performance are essential. In this work, we aim to minimize the average system age which is the mean number of time slots old a vehicle's information is at all other vehicles in the network. To achieve this, we explore the benefits of simultaneous transmission along with piggybacking of information for multi-hop communication. While allowing simultaneous transmission guarantees faster dissemination of information, piggybacking facilitates dissemination of more information per transmission, thereby keeping the network more updated. We have also analysed the relationship between piggybacked information and number of vehicles in the network. Simulation results show improvement in network performance. Our analytical results are in good agreement with the simulation results.

Energy evaluation of AID protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are communication networks formed on the fly by radio-equipped mobile nodes without relying on any fixed infrastructure. Flooding is the simplest technique for information dissemination in ad hoc based networks, in which nodes disseminate a received message to all their neighbors. This algorithm leads to the broadcast storm problem that severely affects the energy consumption due to redundant submissions. To regulate redundant submissions, which can cause more collisions and requires more energy, recently there have been developed numerous broadcasting techniques. These techniques have been mainly proposed to solve the storm problem by preventing certain nodes from rebroadcasting received messages and/or by differentiating the timing of rebroadcasts. In this paper, we have evaluated and compared an adaptive information dissemination (AID) algorithm with other MANETs broadcasting protocols with respect to the energy efficiency. In AID, each node can dynamically adjust the values of its local parameters using information from neighboring nodes without requiring any additional effort, such as distance measurements or exact location-determination of nodes. Simulation results are reported and show that adaptive broadcasting schemes are most efficient with respect to save broadcast, energy consumption, and reachability.

Community-derived research dissemination strategies in an Inuit community

Objectives. To determine how residents of the Inuit community of Nain, Nunatsiavut, Canada would like research results disseminated to their community.Study design. Qualitative study using focus groups and key informant interviews.Methods. As part of a larger study on food safety, one focus group was conducted with hunters (n=7) and a second with members of the general community (n=7) to determine research dissemination strategies previously used in the community, and to obtain recommendations for effective and appropriate strategies for future use. One-on-one key informant interviews were also conducted with Nain community members (n=5) selected for their insights on the study themes. Informants included a teacher, a nurse, a community elder, and one official from each of the Nain and Nunatsiavut governments. Data from focus groups and key informant interviews were combined and analysed using thematic analysis.Results. Open houses were identified as the preferred method to present research results to the community. Presentation methods should be interactive, visual and presented in both English and Inuktitut. Research dissemination efforts should be timely and involve both the researcher and a local official or community member to give the results additional validity and relevance. If possible, involving youth in the presentations will increase the impact of the messageConclusion. Preferred information dissemination techniques in this Inuit community echo successful techniques from research conducted in Aboriginal communities. Future knowledge translation efforts in Inuit communities should consider involving youth in presentations due to their influential nature within the community.

Addressing critical gaps in achieving universal access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH): The case for improving adolescent SRH, preventing unsafe abortion, and enhancing linkages between SRH and HIV interventions

The new target for achieving universal access to reproductive health was integrated within the revised Millennium Development Goal framework in October 2008, following reaffirmation of this ICPD goal at the 2005 World Summit. To achieve this goal, the Alliance for Women's Health identified 3 issues needing urgent attention: (1) adolescent sexual and reproductive health; (2) unsafe abortions and related mortality and morbidity; and (3) HIV prevention and care. These themes were discussed in Cape Town at the FIGO 2009 Precongress Workshop convened by the Alliance. The critical gaps identified by the Workshop included: the lack of information on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues for adolescents, such as safe sexual practices, contraception, risks related to early childbearing; unsafe abortion and its adverse consequences; and inadequate linkages between sexual and reproductive health and HIV interventions that result in missed opportunities for addressing both. Recommendations included the use of innovative information dissemination techniques, ensuring access to family planning and comprehensive abortion care to the full extent allowed by national laws, in accordance with FIGO and WHO guidelines, and promotion of universal HIV counseling and testing with opt-out strategies within SRH services and information on SRH in all HIV services.

Continuous Monitoring of Spatial Queries in Wireless Broadcast Environments

Wireless data broadcast is a promising technique for information dissemination that leverages the computational capabilities of the mobile devices in order to enhance the scalability of the system. Under this environment, the data are continuously broadcast by the server, interleaved with some indexing information for query processing. Clients may then tune in the broadcast channel and process their queries locally without contacting the server. Previous work on spatial query processing for wireless broadcast systems has only considered snapshot queries over static data. In this paper, we propose an air indexing framework that 1) outperforms the existing (i.e., snapshot) techniques in terms of energy consumption while achieving low access latency and 2) constitutes the first method supporting efficient processing of continuous spatial queries over moving objects.

A near optimal scheduler for on-demand data broadcasts

On-demand data broadcasting is a new and important technique for information dissemination. In this paper, we design and analyse a novel online scheduler Balance for scheduling on-demand data broadcasts. Balance has competitive ratio 6 Δ log Δ + O ( Δ 5 / 6 ) , which improves significantly the previous best upper bound of Δ + Δ + 2 . We also prove that any online scheduler for the problem cannot have competitive ratio smaller than Δ 2 ln Δ − 1 . It follows that Balance is optimal within a constant factor.

Lazy Flooding: A New Technique for Information Dissemination in Distributed Network Systems

Flooding is a commonly used technique for network resource and topology information dissemination in the data communication networks. However, due to the well-known N-squared problem it causes network delay in response or even congestion. We propose a new flooding technique, called Lazy Flooding; it floods only when links reach a certain status. It significantly cuts down the number of floods and thus improves the data communication network response time. On the other hand, it has negligible effect on the network performance due to the selected flooding

Performance management for participatory democracy: thoughts on the transformation process in South African local government

The White Paper on Local Government in South Africa signals the intention to establish a performance management system for the sector. This paper suggests that current approaches to performance management, as used, for instance, in the UK public sector, would need substantial revision to be supportive of effective municipal development in South Africa. There is a need for low cost systems that fit the capabilities of the administrations that exist in many municipalities. A focus upon how municipalities manage their governance role would in the end be the best way of ensuring that liveable communities as well as improved services are created in the towns and rural areas of South Africa. The paper provides some ideas on the design of such a performance management or enhancement system. Its principal features would be that it is: based on mutual organisational learning and problem solving; using simple, indirect, low cost information gathering and dissemination techniques that are within the capabilities of existing leaders and officials; focused on processes in priority to outcomes.

Statewide Health Information: A Tool for Improving Hospital Accountability

By early 1994, 38 states had invested in data collection, analysis, and dissemination on the use, cost, effectiveness, and performance of hospitals. States use these data to control costs, encourage prudent purchasing, monitor effectiveness and outcomes of health care, guide health policy, and promote informed decision making. Experience in several states suggests that public release of hospital-specific data influences hospital performance. The value of state data organizations' databases to address issues of quality and accountability can be strengthened by ensuring the stability and growth of statewide health information systems, supporting research on information dissemination techniques, and promoting comparisons among hospitals. Information to measure provider performance must be placed in the public domain--to help ensure prudent and cost-effective health care purchasing and to give providers comparable information for improvement of care. State-level health databases are an essential component of the information infrastructure needed to support health reform.

Career Education, Career Guidance and Curricular Choice

A research review of career education, career guidance and curricular choice in a sample of Australian secondary schools reveals an almost total lack of rationale; a lack of any coherent, planned approach; and some continuing serious confusion in the field about the actual and distinct nature of the separate but related functions of career education, career guidance and career counselling. This group of activities is also either under-resourced or not provided at all at the level of need or demand. The relationship between any form of career education processes and curricular choice structures was weak or non-existent. The interim research outcomes include recommendations for new systemic and school-based investment of specialist resources, staff and information dissemination techniques.

Methods of Making Petroleum Engineers Aware of New Technology

Abstract At the present accelerated rate of change in petroleum technology, engineers must keep up with and utilize newly-developed improved techniques. Significant contributions to petroleum engineering technology are appearing today in journals and patents of at least 20 countries. In addition, many articles published in the literature of basic science, mathematics and other engineering disciplines are analogous and pertinent to petroleum engineering. One way of coping with this large volume of information is to have qualified engineers review and evaluate each item and prepare summaries of those considered significant for distribution to other engineers. Another problem is to label such items so they can be found readily at a later date. The classification, alphabetical indexing and concept coordination systems have been used for this purpose. The latter, which has received wide acceptance, is simplified by the use of a standardized vocabulary of petroleum engineering terms and concepts. Each engineer must study, learn and use this technology to improve his performance and output. This is his responsibility to himself, his profession and his employer. Supplying engineers with such tools for current awareness and information retrieval is only the first step. Introduction Rate of Change in Petroleum TechnologyMost petroleum technology has developed during the past 25 years; in fact, over half within the past 10 years. The accelerated rate of change can be gauged by reviewing a few technological trends. Computers were introduced in the middle fifties and now, 10 years later, little is done without their assistance. This in turn has increased the use of the analytical or mathematical approach in petroleum engineering. In the United States the petroleum industry has moved offshore in its search for new reserves. This has introduced a host of new problems related to drilling, completing, servicing and producing wells in water depths exceeding 100 ft. New problems have evolved in gathering and transporting the produced hydrocarbons to shore. Robots have been introduced to replace divers for work in deep water on the ocean floor. Concentration of oil and gas reserves has shifted from the U. S. to the Middle East and North Africa. Recent slowing down in the growth rate of domestic oil demand, coupled with a brisk demand for oil and gas abroad, has resulted in internationalization of the domestic oil industry. Also, the oil industry must take into account potential competition for the energy market from nuclear energy, fuel cells and solar energy. Oil and gas can soon expect competition from hydrocarbons that were unable to compete in the past: shale oils, tar sands and viscous oils. Since new reserves have become so difficult and expensive to find in the U. S., the oil industry has shifted its attention to unexplored areas of the world and to new recovery methods for some 200 billion bbl of domestic reserves that cannot be produced by conventional techniques. These newer developments have included miscible displacement, carbon dioxide flooding, alcohol slug flooding, in situ combustion and steam injection. Why Engineers Must Keep LearningTo retain an active role in today's vigorous and dynamic petroleum industry, engineers must constantly keep learning. There is now more opportunity and challenge for technically trained personnel than ever before. Yet, due to the ever-changing technology, no engineer (BS, MS or PhD) can expect to be trained adequately for solving even a fraction of the problems he will encounter. University study gives him the necessary fundamental training for later supplemental learning in industry as specific problems arise and must be solved. In school, the engineer learns how to think, and how to improve his knowledge through self-effort. But most important is the individual's willingness to devote personal time, energy and perseverance to this important task. Professional societies and industry's management group can play an important role in the engineer's continuous training. First, these groups should motivate engineers toward continuous learning. Secondly, they can assist by placing in the engineer's hands the necessary tools, material and information for effectively pursuing new knowledge. It is the object of this paper to discuss information dissemination techniques for accomplishing this task. JPT P. 569ˆ