Information Commissioner Research Articles

Capacity Building Kelembagaan Komisi Informasi Provinsi Lampung dalam Meningkatkan Penyelenggaraan Keterbukaan Informasi Publik di Provinsi Lampung

Transparency in government management is important to continue to be improved. The existence of a good government management is the increasing of public trust through public information disclosure. The Information Commission as an implementor in the implementation of law No. 14 of 2008 on Public Information Disclosure must continue to develop the capacity of institutions in order to provide maximum performance so as to encourage the implementation of public information disclosure in Lampung Province. This research aimed to describe the institutional capacity building efforts conducted by the Lampung Provincial Information Commission as well as identify inhibitory factors in the effort. The research method used a qualitative approach. The results of the study generally showed that the Lampung Provincial Information Commission began to make institutional capacity building efforts through the development of physical resources, the development of operational processes, and the development of human resources. Overall all three aspects have gone pretty well.Aspects of physical resource development are starting to go well due to structural changes in the institution that have a good impact on other aspects. In terms of operational development, efforts are made that motivate employees through incentives, personnel addition and building good cooperation and coordination. Aspects of human resource development are trying to be built through training efforts. The obstruction factor in capacity building efforts found to be related to legal devices as well as agency budgets that are not yet fully independent.

ICO fines Ticketmaster UK Limited £1.25m for failing to protect customers’ payment details

This paper discusses the finding of the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) against Ticketmaster UK Limited (Ticketmaster), which was fined £1.25m by the ICO for failing to keep its customers’ personal data secure. The Information Commissioner determined that Ticketmaster’s failure constituted a breach of the General Data Protection Regulation. In its findings, the ICO held the company should have done more to reduce the risk of a cyber-attack, including in relation to its use of third-party JavaScript on the payment page of its website. Ticketmaster’s breach led to millions of individuals in the United Kingdom and Europe being exposed to potential fraud. The financial sanction sends a message to other organisations ‘that looking after customers’ personal data safely should be at the top of their agenda’. Ticketmaster has indicated that it will appeal the fine. This paper additionally provides some practical tips to data protection practitioners to mitigate against similar breaches.

A Critical Assessment of Blockchain’s Application in Digital Advertising

Many individuals are unaware of the complex behind the scenes processes which facilitate the delivery of digital advertisements on web pages. One such process, known as Real-Time Bidding, involves an automated auction between advertisers, executed in the time that it takes for a user to load a web page. The Real-Time Bidding supply chain is opaque, and involves a multitude of intermediaries, causing significant issues for users, advertisers, and publishers. This thesis assesses the extent to which blockchain technology is able to help alleviate these issues caused by Real-Time Bidding. It does so predominantly through the lens of a solution by Brave Software, which combines a privacy-friendly browser with a new blockchain-based utility token. The thesis focuses on the privacy rights of users, and references a 2019 study by the UK Information Commissioner’s Office which exposed widespread violations by Real-Time Bidding participants of the EU General Data Protection Regulation, and the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations that implement the EU e-Privacy Directive in the UK. The thesis finds that, as evidenced by the Brave Software solution, it is possible for blockchain to help cure the harms associated with Real-Time Bidding for advertisers, publishers, and users. That said, the adequate protection of users’ privacy rights appears to also depend on the employment of additional technologies alongside the blockchain. The thesis reaches further conclusions regarding the risks of profiling by targeted advertising algorithms such as that employed by Brave Software, and the barriers to fully decentralised blockchain solutions in the digital advertising context.

The duty to assist in Canadian Freedom of Information law

AbstractThe duty to assist is a core principle in Freedom of Information (FOI) law in Canada and elsewhere. FOI coordinators working in each Canadian government agency are responsible for implementing this duty, though they face challenges in doing so. Examining Information Commissioner rulings, we elaborate on the dimensions of duty to assist as articulated in Canadian law and policy. We argue that while attention to the duty to assist is a necessary but insufficient condition for refurbishing FOI law in Canada, improving adherence to it would enhance “internal mechanisms of administrative justice” (Adler 2003). We conclude by discussing remedies and implications for literatures on FOI, administrative justice, and due process.

The Reconstruction of Public Information Dispute Resolution as the Effort in Realizing Substantive Justice in Indonesia

The right to information is a human right as derogable right. Fulfilment of the right to information often leads to information disputes with Information and Documentation Management Officer (IDMO) as administrative officials who are given the task of managing information and documentation. Information dispute resolution becomes important to be resolved immediately because it is related to fulfilling a sense of justice and fulfilling the right to information for the community. The Establishment of the Government Administration Act (GA Act) causes the dualism of information dispute resolution. Article 53 of the GA Act will be the basis for resolving information disputes in the administrative court domain, while the Public Information Officer/PIO Act is the basis for resolving information disputes within the Information Commission domain. This dualism needs to be resolved to ensure legal certainty for the government and society as Justicia Belen. The development of dispute resolution reconstruction of information is conducted by strengthening information dispute resolution in non-litigation. Ideal information dispute resolution should be resolved first through administrative remedies (objections and administrative appeals) and through the Information Commission. The court becomes the ultimum remedium in resolving a dispute. Therefore, strengthening the Information Commission in terms of development, finance and authority is one way to strengthen the resolution of information disputes outside the court.

Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Informasi Publik di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Denpasar

The sustainability of public information is an inseparable aspect of democracy, which upholds freedom and human rights. The sustainability of public information is an important aspect in fulfilling individual rights to public information. However, in practice, the public's understanding of the dispute resolution mechanism on the Sustainability of Public Information is still low. In addition, in the implementation of this Public Information Sustainability dispute, there are still obstacles that can interfere with the implementation process. That can be in the form of the applicant's lack of interest in requesting information and the applicant's lack of understanding of the administrative process in dispute implementation. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study is to know the efforts to resolve public information disputes and practice the process of dispute resolution on the sustainability of public information. The research method used is the empirical method assisted by primary and secondary legal material sources and uses qualitative techniques, namely by describing legal data first, then analyze through analysis techniques with interpretive techniques and shed descriptively in the form of a thesis. Efforts to resolve public information disputes can be carried out through two processes, namely the non-litigation process carried out at the competent Regional Information Commission and the litigation process undertaken at the State Administrative Court if the disputing public body is a State-owned public agency or a PN if the disputing public body is said. is a private public body. In practice, the process of resolving information sustainability disputes in Indonesia still has obstacles which can be in the form of misunderstandings caused by the applicant's lack of understanding of the application mechanism or the stages of the administrative process that must be passed in filing a dispute on the sustainability of public information.

ANALISIS KINERJA KOMISI INFORMASI KABUPATEN CIREBON DALAM MENDORONG KETERBUKAAN INFORMASI PUBLIK

The establishment of the Information Commission is based on Law number 14 of 2008 on Public Information Disclosure which mandates the establishment of the Central Information Commission and Provincial Information Commission as well as the Municipal or District Information Commission if necessary. This research was conducted at the Cirebon District Information Commission. The purpose of this research is to know how the performance of information commission of Cirebon district in encouraging public information disclosure and what factors that can push and hinder the performance of information commission in encouraging public information disclosure and efforts what have been done. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection procedures used with interviews, observation, documentation. Data analysis is done by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Data validity is done with a degree of trust (triangulation). The results of research and analysis on the Performance of Cirebon District Information Commission using some indicators of research focus that researchers use, the conclusion that researchers pull is the performance performed by Cirebon District Information Commission is still not well proven from the public there are still many who do not know the existence of Information Commission and in the settlement, information disputes are still not optimal. as well as the factors that can push and obstruct the information disclosure arises from the internal itself is the scope of the secretariat of information commissions that must be improved so that the expected performance can be maximal again. Suggestions that can be given authors that until now there are many people who do not know the existence of information commissions, with conditions like this should be more informed commission information in conveying the purpose of information disclosure by conducting socialization activities to the community directly. The process of dispute resolution of information also needs to be improved by providing more maximal service again and improve existing resources, such as complementing facilities that can support the activities of the Cirebon District Information Commission.Keywords: Performance and Public Information Disclosure

More than a decade in the making: A study of the implementation of India's Right to Information Act

Abstract India’s progressive Right to Information Act (RTIA) is a global model. The RTIA was adopted a decade and a half ago to serve as a check on corruption and to advance democracy, citizen equity and public accountability. Little primary research has been conducted on the implementation of the RTIA. This research employs a socio-political and technocratic framework to study influences on RTIA implementation over time from the citizen requester ‘demand-side’ and the governmental ‘supply-side’ from an institutional development process perspective. Our constructivist approach utilizes in-depth semi-structured interviews from frequent information requesters and information commissioners (N = 114) and a new dataset of a random stratified sample of information commissioner decisions for release of information under the RTIA (N = 500). We found that political will, bureaucratic culture, and societal activism and engagement were the strongest overarching socio-political factors impacting implementation. Socio-political subfactors that appeared weak or wanting in the RTI regime were leadership, oversight, coordination, positive workplace incentives, reflexivity, and public information officer communication style with citizen requesters. Technocratic constraints, directly influenced by socio-political factors that impact implementation, included follow-through on administrative policies and rules, capacity building, monitoring, oversight, and sanctions. This study found that technocratic factors included in the institutional design of RTI legislation may not be sufficient for short-term institutional change in cultures of bureaucratic secrecy. However, coalitions of citizens, civil society organizations, media, engaged public officials, and interested politicians can drive a transparency agenda in a country when political will and bureaucratic leadership are weak.

Public Information Governance Through The Official Website to Improve The Accountability of Regional Budget Management: Case Study Jember Official Website

This research aims to describe the management of public information through the official website to improvethe accountability of regional budget management. The public information governance through the website is the government's effort to utilize technology gives public easy access to information, especially in terms of accountability in managing regional budgets. This is based on the instruction of Minister of Home Affairs No. 188.52 / 1797 / SJ on " Transparency in Regional Budget Management ".It instructs that the Regional Government is obliged to publish budget plans, work plans, budget allocations, budget realization and the report documents to the official website of the Regional Government's official website on "Transparency in Regional Budget Management "content menu. However, the empirical fact shows that the information disclosure of Regional Government in Jemberis low. Based on Penambulu’s research (2014), Jember ranks on information disclosure is 35th of 38 Regencies / Cities in East Java. This background madethe researcher to research further related to public information disclosure, especially accountability of regional budget management website based in Jember. This research use a qualitative approach with descriptive research. The research design is case studies. Data collection techniques are primary data (observation and semi-structured interviews) and secondary data (documentation). The technique of selecting informants is purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The validity testing is by extending participation, perseverance, and triangulation. Data analysis uses data reduction, data analysis, and conclusion. The results showed that the public information governance has not been optimal. There is no “Transparency in Regional Budget Management “menu on the Jemberofficial website, the low commitment of regional leaders to implement e-government, the low ability of human resources to manage information technology. Therefore, information governance through the website has not been able to increase accountability of budget management in Jember. This can be seen from: a) the website does not contain information that public needed regarding budget management in detail; b) Jember Information Commission has not yet been formed; c) The sanctions from the East Java Information Commission are only reprimands and warning letters; d) Joint accountability has not been coordinated well and the lack of authority due to the legality status of assisting public information officers(only assignment letter not decree) ; e) There is a tendency for the JemberGovernment to maintain the status quo.
 Keywords: E-Government, Accountability, Budget Management

A Review of the ICO’s Draft Guidance on the AI Auditing Framework

The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) timely call for consultation regarding their ‘Guidance on the AI auditing framework: Draft guidance for consultation’ (February 2020) is part of a growing literature concerning the governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. The ICO’s draft leads the national conversation by producing guidance that encompasses both technical (ex. system impact assessments) and non-technical (ex. human oversight) components to governance and represents a significant milestone in the movement towards standardising AI governance. Welcoming this crucial intervention, we summarise and critically evaluated each section of the draft guidance, offering feed-back in line with the call for consultation. We conclude with a note on what we anticipate will be future debates and by presenting our general recommendations. These are namely: Data and AI: explicit discussion of the relationship between data protection and how it translates into auditing of AI systems. Case studies: templates development produced through discussion in an open forum for relevant stakeholders. Risks of other Machine Learning (ML) systems: in addition to guidance on Supervised Learning further guidance would be welcome about risks presented in other forms of ML. Regression and Forecasting: discuss the metrics and methods used when an AI system is used to tackle a Regression or a Forecasting problem. Target audience: better specification (Data Scientists, DPOs, etc.) or a framework should be created where each group is targeted within a structure that integrates their respective duties.

PENGUNGKAPAN PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KEUANGAN PARTAI POLITIK

Political parties are required to make improvements in building transparency and accountability. Developing political ethics in financial management that stands on the values ​​of accountability and transparency. The purpose of this study is to determine the party's financial governance including disclosure of financial accountability. Research results obtained regarding the accountability and financial transparency of the Gerindra party began to apply according to standards. Gerindra party financial management has also begun to be accessed by all parties through the party's official website, so that in 2014 the Gerindra party was named the Public Information Category for Political Parties by the Central Information Commission (KIP) as well as the results of the Indonesia Survey Center (ISC) survey which states that Gerindra is a party which is perceived as clean of corruption cases. With this title the Gerindra Party became the political party that won the third most national votes in the 2019 general election.

Individual and Combined Associations of Fasting Serum Lipids with Incident Risk of First Ischemic Stroke: A Chinese Community-Based Nested Case-Control Study

Background: Dyslipidemia is a well-recognized risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. But its role in first ischemic stroke (IS) remains perplexing. Our study evaluated individual and combined associations of specific types of fasting blood lipids with first IS. Methods: The study sample population was drawn from a community-based cohort study of hypertension in Lianyuangang and Rongcheng, China, using a nested case-control design, including 2463 identified first IS cases and 2463 controls, matched by age±1 year, sex and region . Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confident intervals (CI) of first IS, after adjustment for pertinent covariates. Findings: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was inversely associated with first IS (adjusted OR: 0·91; 95% CI: 0·85-0·98; P=0·014). A positive association between triglycerides (TG) and first IS (aOR:1·10; 95% CI: 1·02-1·17; P=0·007) was found. There was a positive but non-significant association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and first IS (aOR:1·04; 95% CI:0·97-1·12; P=0·239). When LDL-C or TG was combined with HDL-C for analysis, a significant risk association with first IS was found among those with low HDL (< 53·0 mg/dL) and high LDL-C (≥138·1 mg/dL) (aOR: 1·66; 95%CI: 1·19-2·31; P=0·003) or those with low HDL (< 53·0 mg/dL) and high TG (≥140·8 mg/dL) (aOR: 1·47; 95%CI: 1·17-1·84; P<0·001). Interpretation: In this Chinese hypertensive population, higher HDL-C was a significant protective factor, while higher TG was a significant risk factor. And elevated LDL-C and TG were no longer associated with first IS in the presence of higher HDL-C. These results, if further confirmed, underscore the importance of optimizing HDL-C levels, likely higher than the current clinical threshold, in the primary prevention of IS. Funding: The study was funded by the following: the National Key Research and Development Program [2016YFE0205400, 2018ZX09739, 2018ZX09301034003], the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou, China [201707020010]; the Science, Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen [JSGG20170412155639040, GJHS20170314114526143, JSGG20180703155802047]; the Economic, Trade and Information Commission of Shenzhen Municipality [20170505161556110, 20170505160926390], the Jiangxi Outstanding Person Foundation [20192BCBL23024], Major projects of the Science and Technology Department, Jiangxi [20171BAB205008];the Key Disciplines Group Construction Project of Pudong Health Bureau of Shanghai (Grant No. PWZxq2017-08) and the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81601010, 81960074, 81500233). Declaration of Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, the Ethics Committee of Lianyungang Precision Health Institute, and the Ethics Committee of the Lianyungang Center for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Diseases. All participants provided written informed consent.

PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA ANTARA PEKERJA DAN PERUSAHAAN TENTANG HAK ATAS INFORMASI

The Disputes between employee s of PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) and PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Regional II Padang were happened by the failure of workers in the selection to be Head of Subdivision Post Office , in particular with the medical test. The dispute unfortunately was also escalated by the request for information disclosure which is not granted by the committee . The study aims to is address on the question on how to resolve disputes between workers and companies about the right to information on the final recruitment’s selection of employees in particular with PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Intake Program Diploma III (D-III) for head of subdivision in the p ost o ffice . Aside of that, the author also would like to know whether the legal consequences of the central information commission’s decision number: 1356/KIP-PS-A-M/2014 in resolving disputes between workers and companies on the right to information . By using the empirical juridical methods , t he result show s that the dispute between workers and PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) companies Regional II Padang can be s ettled by the C entral I nformation C ommission on M ediation and public information is a right for public as also regulated in Law No. 14 of 2008 concerning Public Information Openness.

A UK-wide British Society of Thoracic Imaging COVID-19 imaging repository and database: design, rationale and implications for education and research

A UK-wide British Society of Thoracic Imaging COVID-19 imaging repository and database: design, rationale and implications for education and research

Indonesia’s DP Bill Lacks a DPA, Despite GDPR Similarities

Indonesia’s draft Law on the Protection of Personal Data was submitted by the President to the House of Representatives in January 2020. Although the responsible Minister stated that he expected the Bill would be the first legislation to be enacted in 2020, Indonesian experts soon expect delays as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and so it has eventuated, with parliamentary consideration continuing a year later.This article analyses the Bill in the context of other Asian data privacy laws and the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The most striking aspect of the Bill is that it fails to include what is generally considered to be the essential element of a data privacy law: a separate, specialised (and usually independent) data protection authority (DPA). Instead, all enforcement powers are in the hands of the Minister of Communication and Information. There have been quite a few earlier versions of a data privacy Bill drafted by the Indonesian government, but all have involved a specialised DPA. In a recent version, the Public Information Commission was going to act as the DPA, a combination of data privacy responsibilities with Freedom of Information/Right to Information (FOI/RTI) responsibilities.Otherwise, there are many aspects of the Bill with similarities to the GDPR. Its obligations apply comprehensively, to individuals, corporations, public agencies and other institutions, and it has extra-territorial scope. Processing of personal data may only occur if it has a legitimate basis. Indonesia has adopted the term ‘personal data owner’, and gives such ‘owners’ eight types of rights with GDPR influences. Seventeen GDPR-influenced types of obligations apply to data controllers. The Bill allows exports of personal data from Indonesia in four situations, one of which involves a ‘white list’ of countries with a level of data protection to or higher than Indonesia’s law.The Bill makes a wide range of enforcement measures possible, including administrative fines and compensation, but the are all largely at the discretion of actions by the Minister, with the risk that inadequate enforcement will mean that the Bill will be ignored by both data controllers and data owners. The article concludes that Indonesia is trading influence for irrelevance, by abandoning the inclusion of a separate DPA. It could have had one of the strongest and most influential laws in Asia, but the absence of a data protection authority will mean that it does not.

The Role of PPID in Implementing Policy, Service, Publication of Public Information in State University of Medan

The Information and Documentation Management Officer (PPID) at State University of Medan was formed to answer the Minister of Research and Technology Regulation No. 75 of 2016 concerning Public Information Services in the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education. In carrying out its duties as a provider, store, document, and safeguard public information, PPID synergizes with the Cooperation and Public Relations Subdivision which routinely publishes all information through the State University of Medan official website and social media immediately. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the role of PPID in carrying out the task of implementing policies, services, and public information publications at Medan State University, as well as analyzing the obstacles encountered and providing solutions to efforts to overcome these obstacles. The method used in this research is descriptive research method. The results showed that based on observations made, it was obtained that more than 70 percent of respondents concluded that they were very satisfied with the public information services provided so far. 2. There are three main substances of the KIP laws and regulations that are used as the main reference for determining the assessment parameters that will be used as an assessment instrument. First, fulfillment of the obligation on information that must be provided and announced periodically in accordance with Article 9 of the FOI Law, which is more detailed in Article 11 of the Information Commission Regulation Number 1 of 2010 concerning Public Information Service Standards (SLIP). The review of information that must be made available and announced periodically is done by means of publication in the form of the main website of the Public Agency with instruments to fulfill the points as stipulated in the KIP laws and regulations. 3. The efforts made by PPID State University of Medan are in overcoming the obstacles faced are: a) Provision of information, b) Information services that are fast, accurate, and simple, in accordance with applicable regulations, c) Determination of operational procedures for disseminating public information, d) Testing of consequences, d) Classification of information, e) Determination of excluded information that has expired, f) Determination of consideration for each policy taken to fulfill the right of everyone to public information.

Vitamin B12 and Risk of Diabetes: New Insight from Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT)

Background: Previous studies in mostly Western populations, have yielded conflicting findings on the association of vitamin B12 with diabetes risk, in part, due to differences in study design and population characteristics. This study sought to examine the vitamin B12 – diabetes association in Chinese hypertensive adults by both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Methods: This report included a total of 16699 participants from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT), with pertinent baseline and follow-up data. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was defined as either physician-diagnosed diabetes, the use of glucose-lowering drugs, or fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7·0 mmol/L. New-onset diabetes was defined as any new case of onset diabetes during the follow-up period or fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7·0 mmol/L at the exit visit. Findings: At baseline, there were 1872 (11 ·2%) diabetic patients; less than 1·5% had clinical B12 deficiency (<148·0 pmol/L). Over a median follow-up period of 4·5 years, there were 1589 (10·7%) cases of new-onset diabetes. Cross-sectional analyses showed a positive association between baseline vitamin B12 levels and FBG levels (β=0·18, 95%CI [0·15, 0·21], p <0·001) and diabetes (OR=1·42, 95%CI [1·33, 1·51], p <0·001). However, longitudinal analyses showed no association between baseline vitamin B12 and new-onset diabetes (OR=1·01, 95%CI [0·94, 1·09] , p = 0·734) or changes in FBG levels (β= -0·02, 95%CI [-0·05, 0·01], p =0·154). Among a subset of the sample (N=4366) with both baseline and exit B12 measurements, we analyzed the relationship between the change in B12 levels and the change in FBG levels from the baseline to the exit visit, and found a positive association between an increase in B12 and an increase in FBG. Interpretation: In this large Chinese hypertensive population mostly sufficient with vitamin B12, parallel cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses provided new insight into the conflicting findings of previous studies, and these results underscore the need for future studies to consider both baseline vitamin B12 and its longitudinal trajectory in order to better elucidate the role of vitamin B12 in the development of diabetes. Such findings, if further confirmed, would have important clinical and public health implications. Funding Statement: The China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT) was jointly supported by Shenzhen AUSA Pharmed (Shenzhen, China) and national, provincial and private funding, including from the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 program; grant no. 2102 CB517703); the National Science and Technology Major Projects Specialized for “Innovation and Development of Major New Drugs” during the 12th Five-year Plan Period: the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (grant no. zx09101105), a Clinical Center grant (no. zx09401013); the Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 81473052, 81441091, and 81402735); the National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Nanfang Medical University, Guangzhou, China; the State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital; and research grants from the Department of Development and Reform, Shenzhen Municipal Government (grant no. SFG 20201744). Declaration of Interests: Dr. Xiping Xu reports grants from the National Key Research and Development Program [2016YFE0205400, 2018ZX09739010, 2018ZX09301034003], the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou, China [201707020010], the Science, Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen [JSGG20170412155639040, GJHS20170314114526143, JSGG20180703155802047], the Economic, Trade and Information Commission of Shenzhen Municipality [20170505161556110, 20170505160926390]. Dr. Youbao Li reports grants from the President Foundation of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University [2017C007, 2018Z009]. Dr. Xianhui Qin reports grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [81730019, 81973133], Outstanding Youths Development Scheme of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University [2017J009]. Dr. Huiyuan Guo reports grants from the 111 project from the Education Ministry of China [No. B18053]. Dr. Xiao Huang reports grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [81960074, 81500233], Jiangxi Outstanding Person Foundation [20192BCBL23024], Major projects of the Science and Technology Department, Jiangxi [20171BAB205008] No other disclosures were reported. Ethics Approval Statement: The parent study (the CSPPT) was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Federal-wide Assurance Number: FW1263). All participants provided written, informed consent.

Analisis Pencapaian PPID Provinsi DKI Jakarta Dalam Meraih Penghargaan Keterbukaan Informasi Publik Tahun 2019

A good government is one who applied transparency and accountability in their administration. This is similar to Indonesian law no. 14 of 2008 about Public Information Openness. This law has become an obligation for every government organization, including provincial government of DKI Jakarta. In 2019, DKI Jakarta has received an award from Information Commission by being one of the most government organizations that applied Public Information Openness. Moreover, DKI Jakarta has experienced being the most requested of any public informations. This research intends to find out what has provincial government of DKI Jakarta done until they reach the award. The result of this analysis is even though DKI Jakarta has reach its succeed, there is few things that needs to be considered, so that it can be evaluated by DKI Jakarta itself or any other provincial government, along with the goals that all of the governments will always apply and support Public Information Openness.

Who Regulates the Regulators? The Information Commissioner's Office

The Information Commissioner has wide-ranging functions and powers, which are not necessarily parameterised clearly in the relevant legislation. Its reporting shows little evidence that objectives are being met or even measured, and there is no a forum for a detailed examination of its actions at technical and legal levels. The current data protection regime is not working as had been foreseen by the European Commission: costs to businesses have been much greater than expected and accompanied by negative effects on competition and investment. Many businesses are not fully compliant and some consider full compliance impossible. There is insufficient oversight and review of fines and enforcement actions taken by the Information Commissioner. Challenging a decision is costly, and the fines that can be levied are out of all proportion to the harm or loss caused. The Information Commissioner can issue guidance that is of uncertain legal effect, but has serious consequences – and does so without producing impact assessments. This has negative consequences for the rule of law and accountability. The ICO is well-regarded internationally and by business organisations for its role in data protection law and policy, but there are reforms that could usefully be made to improve its accountability and effectiveness and maintain its independence.

Explaining Decisions Made With AI: A Review of the Co-Badged Guidance by the ICO and the Turing Institute

Co-badged by the Information Commissioner's Office and The Alan Turing Institute, ‘Explaining decisions made with AI ’ (2020) is an expansive excursion into the practical translation of calls for accountability and transparency in organisations that use AI systems. The report aims to give organisations practical advice to help explain the processes, services and decisions delivered or assisted by AI, to the individuals affected by them. The guidance is divided into three sections, namely: Part 1 The basics of explaining AI; Part 2 Explaining AI in practice; and, Part 3 Explaining AI means for an organisation. Our paper aims to, i. provides commentary on the report, both general and section specific, and ii. provides a summary/condensed version of the report itself. Our high-level feedback is: i. Ope-rationalization: The guidance is directed at practitioners, but it is unclear how these can be ope-rationalized; ii. Innovation: The recommendations of the guidance will affect decisions on model development and use. Emphasizing less a family of models (‘white-box’) and moving towards a stronger principles-based approach would have been beneficial for rapid testing and innovation; and, iii. Streamline the guidance: there is much redundancy in the text, we would recommend streamlining Parts 1 and 2 and integrating them into a general ‘explanation of explaining AI systems’ discussion. Part 3 could be restructured as a mapping of responsibilities in the explanation matrix and roles in an organisation, including a hierarchy of accountability.