Information Barriers Research Articles

Using a Device-Free Wi-Fi Sensing System to Assess Daily Activities and Mobility in Low-Income Older Adults: Protocol for a Feasibility Study

Background Older adults belonging to racial or ethnic minorities with low socioeconomic status are at an elevated risk of developing dementia, but resources for assessing functional decline and detecting cognitive impairment are limited. Cognitive impairment affects the ability to perform daily activities and mobility behaviors. Traditional assessment methods have drawbacks, so smart home technologies (SmHT) have emerged to offer objective, high-frequency, and remote monitoring. However, these technologies usually rely on motion sensors that cannot identify specific activity types. This group often lacks access to these technologies due to limited resources and technology experience. There is a need to develop new sensing technology that is discreet, affordable, and requires minimal user engagement to characterize and quantify various in-home activities. Furthermore, it is essential to explore the feasibility of developing machine learning (ML) algorithms for SmHT through collaborations between clinical researchers and engineers and involving minority, low-income older adults for novel sensor development. Objective This study aims to examine the feasibility of developing a novel channel state information–based device-free, low-cost Wi-Fi sensing system, and associated ML algorithms for localizing and recognizing different patterns of in-home activities and mobility in residents of low-income senior housing with and without mild cognitive impairment. Methods This feasibility study was conducted in collaboration with a wellness care group, which serves the healthy aging needs of low-income housing residents. Prior to this feasibility study, we conducted a pilot study to collect channel state information data from several activity scenarios (eg, sitting, walking, and preparing meals) using the proposed Wi-Fi sensing system continuously over a week in apartments of low-income housing residents. These activities were videotaped to generate ground truth annotations to test the accuracy of the ML algorithms derived from the proposed system. Using qualitative individual interviews, we explored the acceptability of the Wi-Fi sensing system and implementation barriers in the low-income housing setting. We use the same study protocol for the proposed feasibility study. Results The Wi-Fi sensing system deployment began in November 2022, with participant recruitment starting in July 2023. Preliminary results will be available in the summer of 2025. Preliminary results are focused on the feasibility of developing ML models for Wi-Fi sensing–based activity and mobility assessment, community-based recruitment and data collection, ground truth, and older adults’ Wi-Fi sensing technology acceptance. Conclusions This feasibility study can make a contribution to SmHT science and ML capabilities for early detection of cognitive decline among socially vulnerable older adults. Currently, sensing devices are not readily available to this population due to cost and information barriers. Our sensing device has the potential to identify individuals at risk for cognitive decline by assessing their level of physical function by tracking their in-home activities and mobility behaviors, at a low cost. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/53447

Mental health care-seeking and barriers: a cross-sectional study of an urban Latinx community

BackgroundThe Latinx community faces an increasing amount of mental health challenges and disparities in care. While the contributing factors are complex, there are likely potential barriers related to connecting with mental health support and accessing care that can be addressed.MethodsTo investigate barriers in connecting to mental health care, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of mental health service use and barriers in an urban community with a primarily Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity using a modified random walk approach for door-to-door data collection with a two-cluster sampling frame. Survey included questions on socio-demographic, mental health status, desire and attempt to seek care, and the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation. Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) identified impactful barriers and demographic characteristics. Our primary outcome was the number of respondents who saw a professional in the past 12 months and the key determinants that enabled their successful connection. Secondary outcomes were people with poor mental health who had wanted or tried to seek any source of mental health support.ResultsOf the 1004 respondents enrolled, 70.5% were foreign born; 63.4% were women. In the past 12 months, 23.8% of respondents wanted to connect with mental health care; 15.5% tried to connect, and only 11.7% successfully connected to mental health services. The two most cited barriers had the highest SHAP values: concerns about treatments available (65%) and financial costs (62.7%). Additional barriers with high SHAP values: being seen as weak and having no one to help them find care. Of demographic characteristics, age had the highest SHAP values.ConclusionIn a community with a high density of Latinx immigrants, just under half of respondents wanting mental health care successfully connected. Perceived informational, financial, and stigma-related barriers impacted the likelihood to connect with mental health care. These factors should be considered when designing programs and interventions to improve mental health care access and services in the Latinx community.

Rural-Urban Disparities in Mobile Health Application Ownership and Utilization Among Cancer Survivors

Objective: Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) can provide health care and health-promoting information while contributing to improving cancer survivors’ quality of life and health outcomes. However, little is known about the rural-urban distribution of mHealth app ownership and utilization. In this study, we explore the characteristics of cancer survivors who own and use mHealth apps and examine rural-urban disparities in mHealth app ownership and utilization among cancer survivors. Methods: We utilized data from the “Health Information National Trends Survey–Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results” pilot study, fielded among cancer survivors from 3 U.S. cancer registries (Iowa, New Mexico, and California) in 2021. Our sample included 942 cancer survivors who reported owning a smart device (a smartphone and/or a tablet computer). The analyses included computing weighted proportions and fitting a multivariable regression model. Results: Overall, 60.3% of cancer survivors reported using mHealth apps, and 16.9% resided in rural areas. Approximately 45.0% of rural cancer survivors reported utilizing mHealth apps (vs 63.5% of urban survivors). Regression analysis revealed that rural cancer survivors had 46.0% lower odds of owning and using mHealth apps compared with their urban counterparts (adjusted odds ratio = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.80). Conclusions: Rural cancer survivors were less likely to own and use mHealth apps compared with urban survivors. Rural cancer survivors usually face structural and health care system-related barriers to health care access and affordability. Leveraging mHealth technology as a tool could potentially contribute to improving health care delivery for rural cancer survivors, and help address existing structural and informational barriers to access.

Silver Rainbows in The Information Society: Aging-Related Information Needs and Barriers of LGBT+ Older Adults

Abstract Society is experiencing a global shift in which older people now outnumber children five years and younger in many countries. This demographic aging has profound implications for library and information professionals, and yet research into the information needs of older adults – especially from diverse backgrounds – remains underdeveloped. This study seeks to help address this gap by studying the aging-related information needs and barriers of LGBT+ older adults. Interviews with 25 LGBT+ older adults in East Tennessee were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify five need (e.g., culturally competent care, LGBT+ specific services, social support, planning, and caregiver services) and seven barrier (e.g., stigma, discrimination, fewer personal resources, identity concealment, staff limitations, personality, ageism and elder abuse) themes. Beyond the aging focus, the study brings attention to the need for more research on intersectional populations in general and offers one of the first – perhaps only – studies of the information needs of LGBT+ older adults. It also presents a challenge to librarians and other information professionals in considering how to fight inequities for intersectional populations. Future research will consider how to meet needs and address the barriers LGBT+ older adults face.

The Urgency of Free Trade Agreements (FTA) and Digital Platforms for MSMEs in Realizing a Sustainable Digital Economy

Free Trade Areas (FTAs) offer significant opportunities for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) by providing access to international markets without tariff barriers. However, MSMEs often face challenges such as limited understanding of FTA regulations and difficulties in accessing global markets. This article discusses the need to develop a global digital marketplace platform specifically designed for MSMEs with FTA integration to address these challenges. The study uses a qualitative approach, analyzing relevant journals and articles to identify the needs of MSMEs and how digital platforms can support them in maximizing the benefits of FTAs. The discussion aims to provide solutions to market access limitations and information barriers, contributing to the growth and innovation of MSMEs towards a more inclusive and sustainable digital economy.

Barriers and Facilitators for Help-Seeking Behaviors in British South Asian Women Who Have Experienced Domestic Violence: A Qualitative Study

The aim of this study is to identify the barriers and facilitators for help-seeking behaviors among British South Asian (BSA) women. A cross-sectional qualitative method was applied, among 15 BSA women who have experienced domestic violence (DV). Five overarching themes emerged: survivors’ lack of recognition and realization of abuse, fear of the negative effects of abuse, informal help-seeking support and barriers, formal help-seeking support and barriers, and advice from survivors for developing help-seeking opportunities. These barriers and facilitators were linked to intersectional socialization, which have influenced the help-seeking behaviors of BSA women. This study can be helpful for researchers, policymakers, and service providers in understanding the complications in terms of help-seeking behaviors and facilitators for BSA women who experience DV and to develop culturally appropriate interventions to inspire effective help-seeking strategies for South Asian women who experience DV.

Price Sensitivity and Information Barriers to the Take-Up of Naloxone

We conducted a field experiment that randomized advertisements, advertisement content, and prices across 2,204 counties in the United States to study the impacts on online purchases of naloxone, an opioid overdose reversal drug. Advertising increased web-site users but only impacted purchases when combined with a price reduction. Messages emphasizing the discreet nature of online sales had no additional impact on purchases. Comparing counties with advertisements featuring a highly discounted price to those featuring the full price, we estimate a price elasticity of demand for online naloxone of −1.3. Price is a significant barrier to online purchases of this lifesaving medication. (JEL C93, H75, I12, I18, L65, M37)

Can money buy peace? Efficiency of side‐payments to avoid costly conflicts

AbstractOn the basis of a simple two‐player bargaining game model, we investigate whether a side‐payment strategy can be used to avoid costly conflicts caused by informational barriers. Assuming that utility is transferable with zero transaction cost, we demonstrate that a side‐payment not only provides the incentives to play a peaceful strategy but also contributes to overcoming informational barriers as credible signals. In addition, we show that when actions are strategic complements, a dovish player pays a larger side‐payment while a hawkish pays a higher side‐payment if actions are strategic substitutes. When negotiating parties are homogeneous with actions being either strategic complements or substitutes for both players, it is more likely that informational barriers can be removed with a higher probability of peace equilibrium. When players are asymmetric with one player's actions being strategic complements while the other player's being strategic substitutes, informational barriers might not be removed with higher chances of costly conflicts.

Cultural filters in processing information on COVID vaccines among minoritized groups in London, UK

Abstract Introduction Vaccination coverage among minoritized groups, including migrants, is low in the United Kingdom. Cultural factors are often cited as barriers, yet the broader impact of minoritization on vaccine acceptance remains understudied. We explored the intersection of culture with individual, familial, and systemic factors in shaping trust and perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines in East London, UK. Methods We conducted focus group discussions (n = 6) and interviews (n = 19) with individuals from minoritized backgrounds in East London to elicit their perceptions and experiences of COVID-19 and the vaccination programme. Thematic analysis was used to identify individual, social, and systemic factors influencing the processing of perceived value of information on COVID vaccines. Findings Culture was rarely cited as an explicit barrier to vaccine uptake. Instead, participants’ linked their perceived vulnerability and immunity to COVID-19 with age, sex and health status. Information about COVID vaccines was processed and acted upon in the context of gendered family dynamics and support. Community identity, gatekeepers and social networks further influenced the perceived legitimacy of information received. Some participants voiced how their minoritized status shaped trust/mistrust in the national health system’s and government’s delivery of the COVID-19 information and vaccination campaigns Conclusions Unpacking cultural filters is crucial for addressing vaccine-related information barriers in minoritized groups. Going beyond mere language translation, tailored communication materials should address social enablers and systemic barriers. Further, closer collaboration between community gatekeepers and healthcare professionals to facilitate optimal use of these materials is needed to improve vaccine uptake. Key messages • Culture should not be assumed to be the main factor contributing to non-adherence and non-uptake of public health vaccine. • Vaccine uptake can be improved by healthcare workers and key community gate-keepers working collaboratively with minoritized groups.

Extreme Heat and Air Quality: Community Leader Perspectives on Information Barriers and Opportunities in Two Environmental Justice Communities.

Extreme heat and air pollution exposure are leading causes of adverse cardiorespiratory health outcomes. Exposure reduction strategies are often focused at the local level. This study examined critical challenges community leaders face in understanding and sharing environmental exposure and health information. We conducted interviews with 19 community leaders of two urban environmental justice communities in Massachusetts, United States. Using directed content analysis, we examined air quality and heat perceptions, information and data resources, and barriers to understanding and communicating relevant local information. Participants shared concerns about both poor air quality and extreme heat. They also expressed the opinion that exposure risk information about these topics is siloed; heat and air quality data can be hard to access, interpret, and effectively communicate with community members. Solutions recommended by participants included community engagement, open-data portals, and creative science communication. Increasing sustainable collaborations among academic, government, healthcare, and nonprofit sectors is recommended.

The Potential of AI in Information Provision in Energy-Efficient Renovations: A Narrative Review of Literature

<p>Energy-efficient renovation (EER) is a complex process essential for reducing emissions in the built environment. This research identifies homeowners as the main decision-makers, whereas intermediaries and social interactions between peers are highly influential in home renovations. It investigates information and communication barriers encountered during the initial phases of EERs. The study reviews AI tools developed within the EERs domain to assess their capabilities in overcoming these barriers and identifies areas needing improvement. This research examines stakeholders, barriers, and the AI tools in the literature for EERs. The discussion compares the functionalities of these tools against stakeholder needs and the challenges they face. Findings show that tools often overlook methodologies in human–computer interaction and the potential of textual and visual AI methods. Digital tool development also lacks insights from social science and user feedback, potentially limiting the practical impact of these innovations. This article contributes to the EERs literature by proposing an AI-supported framework and outlining potential research areas for future exploration, particularly improving tool effectiveness and stakeholder engagement to scale up the EER practice.</p>

Medical silos, social identity, and duty of care: A call for health leaders to improve transitions of care.

This article explores the concept of medical silos, particularly within hospital systems, and examines their deeper roots in social identity and the fiduciary duty of care of healthcare providers. While traditional perspectives focus on informational and communication barriers, this analysis highlights how professional identity and moral obligations contribute to the persistence of silos. Social identity theory reveals that strong in-group affiliations, formed during medical training and specialization, fosters collaboration within groups but also create divisions between them. Similarly, the fiduciary duty of care, central to ethical medical practice, may inadvertently reinforce silo boundaries in resource-limited environments. By emphasizing the role of centralized leadership, the article proposes that health system managers and leaders, with the broadest possible duty of care, must take action to dismantle these barriers. Recommendations include re-evaluating policies for patient transitions and fostering integrated care pathways to improve overall system flow, rather than simply balancing the agendas of stakeholders within their silos.

Investigating Mobility, Place, and Information Access Through an Ethnographic Study of Vehicle Residents’ Information Practices in the United States

Throughout the United States, an approximated one million people currently inhabit vehicles parked in publicly accessible areas as their primary method of housing. This dissertation explores vehicle residents’ information seeking practices and barriers to information access. Library and Information science (LIS) research has not developed theory related to place, mobility, and information access, despite living in a hyper-mobile world. LIS primarily centers online information behaviors, limiting potential impact on larger populations that face unique barriers to information access. While some studies constructed theory to address the function of place in information behavior, few interrogate how place and mobility impact information access despite geographic mobility serving important functions in various theory constructions. To address the importance of place and mobility in the context of information access, I conducted a multi-method, ethnographic study. Completing two rounds of deeply embedded fieldwork from June-October 2023 in Santa Cruz, California (CA) and from January-February 2024 along the Southern CA and Arizona (AZ) border, I used participant observation, information horizon interviews, and guided tours and photographs of participant’s vehicles to explore vehicle residents’ information practices and information source preferences. I determined my key findings in Spring 2024; they reveal that participants experience micro-fractures in their information landscapes when moving through new information environments. Identifying vehicle residents’ information practices and most used information sources can help public libraries and other information institutions implement improved support services for this growing population as public libraries are well positioned to bolster information access on behalf of its communities.

Behavioral Economics Strategies to Improve Medication Adherence in Diabetes

Nowadays, diabetes has become an international challenge. In spite of the great technological advances in human society compared to a few decades ago, a cure for this disease has never been discovered. Hundreds of millions of patients are suffering from it, and in order to enable diabetics to keep their condition as stable as possible, this paper examines how to enhance patients' medication adherence from the perspective of behavioral economics. After reclassification of the influencing factors through tables such as pivot tables, among the data of 1127 patients selected who required long-term medication, 559 were affected by Convergence and Avoidance of Harm and were reluctant to take medication. Another 231 participants suffered from cognitive bias. A further 165 patients made irrational calculations about whether or not to take their medication. The remaining patients were influenced by some objective factors. Based on the analysis of the distinct causes of medication non-adherence in diabetic patients, it was found that this could be tackled by allowing patients to be more informed about their condition, improving access to education in order to break down information barriers, increasing the presence of family and friends, and illustrating the cost of treatment with the help of visualization tools. Beyond financial and dietary approaches, these facilitation methods could nudge as much to stabilize patients' medication-taking behaviors.

Facilitators and barriers of adherence to rectal interventions by parents of young children with functional constipation: a qualitative study.

Functional constipation in children is a worldwide problem that impacts both children's gastrointestinal function and the quality of family life. The treatment of this condition often depends on parental involvement to administer rectal interventions to their children to stimulate defecation. However, adherence to rectal interventions is currently suboptimal. We sought to explore the factors that facilitate and hinder parents from adherence to rectal interventions. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted involving semi-structured interviews with parents of infants and young children with functional constipation requiring rectal interventions from March to May 2023. The data were analyzed using content analysis. Fourteen parents participated in the study. Parents reported the main facilitators of adherence to prescribed rectal interventions as recognition of illness severity, support from family and friends, and medical resource support and e-health literacy. Parents reported the primary barriers as information barriers, family conflict, cognitive misalignment, and difficulties in accessing healthcare services. Rectal interventions are often essential in managing constipation in young children, with parental compliance being crucial for effective treatment. Healthcare providers must consider the psychosocial aspects of parents' perceptions, adhere to guidelines to standardize communication, and ensure comprehensive education to improve medication literacy.

Connecting the experiences of persons with disabilities and social workers in Nigerian care institutions regarding COVID-19 vaccine uptake: a qualitative descriptive-interpretive design.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, persons with disabilities (PWDs) have faced additional disadvantages that have exacerbated their physical and mental health challenges. In Nigeria, where cultural, religious, and informational barriers persist, understanding these factors is critical for improving health interventions, including vaccine uptake among PWDs. This study employed a qualitative descriptive-interpretive design to explore the perceptions of PWDs regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and the vaccine, alongside social workers' views on their roles in facilitating vaccine uptake. We conducted in-depth semi-structured telephone interviews with 20 participants, comprising 16 PWDs and four social workers in Nigerian rehabilitation homes. Data were analyzed using critical thematic analysis to identify key themes influencing attitudes toward the pandemic and vaccine uptake. The study uncovered significant barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among PWDs, primarily driven by mistrust in government initiatives, widespread conspiracy theories, and deeply held cultural and religious beliefs. Additionally, while social workers played crucial roles as community surveillance officers, in-house educators, and community referral agents, their interventions lacked specific strategies aimed at increasing vaccine uptake among PWDs. Their efforts were more focused on addressing the psychological impacts of the pandemic rather than fostering behavioral changes toward vaccine acceptance. To enhance COVID-19 vaccine uptake among PWDs in Nigerian rehabilitation homes, targeted interventions that address the identified barriers are essential. These should include trust-building measures, culturally and religiously sensitive communication strategies, and tailored educational programs by social workers. Moreover, training social workers in specific, evidence-based strategies to increase vaccine uptake is crucial for mitigating the pandemic's impact on this vulnerable population.

Double-edged sword of industrial internet of things: Empirical evidence from green transformation of enterprises

The industrial revolution based on the Internet of Things brings new opportunities and challenges for enterprises' green and sustainable development. Therefore, this study explores the relationship between the Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) and the Green Transformation of Enterprises (GT) based on the data of China's A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2023 using two-way fixed, mediated effect, and moderated effect models. The results show that for every unit increase in IIOT, the GT increases by 28.89 percent on average, indicating that IIOT can break down information barriers and effectively promote GT. However, after disaggregating the GT, it was found that the IIOT guided companies to implement the Symbolic Green Transformation (SGT) instead of adopting the Realistic Green Transformation (RGT). This strategic choice preference is more pronounced among firms that are larger, in energy-intensive industries, in regions with weaker environmental regulations and higher levels of development. The intermediary mechanism test proved that the IIOT can drive firms to implement comprehensive GT through paths that enhance investment attractiveness, productivity, technological innovation, and pay gaps. In particular, the masking effect reminds us that smart technology is a “double-edged sword”. The negative effects of smart technologies hinder the implementation of RGT. Further analysis reveals an inverted U-shaped relationship between IIOT and RGT preferences. In addition, in companies that focus on Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) performance and avoid financial speculation, the dark side of intelligent technology is suppressed. The findings of this study enrich the research scope of smart technology, GT, and provide important insights for enterprises in emerging economies to rationally utilize IIOT to seek green and sustainable development under the wave of rapid development of smart technology.

Unveiling the shadows: a qualitative exploration of barriers to rooftop solar photovoltaic adoption in residential sectors

Abstract In the face of global climate change, the urgent shift towards renewable energy sources such as solar power is vital for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fostering a sustainable future, presenting a universal challenge and opportunity for energy policy worldwide. India’s adoption of rooftop solar photovoltaic is pivotal due to its vast solar potential, which aligns with national goals to increase renewable energy capacity, reduce carbon emissions, and achieve energy security. Kerala’s geographical location offers abundant solar potential, making it a prime candidate for the adoption of rooftop solar photovoltaic systems. Coupled with the state’s strong commitment to renewable energy initiatives such as the ambitious “SOURA” (solar subsidy program by the Kerala State Electricity Board) project and various incentives for solar adoption, Kerala stands at the forefront of India’s transition towards sustainable energy solutions. Understanding the barriers to rooftop solar photovoltaic adoption in Kerala is crucial for tailoring effective policies and strategies that address specific hindrances from economic constraints to informational gaps. This study employs a qualitative research method to identify the barriers to rooftop solar photovoltaic adoption among households in Kerala. Through face-to-face interviews with a purposively selected sample of 52 households, the research aims to gain in-depth insights into the multifaceted challenges hindering the widespread adoption of solar energy in residential settings. The findings reveal several key barriers: financial barriers, informational barriers, technical barriers, regulatory barriers, social barriers, and psychological barriers. Sentiment analysis indicates that while there is a predominantly positive attitude towards solar photovoltaic adoption, there are significant concerns that still need to be addressed. Addressing these barriers with targeted policy interventions and public awareness campaigns could significantly enhance the adoption of rooftop solar photovoltaic systems in Kerala.

Academic Essay On Equitable Access To Mental Health Services In Brazil

Equitable access to mental health services in Brazil faces complex and interconnected challenges. Among the main issues are regional inequalities, socioeconomic barriers, and the stigma associated with mental disorders. Regional inequality results in significant differences in the quality and availability of mental health services between urban and rural areas. While large cities such as São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro have advanced infrastructure and qualified professionals, rural areas and urban outskirts suffer from a lack of resources and professionals, limiting access to necessary care. Socioeconomic barriers also play a crucial role. Low-income populations face additional difficulties, such as lack of transportation and inadequate health insurance, which restrict access to mental health services. The lack of information and the stigmatization of mental disorders worsen the situation, discouraging individuals from seeking treatment due to fear of discrimination and prejudice. To address these challenges, it is essential to adopt integrated strategies. Expanding mental health infrastructure in underserved areas and creating integrated care networks are fundamental. Public policies should reduce socioeconomic inequalities by providing financial support and improving transportation. Awareness campaigns about mental health can overcome informational barriers and stigma. Continuous training of health professionals and community participation are also crucial to ensure inclusive and locally adapted care. With a coordinated effort, it is possible to promote more just and comprehensive access to mental health services in Brazil.

Comorbidities and confusion: addressing COVID-19 vaccine access and information challenges.

Early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, evidence emerged that individuals with chronic and immunocompromising conditions faced increased risk of severe infection, including death. The Australian Government and public health authorities prioritised these citizens' access to vaccines, including them in phase 1b of the rollout from 22 March 2021. Given the rapidly evolving knowledge and advice, we sought to understand what people with comorbidities understood about their eligibility, where they obtained information, and their experiences interfacing with the program. Through the mixed methods project Coronavax, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with eight West Australians aged under 60 who signed up to the study's webpage and declared comorbidities pertinent to serious COVID-19 complications. Interviews were conducted during January-April 2022, audio-recorded, transcribed in full, and analysed in NVivo 20 using inductive methods. We validated participants' accounts of state government actions with a representative in person and in writing. We identified access and informational barriers - and a lack of understanding - about vaccine eligibility amongst West Australians with comorbidities. Amid a rapidly changing landscape of knowledge with subsequent policy implications, this group received insufficient information for their needs for understanding their place in the immunisation program. Fast-changing knowledge about vaccines creates communication challenges for government and health professionals. We identify an urgent need to develop, pilot, and evaluate strategies for providing vaccination information in routine and pandemic settings.