Aid Of Information Research Articles

#DomesticViolence During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic: An Analysis of Public Commentary via Twitter.

The current study sought to characterize commentary regarding intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic via the Twitter hashtags #DomesticAbuse and #DomesticViolence. A sample of 481 original, English-language tweets containing the hashtag #DomesticAbuse or #DomesticViolence posted across five consecutive weekdays from March 22 to March 27, 2020—during which many places were enacting lockdown mandates—was examined using thematic content analyses. Overall, Twitter users commented on potential increased rates of IPV, while adding details about abuse tactics that could be employed by perpetrators during the pandemic. Additionally, Twitter users disclosed personal experiences of IPV victimization. Four themes were identified, including (1) type of domestic violence (i.e. whether the violence was COVID-specific or general domestic violence), (2) commentary about IPV (i.e. general reflections, decentralizing and centralizing survivorhood), (3) perpetrator tactic (i.e. abuse tactic used by the perpetrator), and (4) institutions responsible (i.e. institutions responsible for providing services to survivors). Overall, the commentary on Twitter reflected an effort to raise awareness and share informational aid for potential victims/survivors of IPV. Data highlight the potential of social media networks in conveniently facilitating the sharing and spreading of useful resources to other users. Future research should examine whether resources shared via Twitter reach individuals who need them and empower individuals to garner support.

Perilaku Beresiko di Komunitas Gay

Background: This study aims to describe how the efforts implemented by PKBI Semarang City and how the analysis of Islamic Guidance and counselling on PKBI Semarang City in overcoming the dangers of risky behavior in the gay community. Method: This study is a descriptive qualitative study that aims to find out the efforts made by PKBI Semarang City in overcoming the dangers of risky behavior in the gay community, which is then described in the form of a description of words or writings. The data collection techniques used in this study are with observations, interviews, and documentation. Results: PKBI Semarang City has several programs to prevent HIV / AIDS transmission, namely, outreach and assistance, especially key populations such as: WPS, WPS Customers, gay, and Transvestites with preventive materials including (condoms, pelican, KIE). Conducting socialization activities to increase knowledge about STIs and HIV / AIDS Information needs to be done continuously, for example by using the mechanism of weekly meetings. Clinics, to prevent the transmission of HIV / AIDS and detect the presence of HIV / AIDS early, by empowering to always live healthy. PKBI Semarang City has not implemented any full Islamic extension guidance but seen from the form of extension and coaching activities carried out both individually and in groups. In the extension of PKBI Semarang city has a significant influence on the gay community, this is seen from the number of people with HIV / AIDS which decreased compared to the previous year.

ANALISIS PENILAIAN PENGGUNA TERHADAP LAYANAN DI TERMINAL BUMIAYU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE IMFORTANCE PERFORMANCE ANALISYS (IPA)

AbstractThe Bumiayu bus terminal is located north of the Langkap intersection, this type of terminal is a type-B terminal and every day this terminal is always crowded with passengers, especially in the afternoon. Bus transportation requires supporting infrastructure in the form of a bus terminal because whatever mode of transportation is used it will not work well if there is no infrastructure that supports it. Therefore, not only adequate infrastructure, bus terminals also need to have good and adequate service quality standards. The quality of terminal services can be determined by using the level of satisfaction of terminal service users. Based on the analysis of Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) First aid room facilities, information space and equality do not exist, meaning that they are not in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 40 in 2015.Keywords: user rating, Bumiayu terminal, Importance Performance Analysis.

Lightning in Northeast Bangladesh: Relation with climatic variables, consequences and adaptation

In Bangladesh, the lightning during a thunderstorm has recently been officially declared as natural disaster, resulting in numerous fatalities each year, especially in the country's northeast. This study aims to look into the relationships between lightning and climatic variables, the spatial distribution of deaths, people's perceptions of the disaster's consequences and adaptation measures, and the influencing factors that make people victims in Sunamganj District. Several statistical approaches, such as descriptive statistics, correlation, and the Mann-Kendall Test, were used to meet the study objectives by examining time series data of climatic variables, lightning events, and household survey data. The data imply that lightning strikes have a positive and statistically significant relationship with climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, and air pressure. Moreover, that lightning strikes may become more common in the future as climatic variables increase. The perceived consequences of lightning strikes include disruption of human life, injury, damage and or burning of environmental and infrastructural elements, etc. Going outside during a thunderstorm and/or remaining outside during a thunderstorm are the primary factors contributing to a tragic accident. Those who were engaged in income-generating activities during the monsoon, like agricultural operations such as Boro Rice farming and fishing, were the most vulnerable to this hazard. Therefore, several adaptation strategies, including house safety and facilitating emergency shelter; assisting victim families for recovery and rehabilitation; travelling in covered vehicles during a thunderstorm; and disseminating knowledge about proper lightning safety measures, outside movement during a thunderstorm, and first aid information for initial treatment through awareness building campaign should be implemented to reduce the number of casualties.

A feed‐forward framework integrating saliency and geometry discrimination for shadow detection in SAR images

Shadow has been increasingly a kind of significant aid information for object extraction and scene interpretation in synthetic aperture radar images, which makes SAR shadow detection an important issue. In this paper, we propose a feed-forward framework integrating saliency and geometry discrimination for shadow detection in SAR images. We firstly develop a global contrast based shadow saliency model to extract suspected shadows. Considering that such suspected regions mostly contain some non-shadow areas, a discrimination strategy based on geometric relationships between objects and shadows is designed to remove falsely detected areas. Then the remaining regions become the final shadow detection results. Several experiments are carried out on images from two real datasets, Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition Recognition and MiniSAR, to evaluate the performance of our method. From the perspectives of three commonly used metrics, the proposed algorithm comprehensively outperforms two other classic methods, presenting reliable shadow detection ability. Moreover, the detection results of the two classic methods are significantly enhanced in controlling false alarms after the discrimination module is introduced. The results demonstrate that our algorithm is practically applicable to shadow detection in SAR images, and the discrimination strategy can be flexibly extended for related tasks.

From occupants to occupants: A review of the occupant information understanding for building HVAC occupant-centric control.

Occupants are the core of the built environment. Traditional heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems operate with predefined schedules and maximum occupancy assumptions with no consideration of specific occupant information. These generalized assumptions usually do not align with the actual demand and result in over-conditioning and occupant discomfort. In recent years, with the aid of Information & Communication Technology (ICT) and Computer Science (CS), it is possible to acquire real-time and accurate occupant information to satisfy the exact thermal requirement through specific HVAC control in one particular built environment. This mechanism is called HVAC “Occupant-centric Control (OCC).” HVAC OCC strategy starts with collecting the occupant’s information (e.g., presence/absence) and then applies it to meet the occupant’s requirement (e.g., thermal comfort). However, even though some research studies and field pilot demonstrations have been devoted to the field of OCC, there is a lack of systematic knowledge about occupant data, which is the principal component of OCC for HVAC researchers and practitioners. To fill this gap, this review paper discusses OCC with a particular emphasis on occupant information and investigates how this information can assist HVAC operation in providing an acceptable built environment in required spaces during the required time. We provide a fine-grained, comprehensive picture of occupant information, discuss its features, the modalities of information feed-in into the HVAC control, and the application of commonly utilized occupant information for OCC.

Target Embolization of Complex Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysm with Endovascular Reconstructive Technique Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Angiography: Technical Note

Detailed vasculature of vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADAs) is often complicated owing to the irregular structure with the intimal flap/double lumen. Our aim was to present an endovascular reconstructive technique with assessment of detailed vasculature and the relationship between dissection and surrounding vessels using cone-beam computed tomography angiography (CBCT-A). The study included 6 cases with complex vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm. Selective digital subtraction angiography initially identified the location and shape of dissection. CBCT-A was then performed with selective injection into the affected vertebral artery. Luminal morphology of the dissection and surrounding arterial anatomy were assessed using CBCT-A. CBCT-A clearly demonstrated luminal morphology of the intimal flap/double lumen, the entrance into the pseudolumen, and the entire dissecting segment. Tiny perforator arteries were also identified. In all 6 cases, target coil embolization for the pseudolumen and stent placement using an LVIS stent for the entire dissecting segment were successfully performed with the aid of information obtained from CBCT-A. No complications occurred in the perioperative period, and improvement of dissection was identified in the follow-up period. Target embolization of complex vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm with endovascular reconstructive technique with special reference to the detailed anatomy of dissection using CBCT-A would be useful for safe and effective treatment results.

ЕФЕКТИВНЕ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЗАСОБІВ МУЛЬТИМЕДІА В ПРОЦЕСІ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРОБЛЕМНОГО МЕТОДУ НАВЧАННЯ У ПРОФІЛЬНІЙ ШКОЛІ

The article examines the methodological features of the use of information and technical means of the new generation (multimedia tools) in the process of implementing problem-based learning of students in the automotive industry; their didactic possibilities are revealed and creative directions of use in the process of mastering professional knowledge by high school students are determined. The advantages of using the new generation of information technology tools is the visualization of any objects or events in real time, which increases the motivation of young students during the mastery of the first working profession and in the process of independent learning. The results of the research in the form of developed educational and methodical materials provide the appropriate level of emotional perception and activity of students. Some of the developments have been introduced into the educational process on the automotive business of the Novoukrainsky interschool educational and production complex of labor training and vocational guidance of students. The main advantages of problem-based learning, which is realized with the help of modern teaching aids of the new generation, over the traditional one, are intensive mental activity of students. They choose the best ways to solve problem situations with the help of acquired knowledge, which is fully consistent with the competency approach, which today is the basis for improving the quality of education of the younger generation. Modern problem-based development lesson in automotive business is based on a system of didactic principles, which is adequate to the laws of learning. These are the principles of scientific and systematization; activity and independence; unity of education, upbringing and development; connection of theory with practice; problems; motivation for learning and productive work; accessibility; unity of word and clarity; differentiation and individualization; professional orientation of the educational process. New generation information and technical teaching aids have significant opportunities to improve the quality of education of high school students in specialized schools, and in combination with elements of augmented reality, their didactic potential is growing. Further research should be aimed at updating the didactic complex of all sections of the curriculum for students of 10-11 grades of the profile level in the specialization «Automotive».

Using remote sensing to forecast forage quality for cattle in the dry savannas of northeast Australia

In the dry savannas of northeast Australia, forage quality is just as important for cattle production as forage quantity. The seasonal trend of forage quality is broadly predictable by land managers, but it is more difficult to predict the point when quality—which depends on local climate, management, and pasture condition—falls below the requirement for animal maintenance. In this study we use statistical modelling to forecast how forage quality might change at the crucial time of year, i.e., as the summer wet season transitions to the dry winter. We do this with the aid of historical information associated with a long-term cattle-grazing trial in the dry savannas. We combined multiple years of two measures of forage quality (dietary crude protein and in vivo dry-matter digestibility; respectively DCP and DMD) and ground cover information (specifically the ratio of ‘green grass’ cover to ‘dead (i.e., non-photosynthetic) grass’ cover, derived from an archive of Landsat satellite imagery) into a linear mixed model that explicitly considered the correlations with time and between variables. DCP and DMD were estimated by near-infrared spectroscopy of fresh faecal samples; values did not have to be temporally coincident with the satellite imagery. With the end of May considered a nominal decision-point, we forecast monthly averages of forage quality for June to August, over a 12-year period at the study site. Over all months and all years, the median absolute error of the forecasts was DCP = 0.86%, and DMD = 0.95%. The remote sensing information served as a correlated, oft-sampled covariate that helped to guide the forecasts of forage quality. We propose summarising the forecasts (and their uncertainty) as a near-real-time graphical tool for decision-support. Such a product could potentially benefit cattle-grazing enterprises in the northeast of Australia, enabling more timely management of herds through the dry season.

Ranking of Key Resources in the Humanitarian Supply Chain in the Emergency department of Iranian hospital: A Real Case Study in COVID-19 conditions

China introduces a new strain of coronavirus as a causative of a new respiratory disease after several people contracted an unusual pneumonia in December 2019. The World Health Organization stated that the outbreak of the virus resulted in public health emergencies around the world. Humanitarian supply chain management is concerned with managing the efficient flow of aid materials, information and services and aim to reduce the impact of disaster on human lives. In this paper, provides a ranking for key resources in the humanitarian supply chain in the emergency department of Iranian hospital using hybrid decision-making method under COVID-19 conditions. According to the obtain results, Nurses in RK 1, Receptionists RK 2, General surgeon RK 3, Heart residents RK 4 and Pulmonologist RK 5. Hybrid decision-making method in this paper is an invaluable contribution to the emergency department and medical managers for evaluates of current situation Emergency Department when crisis occur.

Hidden Inequality: Financial Aid Information Available to College Students with Disabilities Attending Public Four-Year Institutions

College students with disabilities often encounter systems and processes that do not serve them well. Financial aid, structured in ways that can be particularly burdensome to students with disabilities, is one such system. This study used web-based content analysis of the largest public four-year institution in each state to explore how institutions explain and provide information and resources related to financial aid and whether they are equitable, consistent, and useful for students with disabilities specifically. The findings suggest that available information most often does not assist students in understanding how their disability-related needs can be supported or hindered by financial aid policies. The authors offer recommendations for practices that can improve equitable access to financial aid information.

EFEKTIFITAS KOMUNIKASI KONSELING TERHADAP ORANG DENGAN HIV/AIDS (ODHA) DALAM MEMPERPANJANG HARAPAN HIDUP (Studi Kasus Konselor Di Komite AIDS HKBP)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the communication process, communication barriers and effective communication on HIV / AIDS counseling in the HKBP AIDS Committee. The theory used is Communication theory, Communication Process Model Shannon and Weaver, Interpersonal Communication Theory, Johari Window Theory This research uses qualitative descriptive method and case study. The data was collected for three months through observation and in-depth interviews of two counselors, two people living with HIV and one community leader. Data analysis using interactive model The important finding of this research is the communication process in HIV / AIDS counseling is the process of delivering HIV / AIDS information by counselor to ODHA client whose purpose is to provide support and strengthening. The form of communication in HIV/AIDS counseling is interpersonal communication.

A new multivariate control chart for monitoring the quality of a process with the aid of auxiliary information

Control chart is a statistical process control tool to routinely monitor the quality of a process. In the past decade, using auxiliary information to enhance the ability of control chart to detect parameter shifts has attracted wide attention in literature. Most of the existing works in this topic use a linear model and assume performance and auxiliary variables follow a bivariate normal distribution to establish the auxiliary-information-based (AIB) charts. However, the normality assumption could be violated on some occasions. In this study, the skew-normal distribution is used to characterize the auxiliary variable to expand the joint distribution of the performance and auxiliary variables to a generalized joint family. Then, a new multivariate AIB chart is established to monitor the quality of process. The performance of the proposed AIB control chart method is verified using Monte Carlo simulations. An example with regard to the cement filling process is used for illustration.

"I Think Parents Shouldn't Be Too Pushy": A Qualitative Exploration of Parent and Youth Perspectives of Youth Decision-Making Involvement in Starting Continuous Glucose Monitoring.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore parent and youth perspectives of the decision-making process to start continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Youth with type 1 diabetes and their parents were assessed with semistructured interviews before adding CGM to their regimen and 2 months after device initiation. Interviews focused on parent, youth, and provider decision-making roles and suggestions for enhancing youth decision-making involvement (DMI). Data were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. Youth (N = 41; 13.7 ± 2.9 years) were categorized into decision-making roles: (1) youth primary decision maker (54.8%), (2) youth primary decision maker with parental influence (14.3%), (3) parent primary decision maker with youth agreement (26.2%), and (4) parent primary decision maker without youth agreement (4.8%). Participants described that clinicians provided information, recommended CGM, and gave support. Recommendations to enhance youth DMI included that youth should ask questions, express opinions, and do their own research. Providers should give unbiased information and use visual aids (eg, show the device and videos) to engage youth. Participants agreed that whereas youth should have a primary role in the decision about CGM, parental and provider support is critical. Parents and providers can facilitate dialogue by directly engaging with youth about their thoughts, feelings, and concerns. Provider use of visual aids may enhance youth engagement and expectations.

P–756 Predictive factors influencing multiple live births in cumulative IVF cycles: retrospective analysis of over 265000 embryo transfer procedures from the national French registry

Abstract Study question What are the factors that could predict the number of embryos to be transferred in order to diminish risk of multiple pregnancies? Summary answer Single embryo transfer (SET) is advisable for <38 year-old women in fresh cycles and for <35 year-old women in FET whatever the IVF number attempts. What is known already Multiple pregnancies are associated to increased maternal and perinatal complications. Risks associated to multiple implantations are significantly reduced with SET policy. However, while SET is more assertive with a lesser negative impact in younger patients (<35 years), its feasibility is less evident for the older population, whom oocyte quality is likely compromised. A double embryo transfer (DET) could improve chances of implantation and shorten their time to pregnancy. Identification of risk factors for multiple pregnancies could help in decision making for a double or SET and reduce chances for multiple gestations without reducing the chances to achieve pregnancy. Study design, size, duration A retrospective study from the national French data registry provided and approved by the Agence de la Biomédecine was performed. A total of 196530 fresh and 68913 frozen cycles from women aged 18–43 year-old were included (2014–2017). Risk factors assessed included women’s age, number of attempts, number of oocytes, fertilization rate, embryo stage, number of embryos transferred, number of supernumerary embryos frozen. Secondary infertility, oocyte donor, oocyte freezing, PGT, freeze-all and IVM cycles were excluded. Participants/materials, setting, methods Cumulative cycles derived from 65% of ICSI, 32% of IVF and 3,2% IVF/ICSI. The distribution of patients age at oocyte retrieval was 60% < 35, 21% < 38, 11% < 40, and 8% ≥ 40 years old. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to calculate adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for live birth chance and multiple live birth risk associated with each risk factor. Main results and the role of chance The chances of obtaining a cumulative live birth decreases with increased patients age (OR 0.71 for 35–38 years and 0.47 for 38–40 years, p < 0.00001), with increased number of attempts (from OR 0.87 for attempt = 2 to OR 0.74 for attempt ≥ 4, p < 0.00001), and for frozen embryos transferred (OR 0.14, p < 0.00001). The chances of live birth increases with the increased number of oocytes (from OR 1.33 for 4–12 to OR 1.52 for > 18, p < 0.00001 in all cases), with a fertilisation rate >40% (OR 1.29, p < 0.00001), with blastocyst transfer (OR 1.29, p < 0.00001), with the increase on the number of frozen embryos (OR 7.37 for >1, OR 13.08 for >2, and OR 16.92 for >6, p < 0.00001 in all cases) and number of embryos transferred (OR 1.42 for 2 embryos and OR 1.39 for >2 embryos, p < 0.00001 in all cases). In case of live birth, the risks of multiple births when two embryos were transferred decreases in patients aged >38 years (OR 0.50, p < 0.00001) and for frozen embryos transferred (OR 0.65, p < 0.00001). The risk increases with a fertilisation rate >60% (OR 1.30, p < 0.00001), with blastocysts transfer (OR 1.34, p < 0.00001) and when at least one supernumerary embryo is frozen (OR > 1.30, p < 0.00001). Limitations, reasons for caution This study is limited in only providing a risk-benefit balance for multiples on the choice of transferring one or two embryos. Clinical data such as stimulation protocols and doses of gonadotropins were not considered in this evaluation. Wider implications of the findings: This study provides help to develop a strategy for the medical staff in the decision making for the number of embryos to be transferred. It may also serve as a patient’s information aid and help to improve their chances of achieving a health singleton if pregnant. Trial registration number Not applicable

Understanding burn injuries in children—A step toward prevention and prompt first aid

This study was designed to examine knowledge, attitude and practices with regards to burns prevention and first aid in the Indian community.A total of 83 caregivers aged 19 and 40 years (mean 29 years) participated in survey. Sixty-one percent of those who responded to the survey had some knowledge of first aid, mostly through health education at schools (59%). Very few (2%) received first aid education from health workers. Approximately 2/3 of responders (66–70%) were aware of applying cool running water to a burn and to stop drop and roll in case of a flame burn. However, the same number also listed a myriad of household remedies that they would use as first aid. 66–71% responders were aware of some situational risks in the home and community but only 27% considered young children to be at greater risk. 31% responders had an enclosed kitchen and 16% were still cooking on the floor. A large percentage (83%) cooked outside on a traditional wooden open fire. A quarter of the responders still used oil lamps on the floor and had little regard for the flammability of clothes.There was a weak positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r-square 0.379) and attitude and practice (r-square 0.373), but no correlation between knowledge and practice (r-square 0.089).Our survey suggests that many responders have limited knowledge of effective first-aid techniques and live in high-risk environments. The major sources of first aid information were from school-based health education, social and electronic media. These resources can be utilized to further disseminate knowledge on first aid and practical prevention techniques.

Foreign aid projects and trust in political institutions

AbstractDo foreign aid projects undermine citizens' trust in local and national political institutions? Drawing on institutional theories of political trust, I hypothesize that foreign aid projects reduce trust in political institutions by lowering citizens' perceptions of government performance and raising perceptions of corruption. To analyze the impact of aid projects on trust, this article utilizes geolocated survey data on citizens' trust in political institutions from Afrobarometer Rounds 2–5 (2003–2012) and data on the location of foreign aid projects from AidData's Aid Information Management Systems datasets for Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda. Using a spatial difference‐in‐difference strategy, the empirical results find that active aid projects are on average associated with decreased trust in the president, parliament, and local government council. An exploratory sectoral analysis suggests that the negative average treatment effect is driven by projects in the transportation, agriculture, education, and civil society sectors.

Bayesian Additive Matrix Approximation for Social Recommendation

Social relations between users have been proven to be a good type of auxiliary information to improve the recommendation performance. However, it is a challenging issue to sufficiently exploit the social relations and correctly determine the user preference from both social and rating information. In this article, we propose a unified Bayesian Additive Matrix Approximation model (BAMA), which takes advantage of rating preference and social network to provide high-quality recommendation. The basic idea of BAMA is to extract social influence from social networks, integrate them to Bayesian additive co-clustering for effectively determining the user clusters and item clusters, and provide an accurate rating prediction. In addition, an efficient algorithm with collapsed Gibbs Sampling is designed to inference the proposed model. A series of experiments were conducted on six real-world social datasets. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed BAMA by comparing with the state-of-the-art methods from three views, all users, cold-start users, and users with few social relations. With the aid of social information, furthermore, BAMA has ability to provide the explainable recommendation.

A content analysis of scald first aid information on Chinese websites

ObjectiveWith the rapid development of networks in China, the Internet has become an important source of first aid information for scalds. As a country with the largest population, there are a large number of scald cases every year in China. The content analysis of websites aimed to assess the accuracy and quality of the information on scalds available on Chinese websites. MethodsUsing keywords related to scald in the most popular Chinese search engines, 19 sites were eventually selected for evaluation based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These websites were assessed on quality and content accuracy by using HONcode, DISCERN, and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) evaluation scales, and a modified evaluation system based on the system developed by J.D. Burgess. The evaluation was completed by a 5-person evaluation team. The subjective items were reviewed by five independent reviewers. The objective items were recorded by one reviewer, then another checked the results. ResultsUsing “scald first aid,” “scald treatment,” and “scald blister” to search on Baidu, Sougou, and Haosou, a total of 180 websites were recorded. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 websites were obtained for assessment. Among them, 17 websites (89%) were established by commercial companies. Of the remaining two websites, one was created by a government agency and the other was created by a non-profit organization. The mean total HONcode score, DISCERN score, PEMAT (understandability) score, PEMAT (actionability) score, content accuracy score, and website quality score were 5.19 ± 1.09 out of 8; 52.63 ± 3.69 out of 80; 68%; 56%; 5.05 ± 1.47 out of 8; and 6.11 out of 12, respectively. The scores of the government agency website are better than that of commercial websites. ConclusionThe websites established by government agencies and non-profit organizations are few, and most of the websites are established by commercial companies. Compared with the government agency website, these commercial websites contain many advertisements, and their website quality and accuracy need to be further improved.

Rapid Interpretation of Temporal–Spatial Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Operational Data – RITSUD: Aiding UAV Operators With Visualizations of Patterns-of-Life Activities

To accomplish their missions, the operators of military unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) aggregate and process information from multiple sources under time constraints, while experiencing partial sensory deprivation. We aimed to design, develop, and evaluate the need for designated information aids in the form of visualizations of spatial and temporal patterns-of-life for specific operational mission phases. In an evaluation conducted to assess the usefulness of the proposed visualizations, experienced UAV operators from two nations were presented with five scenarios in a narrative format. Each scenario contained one information-aid visualization for a specific mission phase. Participants had to interpret each mission phase and rate the information aid. Results showed that, in general, most operators favored the aids, but their appreciation of specific aids depended on the mission phase. There were also statistically significant differences between the nations. The results emphasize the potential for equipping UAV operators with information aids in the form of visualizations of spatial and temporal patterns-of-life. Moreover, the findings underline the need for more rigorous analyses of operators’ missions, as the need for specific visualizations was shown to vary with mission phase, and some visualizations were found to be more widely useful than others.