Access To Information Systems Research Articles

The method of linear-logical operators and logical equations in information extraction tasks

Relational and logical methods of knowledge representation play a key role in creating a mathematical basis for information systems. Predicate algebra and predicate operators are among the most effective tools for describing information in detail. These tools make it easy to formulate formalized information, create database queries, and simulate human activity. In the context of the new need for reliable and efficient data selection, a problem arises in deeper analysis. Subject of the study is the theory of quantum linear equations based on the algebra of linear predicate operations, the formal apparatus of linear logic operators and methods for solving logical equations in information extraction tasks. Aim of the study is a developing of a method for using linear logic operators and logical equations to extract information. This approach can significantly optimize the process of extracting the necessary information, even in huge databases. Main tasks: analysis of existing approaches to information extraction; consideration of the theory of linear logic operators; study of methods for reducing logic to an algebraic form; analysis of logical spaces and the algebra of finite predicate actions and the theory of linear logic operators. The research methods involve a systematic analysis of the mathematical structure of the algebra of finite predicates and predicate functions to identify the key elements that affect the query formation process. The method of using linear logic operators and logical equations for information extraction is proposed. The results of the study showed that the method of using linear logic operators and logical equations is a universal and adaptive tool for working with algebraic data structures. It can be applied in a wide range of information extraction tasks and prove its value as one of the possible methods of information processing. Conclusion. The paper investigates formal methods of intelligent systems, in particular, ways of representing knowledge in accordance with the peculiarities of the field of application and the language that allows encoding this knowledge for storage in computer memory. The proposed method can be implemented in the development of language interfaces for automated information access systems, in search engine algorithms, for logical analysis of information in databases and expert systems, as well as in performing tasks related to object recognition and classification.

Prototyping and usability evaluation of mobile-based-application for accessible tourism market: the view of tourism demand

Information systems offer major contributions to the establishment of accessible tourism conditions. However, these solutions need to be correctly developed, which often implicates approaches based on user-centered methodologies. To improve information flow within the accessible tourism market, an accessible tourism information system was prototyped. The development of this solution, named access@tour by action, involved a rigorous testing process, to evaluate the acceptability and mainly the difficulties of interaction with specific needs. Thus, the objective of this study is to explore the results obtained from usability testing of the prototype, involving people with special needs, social organizations, and caregivers. The results showed that some improvements were needed namely in the registration process, evaluation of tourism offers, and on the layout of information. Notwithstanding, the overall perception of ease of interaction, and accessibility was good. This user feedback will be used to obtain the final version of the platform.

Accessibility of digital systems in information retrieval by users with visual impairment

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the accessibility of digital information systems as a key usability attribute in information retrieval by users with visual impairment (VI), to inform development of accessible information systems. Design/methodology/approach This study used a cross-sectional survey design based on the quantitative research paradigm. Data was collected from 117 students with visual impairments from selected public universities in Kenya, using a semi-structured questionnaire adapted from Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. Findings This study revealed that gender did not influence screen reader compatibility, alternative format preferences, perceptions of accessible content or digital library navigability. Instead, type of visual impairment, prior assistive technology (AT) training and digital library use frequency significantly impacted these attributes. Blind students reported positive experiences, favouring alternative formats, and expressed positive views on accessible content while those with low vision faced more challenges. Prior training in assistive technology and frequent digital library use resulted in higher screen reader compatibility and better navigability. Increased digital library use was linked to access to alternative content for those with prior assistive technology training. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the existing literature on accessibility of digital information systems for users with visual impairments. Further research is needed to explore other factors that may influence the accessibility of digital systems, such as the design of user interfaces as well as an evaluation of accessibility of digital systems for other categories of disabilities such as hearing impairment, physical impairment, autism and intellectual disability, among others. Practical implications The findings of this study have practical implications for the design and development of digital systems such as digital libraries. Developers can leverage findings of this study to enhance compatibility of digital platforms with screen readers and provide alternative formats and accessible content. User-centred design principles can be used to create interfaces that are easy to navigate and friendly to users with visual impairments. Training programmes on assistive technology should be provided to users to enhance their skills and confidence in using digital systems. Originality/value This study contributes towards design and creation of navigable systems that are compatible with screen readers. The study also points out the importance of creating more inclusive and usable digital environments for persons with visual impairments.

Use of Ticketing System in Freelancing Platform to Maintaining Client Trust in Product Development Process

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are considered to be one of the important components in the economic development of a country, especially Indonesia. However, it has been found that MSMEs are lagging in digitalization, the adoption of information technology, and digital marketing. An information system where MSMEs can have easy access to IT and digital marketing professionals can be a solution to boost and encourage digitalization among local MSMEs. Developing such an information system requires the project to be able to quickly adapt and change based on the user’s needs and current trends. This study proposes an incremental solution to building an accessible information system catered for MSMEs by incorporating the ADDIE model into the development cycle. To understand the feasibility of the system, several group meetings are arranged to demonstrate and try out the system’s capability to the target users. The results indicate that the system is generally able to fit the needs of MSMEs and is quite effective at connecting the MSESs to IT and Digital marketing resources and experts.

Envisioning Information Access Systems: What Makes for Good Tools and a Healthy Web?

We observe a recent trend toward applying large language models (LLMs) in search and positioning them as effective information access systems. While the interfaces may look appealing and the apparent breadth of applicability is exciting, we are concerned that the field is rushing ahead with a technology without sufficient study of the uses it is meant to serve, how it would be used, and what its use would mean. We argue that it is important to reassert the central research focus of the field of information retrieval, because information access is not merely an application to be solved by the so-called ‘AI’ techniques du jour. Rather, it is a key human activity, with impacts on both individuals and society. As information scientists, we should be asking what do people and society want and need from information access systems and how do we design and build systems to meet those needs? With that goal, in this conceptual article we investigate fundamental questions concerning information access from user and societal viewpoints. We revisit foundational work related to information behavior, information seeking, information retrieval, information filtering, and information access to resurface what we know about these fundamental questions and what may be missing. We then provide our conceptual framing about how we could fill this gap, focusing on methods as well as experimental and evaluation frameworks. We consider the Web as an information ecosystem and explore the ways in which synthetic media, produced by LLMs and otherwise, endangers that ecosystem. The primary goal of this conceptual article is to shed light on what we still do not know about the potential impacts of LLM-based information access systems, how to advance our understanding of user behaviors, and where the next generations of students, scholars, and developers could fruitfully invest their energies.

Large Language Model for Chatbot

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) has led to the development of sophisticated Chatbots capable of mimicking human conversation and providing automated responses. In the context of the mining industry, which operates under a complex framework of Acts, Rules, and Regulations, there is a growing need for a comprehensive and easily accessible information system. This research proposes the implementation of a 24/7 available Chatbot, equipped with the ability to address stakeholder and customer queries regarding various legal aspects, including the Coal Mines Act, 1952, Indian Explosives Act, 1884, Colliery Control Order, 2000, Colliery Control Rules, 2004, The Coal Mines Regulations, 2017, and The Payment of Wages (Mines) Rules, 1956. Furthermore, the Chatbot's scope will encompass land-related laws, such as Community Benefits Agreement (CBA), Land Acquisition (LA), and Resettlement and Rehabilitation (RandR), thereby establishing a robust Management Information System tailored to the specific needs of the mining industry

Distributionally-Informed Recommender System Evaluation

Current practice for evaluating recommender systems typically focuses on point estimates of user-oriented effectiveness metrics or business metrics, sometimes combined with additional metrics for considerations such as diversity and novelty. In this article, we argue for the need for researchers and practitioners to attend more closely to various distributions that arise from a recommender system (or other information access system) and the sources of uncertainty that lead to these distributions. One immediate implication of our argument is that both researchers and practitioners must report and examine more thoroughly the distribution of utility between and within different stakeholder groups. However, distributions of various forms arise in many more aspects of the recommender systems experimental process, and distributional thinking has substantial ramifications for how we design, evaluate, and present recommender systems evaluation and research results. Leveraging and emphasizing distributions in the evaluation of recommender systems is a necessary step to ensure that the systems provide appropriate and equitably distributed benefit to the people they affect.

Tumor tissue samples collection for scientific research in morphology and molecular oncology

Purpose of the study. Is to describe the experience of creating a collection of biological images of tumor tissues and biomaterials, which are control samples, for scientific research in morphology and molecular oncology.Materials and methods. We studied the molecular markers of cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, oncogenesis and angiogenesis, the expression of proteins that regulate inflammation and tumor infiltrate cells in biocollections of verified tumors of common localizations: e. g. thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate adenocarcinoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Also, tissue fragments with normal structure or non-tumor pathology (autoimmune thyroiditis, adenomatous and thyrotoxic goiter, benign formations of the colon, fibrocystic disease of the mammary glands, benign prostatic hyperplasia, endometrial hyperplasia) were used as control samples or comparison groups. The total number of tissue samples is n = 7000.Results. It is reasonable to gather the collection in a pathomorphological laboratory according to the profile of the medical institutions, which has a sufficient volume of incoming target material and specialized morphologists to verify tumors of a given localization. It is necessary to consider the regional and ethnic specifics of the population, which determines the sampling and mutational load. The laboratory must initiate an addition to the informed consent of patients about the possibility of conducting morphological and molecular genetic studies for scientific purposes and publishing their results in a depersonalized form for the development of new elaborations, when signing the contracts with legal entities and individuals and when serving patients within an institution. When working with biocollections, it has to consider having registers of tissue biomaterials of target disorder groups of main localizations with downloading by year from an accessible information system, consider external factors affecting the database (changes in clinical recommendations and classifications, the population of patients served, pandemics and other significant events). The standard of the preanalytical stage, data collection, development of protocols for analytical molecular genetic studies and their evaluation, the utilization of the capabilities of working with reagents for scientific tasks and modeling experiments on laboratory animals are crucial.Conclusion. The formed biocollection made it possible to carry out a number of initiative and funded domestic and international scientific projects at the request of clinicians and fundamental researchers, as well as to improve the quality standards of morphological and molecular genetic oncology diagnostics. Biobanking makes the pathological archive more accessible for review and use, significantly expanding its scientific and practical potential. Scientific and medical research do not conflict and can be used within the same laboratory.

On the issue of ensuring secure access to information systems using biometric authentication based on a fuzzy image of the user’s identity and neural network transformations

Objective. In modern conditions, cryptographic personal authentication technologies are used to access information systems, based on processing biometric information and converting the user’s biometric images into his personal access code. A current area of research is the use of neural network technologies in organizing secure access to information systems. Biometric authentication tools can be classified as highly reliable only if they include cryptographic authentication mechanisms that work together with biometric authentication mechanisms through the conversion of biometric images into a unique cryptographic access code; in this case, a set of biometric identifiers of the user’s identity form his fuzzy image, which is used later during authentication. The purpose of the study is to develop an algorithm for providing secure access to information systems using biometric authentication based on a fuzzy image of the user’s identity and neural network transformations. Method. The development of the algorithm is based on the use of fuzzy logic methods and neural networks. Result. The work reveals the features of biometric identification of the user of information systems. An algorithm is proposed for providing secure access to information systems using biometric authentication based on a fuzzy image of the user’s personality and neural network transformations. Conclusions. Based on two-step authentication of the user’s identity, secure access to the information systems of registered users is implemented. A listing of the program code in Python for creating and training a neural network of a bioidentifier classifier is provided. The materials of the article are of practical value for specialists in the field of providing secure access to information systems using artificial intelligence.

Expired Medication Detection Information System Using the First Expired First Out Method

A pharmacy is a facility where diverse pharmaceutical operations occur, including acquiring, formulating, and distributing medications. The utilization of information technology has experienced a substantial rise in the current digital age, particularly in the realm of healthcare. An integrated and readily accessible information system is required to oversee diverse operations in the pharmacy, including drug procurement, stock management, prescription services, and sales. This study aims to create an information system that may enhance drug procurement efficiency and monitor drug expiration in a pharmacy located in Bandung. Anticipated enhancements are likely to optimize the pharmacy's operational efficiency. The expiration of pharmaceuticals can be attributed to several factors, such as the absence of regular drug inspections due to staffing constraints, human mistakes, excessive drug procurement, and unpredictable patient demands. In order to tackle these problems, it is necessary to implement a system that can detect expired drugs. The purpose of this system is to streamline the management of drug inventory by monitoring and tracking expired drugs. It also implements the First Expired First Out (FEFO) strategy, which prioritizes the usage of drugs with closer expiration dates over those with longer expiration dates.

An Exhaustive Review of Neutrosophic Logic in Addressing Image Processing Issues


 Since the importance of images in our lives and the advancements in computer data gathering methods, anyone can collect a large number of images, but most of them cannot be processed manually. Image processing therefore becomes appealing since various types of data may be represented and processed digitally. Image processing has become the most popular processing method, employed in security camera films, healthcare images, images from remote sensors, and naturalistic image/videos because of fast computers and processors. In order to raise cognitive function and speed up decision-making, image processing is crucial to many information access systems. Since ambiguity now permeates every part of the world, including images, discussing the neutrosophic logic forms the central idea of this discussion, as it is able to handle this ambiguity. To apply the neutrosophic logic, this requires converting the image into neutrosophic reasoning. When using neutrosophic reasoning for image retrieval, average recall and precision measures improve over other approaches. As the image processing field covers several tracks such as image segmentation, noise reduction, image classification, and others. Because there are so many research articles published in this field every year, we thought it would be appropriate to introduce a survey study on this subject. As a result, this study offers a comprehensive assessment of the literature on applying neutrosophic logic to image processing problems that have surfaced during the previous five years (2019–2023).

SISTEM INFORMASI FITOFARMAKA (SIFITA) BERBASIS WEB SEBAGAI SUMBER INFORMASI APOTEKER

Pharmaceutical services are a direct and responsible form of service for pharmacists in Indonesia to provide pharmaceutical preparations to patients. One of the pharmaceutical preparations given is traditional medicine. Phytopharmaca is a form of traditional Indonesian medicine that comes from plants that have undergone pre-clinical trials and clinical trials that can be submitted by pharmaceutical staff. In the Era 4.0 of the industrial revolution, it is very possible for services to be made easier when accessing information systems because it is faster so that it can maintain patient trust. Advances in technology in all fields can bring many benefits, one of which is in the pharmaceutical world. The information system was built on a web basis so that it is easy to use because it can be accessed via various electronic media such as laptops, PCs or gadgets and can be accessed at any time via the internet network. With this convenience, many users from pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical personnel will be able to get information from phytopharmacies circulating on the market. The aim of this research is to create a web-based information system as a source of information for pharmaceutical staff about Phytopharmaca. The research design was experimental, descriptive qualitative with a triangulation method by means of observation, interviews and official literature review in FGD. The instrument used is a Depth Interview sheet which has been reviewed by experts. The result of this research is a Web-based Information System which contains content regarding Phytopharmaca as a source of information for pharmaceutical personnel with features that pay attention to content, format, accuracy and ease of use with the name SIFITA. The menu in SIFITA is a list of phytopharmaca, phytopharmaca product gallery, profile, contact, knowledge about phytopharmaca complete with photos and regulations which can be downloaded.

Eğitim Yönetiminde Enformatik Çerçevede Bilişim Sistemlerinin İncelenmesi

The word knowledge corresponds to two different concepts in our language. Firstly, information is characterized as a generally held opinion about things or concepts, and secondly as processed data that describes various qualities of things or concepts. Informatics is the science of regular and intelligent processing of information that a person uses in his communication in technical, economic and social fields and which is the basis of science, especially through electronic machines. A branch of applied science that studies the phenomenon of information, information storage, access strings, methods of processing, transferring and using information, taking into account the benefits of society and humanity. Informatics, which is an interdisciplinary teaching and service segment, also covers topics related to the design, development and production of various tools used in informatics and information access systems, including computers inside. Dec. In addition, many issues that fall within the field of automation, which covers techniques related to the automatic regulation of all kinds of industrial production, are also included in the scope of informatics in a broad sense. In this sense, information, like information, has existed throughout historical periods, even though it has been differentiated within the temporal process. Information has a dynamic and variable structure. Since the second half of the twentieth century, the information society and the information society are mentioned with the information technologies that have settled on the world agenda and daily life with increasing speed step by step, especially with the development and change created in the last decade of the century. More information is more easily accessible in a shorter time. The desired information can be easily disseminated to the desired number of people and institutions in a short time and more information can be stored. Thus, with the innovations caused by information technologies, many applications are gaining international quality. Key Words: Educational Management, Information, Informatics, Information Systems

The Power of Digitization: Transforming Ukraine’s Customs Service

The article analyses the specifics of implementing the processes of digital development, digital transformation, and digitalization of the State Customs Service of Ukraine. The article scrutinizes the legal norms regulating the digital transformation of the State Customs Service of Ukraine to ensure qualitatively new, convenient, and accelerated processes of customs affairs in Ukraine. The article analyses the trend formulated at the normative level regarding the fulfilment by Ukraine of the international legal obligations of the State Customs Service of Ukraine. The article emphasizes that the implementation of relevant measures should be carried out with the help of timely corrections of national legislation. The article focuses on the fact that the world trends of digitalization set new tasks to ensure the functioning of modern, accessible, managed, and cyber-secure electronic information systems that work under the fundamental principles of customs affairs effectiveness. The article outlines the directions of further implementation of the processes of digital development, digital transformation, and digitalization of the State Customs Service of Ukraine in accordance with European and international requirements in the context of the digital strategy of the development of society. The authors conclude that a new cyber-physical system began to form due to innovations in Ukraine. All elements and participants continuously interact with each other, ensuring the constant optimization of the integrated digital system. customs, digital transformation, digitalization, information technology, electronic customs procedures, automation, Customs Service of Ukraine

Building Resilient Communities: The Environmental Observatory for Mining Projects and Climate Change Indicators

Public environmental information can improve industry performance, reduce environmental conflicts, and foster informed citizenship. The latter is directly linked to resilience because it is a “process that enables people to learn together, support experimentation, and increase the potential for (social and technological) innovation”. Importantly, the transparency and disclosure of environmental information alone do not have the desired impact; the general public may have access to information but not understand the content. It is necessary to reframe the technical language of information to reach broader stakeholder understanding. The Environmental Observatory for Mining Projects is an applied research project that aims to provide a public information access system for diverse stakeholders. It integrates data from various public services and makes them available to a variety of stakeholders, including the general public, through a web server and application that facilitate accessibility and understanding by using the co-creation methodology for public services. As a result of the project, the authors identified 25 indicators, six of which relate to climate change, including greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, air pollution, hazardous waste, and tailing deposit locations. These indicators are relevant for decision making through the combined knowledge of public policies, information priorities on the impacts and vulnerabilities of climate change, and more practical issues related to data availability. The authors conclude that environmental information systems must provide people with essential data, but that such information must also be understandable, manageable, comparable, and interoperable so as to promote access to crucial information for resilient communities.

Access to information research in the digital era

Access to information research in the digital era

Facial Image Encryption for Secure Face Recognition System

A biometric authentication system is more convenient and secure than graphical or textual passwords when accessing information systems. Unfortunately, biometric authentication systems have the disadvantage of being susceptible to spoofing attacks. Authentication schemes based on biometrics, including face recognition, are susceptible to spoofing. This paper proposes an image encryption scheme to counter spoofing attacks by integrating it into the pipeline of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) based face recognition. The encryption scheme uses XOR pixels substitution and cellular automata for scrambling. A single key is used to encrypt the training and testing datasets in LDA face recognition system. For added security, the encryption step requires input images of faces to be encrypted with the correct key before the system can recognize the images. An LDA face recognition scheme based on random forest classifiers has achieved 96.25% accuracy on ORL dataset in classifying encrypted test face images. In a test where original test face images were not encrypted with keys used for encrypted feature databases, the system achieved 8.75% accuracy only showing it is capable of resisting spoofing attacks.

Gender and sex bias in COVID-19 epidemiological data through the lens of causality

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred a large amount of experimental and observational studies reporting clear correlation between the risk of developing severe COVID-19 (or dying from it) and whether the individual is male or female. This paper is an attempt to explain the supposed male vulnerability to COVID-19 using a causal approach. We proceed by identifying a set of confounding and mediating factors, based on the review of epidemiological literature and analysis of sex-dis-aggregated data. Those factors are then taken into consideration to produce explainable and fair prediction and decision models from observational data. The paper outlines how non-causal models can motivate discriminatory policies such as biased allocation of the limited resources in intensive care units (ICUs). The objective is to anticipate and avoid disparate impact and discrimination, by considering causal knowledge and causal-based techniques to compliment the collection and analysis of observational big-data. The hope is to contribute to more careful use of health related information access systems for developing fair and robust predictive models.

Entre a riqueza e a fome: condições para a promoção da segurança alimentar e nutricional nas capitais do Sul do Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: The research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the conditions for the promotion of food and nutrition security in three capitals of the southern region of Brazil. Methods: This is an evaluative research, which used an analysis and judgment matrix composed of 7 dimensions, 11 sub-dimensions, 27 indicators and 56 measures, which classified each of the elements of the matrix as excellent, good, regular or poor for the promotion of food and nutrition security in the three capitals. Data collection took place in public and freely accessible information systems. Results: The three capitals were evaluated as poor in their conditions for promoting food and nutrition security. Florianópolis and Porto Alegre presented less favorable conditions compared to Curitiba. Aspects related to universal access to adequate food and water, agroecological production systems and sustainable food supply, and traditional peoples and communities stood out negatively in the three capitals. Conclusion: Although the evaluated capitals present good socioeconomic indicators, the conditions for promoting food and nutrition security are still fragile, which is reflected in the inability to overcome hunger and food insecurity in the southern region of Brazil. The results indicate the need to qualify territorial strategies for food and nutrition security, considering different contexts, as a condition for guaranteeing the realization of the right to food with equity and priority for families and peoples in situations of social vulnerability.

FROM REALITY-BASED MODEL TO GIS PLATFORM. MULTI-SCALAR MODELING FOR IRRIGATED LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT IN THE PAVIA PLAIN

Abstract. This research aims to define a low-cost replicable methodology for obtaining fast multiscale information models. The experiments carried out were conducted by researchers from Dada LAB and PLAY experimental Laboratories of the University of Pavia, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, on the case study of the irrigated landscape of the Pavia plain. The entire work process was developed according to a low-cost purpose, starting from fast acquisition activities with UAV instruments, to the processing of photogrammetric data, urban and detailed scale modelling with open-source software, to the census, filing, and computerisation of the model. The resulting product is configured as a multiscale reality-based information system. A census card is associated with each constituent element of the model (crops, canals, valuable hydraulic artefacts). Connection to the GIS platform allows the user to query the model. The result is a digital system oriented to facilitate the management of the agricultural and irrigation landscape, and to digitally document and preserve the heritage of historical hydraulic existing artefacts. Two different GIS platforms for structuring the information system were tested. The first involved a high-budget solution using ESRI ArcGIS Pro/ArcSCENE software, and the second involved using QGIS software, an Open-Source Geographic Information System, to develop an accessible information system without license fees, to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of low-cost processes.