Information And Communication Technology Components Research Articles

Green ICT Methodology for Energy Consumption Calculation in ICT Architecture Components

As the usage of information and communication technology (ICT) solution have been exploded in the last decades, the research community exhibits a deficiency in terms of methodologies for accurately quantifying the energy consumption of individual ICT components. This paper presents a novel methodology aimed at addressing the existing research gap by offering a comprehensive analysis of energy consumption ranges for ICT components, measured in Watt. The methodology being proposed involves the classification of ICT components into distinct classes, namely sensors, gateways, servers-platforms, and databases, while these classes are further subdivided into sub-classes. The calculation of energy consumption places emphasis on particular components within each sub-class, encompassing CPUs, RAM, GPUs, hard drives, network switches, cooling systems, and communication units. Compared with existing green ICT standards where mainly focused on strategy-related recommendations, the methodology utilises manufacturers’ specifications for standard operational procedures in order to compute energy consumption. The objective of the methodology is to extend the current research and provide countable energy consumption attributes of various component types, that are used in the ICT architecture, supporting the decision-making process of architects regarding environmentally sustainable and high-performance device selection. This study concludes with the development of a tree diagram for calculating the energy consumption of an ICT system.

Quantifying the resilience of ICT-enabled grid services in cyber-physical energy system

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is vital for the operation of modern power systems, giving rise to Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPESs). ICT enables the grid services (GSs) needed for monitoring and controlling the physical parameters of the power system, especially for remedying the impact of disturbances. But the ICT integration makes the overall system more complex, leading to new and unforeseen disturbances. This motivates the need for a resilient system design capable of absorbing and recovering from such disturbances. The current state of the art lacks a comprehensive resilience assessment of ICT-enabled GSs in CPESs. To address this, a novel method and metrics to assess the resilience of GSs in CPESs are presented in this paper. An operational state model of a GS, with three states, i.e., normal, limited and failed, is used to capture its performance, which is essential for quantifying its resilience. Sequential Monte Carlo simulations are performed with the model to capture the behaviour of ICT components to compute the operational state trajectory of the GSs. Metrics are then derived to quantify the resilience and its constituting phases. The method is demonstrated using two ICT system designs for the CIGRE MV benchmark grid, considering the state estimation as an exemplary GS. The simulation results show that the proposed method can capture the differences between ICT system designs with regard to resilience metrics. The contribution can, therefore, be used to analyse, compare and potentially improve the resilience of ICT system designs for CPES.

Comparative environmental impact assessment of ICT for smart charging of electric vehicles in Germany

This study examines the environmental first-order effects of information and communication technologies (ICT) required for private smart charging of electric vehicles (EV) in Germany. With the focus on CO2-optimized charging, the environmental assessment compares bidirectional (V2G) and unidirectional (V1G) smart charging infrastructure to direct (uncontrolled) charging on a household level. Specifically, the applied life cycle assessment (LCA) investigates the production, transportation, operation and end-of-life phases of intelligent metering systems (iMSys) as well as private wallboxes operating with direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). First, the technical prerequisites for smart and direct charging are outlined, with differences for direct charging depending on the household’s total electricity consumption. Secondly, the LCA shows an impact of 145.4 kg CO2-eq. per vehicle and year for V2G infrastructure by 2020, being 84 % higher than V1G (79 kg). The impact of direct charging infrastructure is significantly lower with 45.2 – 57.5 kg CO2-eq. per year. Due to the power consumption during the operation phase, the AC and DC wallboxes contribute most with 77% (V2G) and 57% (V1G) of the impact, respectively. Assuming ongoing decarbonization of the annual average German emission factor of electricity, the total impact of private charging infrastructure can be reduced by up to 56 % (V2G) and 67 % (V1G) by 2040. Next to the high energy efficiency of components, manufacturers should focus on a sustainable design of components including longevity. Overall, the environmental impact of the ICT infrastructure for smart charging is highly dependent on the charging strategy as it determines the annual duration of charging and discharging. Suggested further research involves investigations on first-order effects associated with other smart charging strategies (e.g. peak shaving), suitable allocation methods for multifunctional ICT components (e.g. iMSys), along with an assessment of higher-order effects such as energy system-wide environmental consequences.

Digital transformation with enterprise architecture for smarter cities: a qualitative research approach

PurposeSmart city services are supported by information and communication technologies (ICT) referred to as digital technologies which increasingly promise huge opportunities for growth but are faced with system alignment and data integration issues when providing digital services. Therefore, this study aims to use enterprise architecture (EA) in digital transformation of cities by developing an architecture to address system alignment and data integration in digital transformation of cities.Design/methodology/approachQualitative method is applied to evaluate the presented architecture based on electric-mobility (e-mobility) scenario, and data was collected using case study via interviews from a municipality in Norway to validate the applicability of EA for digital transformation of city services.FindingsFindings from the interviews were represented in ArchiMate language to model the digital transformation of e-mobility in smart cities. Findings suggest that the architecture serves as a guide to recommend urban administrators of the potential of EA and digital transformation in addressing system alignment and data integration issues in smart cities.Research limitations/implicationsData used in this study is from a single case, hence there is a need to evaluate the application of EA for digital transformation of city services with data collected from multi-cases.Practical implicationsThis study adopts enterprise architecture approach to support city transformation as it has been widely applied by institutions to align business and ICT components.Social implicationsThis study provides implication on how municipalities can use EA and digital transformations towards a sustainable smart city.Originality/valueAn architecture is presented that can be used as a guide to help urban developers and designers in deploying sustainable transport policies for smart cities. Additionally, EA is used to foster digitalization towards achieving system alignment and data integration in cities to support urban environment as they digitally transform services provided to citizens.

The Challenges of Software Cybersecurity Certification [Building Security In

In 2019, the new European Union (EU) cybersecurity regulation "Cybersecurity Act" ("CSA")¹ entered into force to create a common framework for the certification of any information and communication technology (ICT) system, including products, services, and processes. The main purpose of this framework is to reduce the current fragmentation of cybersecurity certification schemes2 as well as to increase end users? trust in a hyperconnected society3 by fostering a mutual recognition of certified ICT components in any EU country.

Labor Productivity in the Digital Era: A Spatial-Temporal Analysis

This study examined the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in labor productivity dynamics. The following ICT components were analyzed: the share of organizations using computers and the share of organizations using the internet. The purpose of the study was to analyze labor productivity in the Russian economy in the context of digital transformation, taking into account two dimensions: temporal and spatial. We investigated the impact of organizations’ use of ICT on labor productivity, the relationship between labor productivity and high-tech production, and spatial effects in the dynamics of labor productivity. We used a spatial autoregressive model (SAR) and a panel vector autoregressive model (PVAR) to analyze data for the period 2010–2018. The findings show that digitalization of business processes and an increase in the share of organizations using internet technologies leads to an increase in labor productivity. Certain socioeconomic indicators were also found to be significant, namely, real wages and the percentage of people with higher education in the workforce. Exogenous variables acting as external shocks did not exert significant effects. The results have important implications for managers who develop strategies to increase labor productivity and production efficiency. Such strategies should focus on internetization, business digitalization, and e-commerce.

Carbon fueling complex global value chains tripled in the period 1995–2012

Complex global value chains are those involving more than two countries and imply that a country imports products as capital goods or intermediate inputs to the production of its exports. When tracing the life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of traded products, for example for border carbon adjustments, such emissions are counted at each border crossing. The prevalence and dynamics of this phenomenon have been poorly understood. This paper shows that GHG emissions associated with the production of imports that enter export production have risen rapidly from 1995, peaking 2012 and declining slightly to 2016. They now constitute a total of 4.4 Pg CO2eq. or 10% of global emissions. The most important exported products in terms of emissions associated with imported inputs are chemicals, vehicles, machinery, and information and communications technology (ICT). Crude petroleum, iron and steel, chemicals, and ICT components are the imported products being used for this export production. A decomposition analysis indicates that in industrialized countries, the declining domestic value added in exports and increasing share of exports in GDP have contributed most to this development. In emerging economies, however, the growth of GDP itself has been an important driving factor, while declines in the energy intensity of export production have provided a weak counterbalance. The importance of transiting carbon raises questions of how climate policies affect industrial competitiveness and how a potential border tax regime would account for such emissions.

Lifestyle interventions to maternal weight loss after birth: a systematic review

BackgroundOver the past decades, there has been an increase in overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age, as well as the general population. Overweight and obesity are related to a later, increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Increasing weight between pregnancies has a negative impact on the development of the fetus in a subsequent pregnancy. It is also related to long-term obesity and overweight for the woman. Accordingly, weight control in women of the childbearing age is important for both women and their offspring. Information and communication technology (ICT) has become an integrated part of many peoples’ lives, and it has the potential to prevent disease. In this systematic review, we summarize the evidence from randomized controlled trials to compare effects of different ICT-based interventions to support postpartum women to achieve weight loss.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane, searching on terms, such as postpartum, weight loss, telemedicine, and randomized controlled trials. Two independent researchers undertook study selection and data extraction. Results were reported narratively. The systematic review only included studies that were randomized controlled trials.ResultsEight studies were included in the systematic review. All of them were characterized by applying one or more ICT components to assist postpartum women in weight control, and had weight loss as an outcome measure. A significant difference was found in weight loss between control group and intervention group in the majority of the studies. However, five of the studies had a relatively short follow-up period (40 days to 16 weeks), six of the studies had a relatively small sample size (18 to 66 women), and half of the studies indicated challenges with adherence to the interventions over time.ConclusionICT-based interventions can support postpartum women to achieve a healthy lifestyle and weight control. Future studies should focus on larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, and adherence to the interventions.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42018080731

Information and communication technologies support for the participation of universities in innovation networks (comparative study)

To ensure and strengthen the development of high-tech R&D and its industrial applications in the long-term perspective, information and communication technologies (ICT) cooperation tools with national and international institutions, network associations and firms are of great importance. To solve this problem, a joint systematic and coordinated work to develop institutions that can provide crucial support to innovation process is crucial. For these purposes, higher educational institutions (HEI) innovation activities information and communication support and technological development analysis are critically important. The purpose of this study is to analyze the existing ICT toolkit, which is used to manage R&D and various industrial applications, and to develop a conceptual framework for the implementation of these tools for the participation of universities in innovation networks. To answer this question, authors begin by taking a closer look at the new role of universities in the development of knowledge generation in a global environment, as well as problems and tendencies under conditions of postindustrial society. The new role of universities in knowledge generation in the global environment development, and problems and tendencies under the conditions of postindustrial society were outlined. Modern ICT components, which are necessary for universities to participate in the innovation networks, were analyzed. Some cases of foreign experience in the scientific and innovation networks of current prototypes of Industry 4.0 development were discussed, and the possibilities of its adaptation to national innovation system formation conditions in Ukraine were identified. By theoretical and empirical examining, the authors propose more complete understanding of modern ICT components, which are necessary for universities to participate in innovation networks. Cases of foreign experience in the scientific and innovation networks of current prototypes of Industry 4.0 development were investigated. Moreover, the evidence from this study suggests a variety of factors related to the possibilities to adapt ICT tools to national innovation system formation in Ukraine.

Reliability Assessment of Distribution System Considering Cyber-Induced Dependent Failures in Substation

With the increasing dependencies on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), the smart distribution system has similar characteristics to Cyber-Physical System (CPS) and is seen as the so-called “cyber-physical power system” (CPPS). However, the impact of upstream substation is becoming one of the main factors impacting on distribution reliability. To avoid the too optimistic conclusion, the Cyber-Induced Dependent Failures (CDFs) of upstream substation are important to be considered. Thus the cyber security risk brought by both the malfunction of ICT components and the cyber-attack should be taken into account. This paper provided a methodology to incorporate both the two sides of CDFs in upstream substation into cyber-enabled distribution system reliability assessment. In the sequential Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), the game process between attackers and defenders can be modelled as the semi-Markov Chain (SMP), and indices are calculated by the minimal path method. The effects of CDFs are quantified and converted onto the joint feeders, based on the Breadth-First-Search (BFS), as well. Some conclusions for the distribution and substation automation planning have been made and verified by the cyber-extended Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS).

Implementasi Teknologi Load Balancing Dua Jalur Internet Service Provide (ISP) menggunakan Metode Per Connection Classifier (PCC) di Pondok Pesantren Yasin Kudus

Access to the Internet, as well as Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in general, is nowincreasingly needed by the wider community, including by the pesantren community. The community of pesantren needInternet media to expand access to sources of knowledge, publish the activities of pesantren, as well as a medium ofpesantren da’wah in cyberspace. Due to the lack of use of ICT in pesantren, then not all ICT components can be utilized.This community service partner is Pesantren Yasin Kudus, who wants to apply ICT to support learning for students(called santri), by providing smooth and healthy Internet access at affordable cost. The problem faced is Internet accessthat only depends on one Internet Service Provider (ISP), so if the connection on the ISP is failed then Internet accessbecomes disturbed. The solution offered is the use of two ISP connections as an Internet access network, by applying loadbalancing technology using Per Connection Classifier (PCC) method so that loading of traffic on both ISPs can bebalanced. With this program, partners can utilize Internet access from both ISPs optimally

The Analysis of Using ICT on Knowledge Management in Governmental Organizations in Iran (Case Study: Municipality of Mazandaran Province)

This study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) and its components and knowledge management in Iran municipality staff (Mazandaran Province). "Research Methodology" in this study was descriptive and correlational. To fulfill the purpose of this study, 152 staff were selected from among a total number of 250 population based on stratified sampling using Krejcie & Morgan sampling table. "The data collection tools" consisted of two standard questionnaires, including ICT questionnaires (%96 validity) and knowledge management questionnaire (95% validity). "The data analysis method" was inferential statistics conducting by SPSS and LISREL software. "The results" showed that there was a significant relationship between ICT and knowledge management. Also, that there was a significant relationship between ICT components include: "automation", "processing", "storage", "informing" and "communication", and knowledge management. There was not a significant relationship between ICT and knowledge management between men and women. Finally, the relationship between ICT and knowledge management model based on Fit Indices of, properly evaluated.

The impact of ICT on labor productivity in the EU

ABSTRACTThe paper is concerned with investigating relationships between labor productivity and information and communication technology (ICT) components such as the use of enterprise resource planning (ERP), e-commerce and customer relationship management (CRM) software, and the number of ICT specialists at the country level. The proposed approach uses a neoclassical framework of growth accounting and a translog production function to examine the impact of ICT components on labor productivity in the transition and developed economies of the European Union (EU). Our findings show the positive and significant influence of selected ICT components on labor productivity in EU countries. Moreover, the results indicate that the impact of ERP, e-commerce and CRM software on labor productivity is greater in transition economies than in developed economies of the EU.

ICT Components in MLIS Curriculum in North India: A Content Analysis

-This study analyses the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) course contents of Master’s Level Library and Information Science (MLIS) course being conducted in university / departments of north India. The ICT components are identified with the help of University Grants Commission’s (India) Model Curriculum report. Universities offering MLIS courses in north India were identified from UGCs complete list of recognized universities. This study is limited to the regular MLIS courses being offered in north India. The skewness in the mentioned objective of ICT components in curriculum is measured using Weighted Average Score. Maximum of the ICT components are offered in theory papers in the selected universities whereas Internet Applications, Website Designing, Multimedia applications, etc. are offered more as practical components. There is a major gap between Theory and Practical approach for the identified ICT components, i.e. more emphasis is given to Theory than Practical.This study gives a content analysis of ICT Components of MLIS curriculum and thus provides the current status of LIS education in north India which adds up to the existing literature of LIS education.

Resilience and Security: A Qualitative Survey of Urban Smart Grid Architectures

Smart grids require information and communication technology (ICT) in order to control dynamics in the power grid. However, adding ICT creates additional entry points in vulnerable hard- and software, increasing the attack surface, and provides distribution paths that can be used by malware for attacks. This paper provides a qualitative evaluation of smart grid architectures for urban environments, comparing four topology types based on six quality indicators: resource control, security, resilience, quality of service, compatibility, and cost. The impact of each power grid topology on the applicability of ICT components in communication topologies is also considered. We summarize the benefits and drawbacks of each topology with a focus on the implementation of decentralized and self-organizing structures.

Building neuroscientific evidence and creating best practices for Active and Healthy Aging through ubiquitous exergaming and Living Labs.

Ageing is a major global demographic trend, which seems to be intensified. The earlier detection of risks associated with ageing, can enable earlier intervention to ameliorate their negative consequences. Many of these recent efforts are associated with the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and the stemming from them innovations in the fight against this age related decline and frailty. Ubiquitous unobtrusive monitoring and training (recently much blended by means of exergames) has become reality due to the availability of new mobile sensors and devices and the emergence of new technologies and services. The current piece of work presents the different milestones we have achieved as best practices during the past seven years of piloting training and exergaming ICT components in an effort to support Active and Healthy Aging. Our impact verification and results validation methodologies are revisited here in an effort to outline best practices and build up neuroscientific evidence. Finally, this paper demonstrates how the construction of an Active and Healthy Aging Living Lab was materialised in an attempt to gauge evidence based research in the field of active and health aging.

Information and communication technology spending and the latest (2008-) economic crisis

This paper presents the research on the latest (2008-) economic crisis impact on information and communication technology (ICT) spending. It identifies four types of deviations from the classical diffusion of innovation theory during the crisis, with regard to individual ICT components and users. The deviations found for specific segments of ICT are a slower process of diffusion and a smaller population adopting innovation, a delayed adoption of innovation by the majority of population, a faster adoption of innovation due to the incentive impact of the crisis, and a longer-lasting use of innovation. The research findings also demonstrate that the negative impact of the economic crisis on ICT spending varied depending on factors such as the sector, type and size of the user, as well as on the economic development of the region. The research therefore enabled a critical evaluation of theories on diffusion of innovation, which serve to explain the identified problem, while we were also able to develop an alternative view on the phenomena, in particular on the ICT impacts on the economy, society, etc. and vice versa.

Information Technology for the Factory of the Future – State of the Art and Need for Action

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a key factor for the factory of the future – acting as an ‘enabling technology’, as it were. For production, ICT is a tool, not an end in itself. In the future, the shop floor will be increasingly supported by ICT components, which, in turn, will start to network themselves. In the following article, some of the areas of current activity and the effects of the increasing use of ICT will be described.

An investigation on the relationship between TQM and ICT in revenue agency organizations

Article history: Received July 28, 2013 Accepted 14 January 2014 Available online April 28 2014 This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on total quality management (TQM). The study is applied for a case study of revenue agency in city of Damghan, Iran. The proposed study consists of 33 questions in five categories including leadership and commitment of top management team, customer satisfaction, empowering employees and their partnership, organizational design perspective and quality of information system. Cronbach alpha has been calculated as 0.95, which validates the overall questionnaire. Using Pearson correlation ratio as well as t-student test, the study has determined that there was a positive and meaningful relationship between ICT and TQM components. © 2014 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

ICT Infrastructure Framework for Microfinance Institutions and Banks in Pakistan

Information and communication technology (ICT) can be termed as a reagent for the microfinance sector. It has contributed significantly for the growth of this sector, which is clearly depicted from the reviewed literature as well as the market evaluation. The paper analyzes the impact of technological advancements within the microfinance industry from academic as well as practitioner’s point of view. The true advantage of that advancement in the technology is yet to be realized by this sector. The paper proposed that ICT components on an optimized approach can be beneficial for a new as well as an experienced microfinance player for the efficient and cost effective delivery of its services to the masses without any major hindrance.