Informal Method Research Articles

CANCEL CULTURE AS A PHENOMENON OF MODERN POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the phenomenon of cancel culture in politics and international relations using the methods of sociological analysis and conflict theory. The article considers the specificity of the cancel culture as an informal method of social control in social networks through mass mobilization. As a means of social control, the cancel culture can reduce the gap between stated values and social practices. Also cancel culture can be a tool for political struggle, competition and harassment for expressing opinions. The authors compare examples of the cancel culture in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Russia, which allows them to conclude that the scope and effectiveness of common action depends on the practice of responding to the violation of accepted norms and values, which, in turn, varies in a particular collective.In politics and international relations, the cancel culture is a supplement to the actions of political institutions and states its main goal as undermining authority and reputation. It is also worth noting that in the political sphere, the cancel culture, being a means of informal control, follows formal sanctions. In international relations, there is no single political center and no single understanding of norms, which allows for a selective approach in choosing the means of influence. In this context, the cancel culture is a tool of political struggle.

Representasi Budaya Jepang dalam Ryokan pada Anime Hanasaku Iroha

This research is titled "Representation of Japanese Culture on Ryokan in the Hanasaku Iroha Anime". This study aims to determine the characteristics of the ryokan depicted in the Hanasaku Iroha anime and the representation of Japanese culture in the ryokan. The data was collected using the observation method, analyzing the data using the descriptive method, and presenting the data analysis using the informal method. The theory used is the Theory of Anthropology and the Semiotic Theory of Roland Barthes. Based on the research results, it is known that the depiction of the ryokan in the Hanasaku Iroha anime is divided into the location of the ryokan and the food facilities in the ryokan. Most of the ryokan are built near the onsen with the aim of allowing guests to enjoy the onsen with the natural heat of the mountains, but it is possible that ryokan are also built in urban areas. The food facilities in the ryokan are kaiseki ryori as Japanese specialties which are one of the attractions for guests to stay. In the cultural representation of the ryokan, there are three cultural concepts found in the data. The first is the concept of uchi-soto which is seen from the genkan area with guests as soto and staff as uchi so that when entering the ryokan, guests have entered the uchi area of ??the ryokan. Second, the representation of the wabi-sabi concept can be seen from the ryokan garden focuses on imperfection and simplicity. Finally, the embodiment of the wa and ma concepts is depicted from the washitsu room which emphasizes harmony and empty space.

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN SONG LYRICS OF ELOISE’S SELECTED SONGS

Figurative Language in Song Lyrics of Eloise’s Selected Songs aims at identifying the kinds of figurative language and explaining the meaning of figurative language implied in song lyrics of each song. Some selected songs from Eloise are the data of this undergraduate thesis, especially from the album This Thing Called Living and Somewhere In-Between. There are five songs selected as the data to identify, they are Subside, TTCL, Intertwined, Wanderlust, and Hungover. In order to collect the data, documentation and note-taking technique were applied in this study. Also, descriptive qualitative was used to analyse the song. Hence, informal method was presented to be a method of presenting the whole data. A theory of figurative language proposed by Knicerbocker & Reninger (1963) to identify the first problem and a theory of meanings proposed by Leech (1983) to explain the second problem in this study. As the result, this undergraduate thesis identified that there are seven kinds of figurative language found in the song lyrics namely simile, metaphor, personification, synecdoche, metonymy, hyperbole, and irony. Moreover, there are four types of meaning found, they are conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, stylistic meaning, and affective meaning.

News of Death In Jumlah Fi‘liyyah In Obituarial Rubric Of Al-Ahrām Newspaper December 2017 – March 2018 Edition: Semantic Analysis

This study discusses news of death in the jumlah fi‘liyyah in the obituary rubric of Al-Ahrām (SKA) newspaper with the euphemisms contained there in. This study aims to reveal the fi'l form used and the choice of words or euphemisms in obituaries jumlah fi‘liyyah numbers in the opening sentences of the SKA obituary rubric, December 2017 – March 2018 edition. The theory used in this research is semantic. The data of this research is in the form of obituaries in jumlah fi‘liyyah in the opening sentence of the SKA obituary rubric advertisement. The method used in providing data is the listening method, with basic tapping and orthographic note-taking techniques as advanced techniques. At the data analysis stage, the method used is the distribution method with basic techniques for natural elements and advanced courses in the form of dissipation techniques and replacement techniques. As for the data presentation stage, the informal presentation method is used.
 Based on research conducted on obituaries in jumlah fi‘liyyah in the opening sentence of the SKA obituary rubric advertisement, eight variations of obituaries used based on the fi'l were found. The eight obituaries in jumlah fi‘liyyah are divided into three categories of fi'l forms, namely fi'l mujarrad ma'lūm, fi'l mazīd ma'lūm, and fi'l mazīd majhūl. The eight fi'ls in these three forms are euphemisms to replace /māta/ in BA. Thus, it is known that the perspective of the Arab nation in symbolizing someone's death with the choice of subtle words in the form of certain fi'l and visible religious symbols through the terms used.

Illocutionary Acts on Harry Potter And The Deathly Hallows Movie

This study is focused to analysis the types of illocutionary acts produced by Harry Potter and Hermione Granger in Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows Part 2 movie. This study used theory proposed by Searle (1979) to classify the types of illocutionary acts. The qualitative method is used in this study and used observation method in collecting the data. This study used formal and informal method in presenting the data. According to the data analysis there are 48 utterances of illocutionary act. The highest of illocutionary act produced by Harry and Hermione is directive with percentage 48%. In the second is assertive with percentage 25%. The third is expressive with percentage 15% and the last is commissive with percentage 13%.

An Analysis of Indonesian – English Code Mixing Used in Youtube by Indonesian Beauty Vlogger Titan Tyra

This study concerned Indonesian – English code-mixing in Titan Tyra’s YouTube channel. This thesis aims (1) To find out the types of code-mixing used by Titan Tyra in YouTube channel. (2) To find out the reasons why she used code-mixing on her YouTube channel. The informal method was used to give clear description about the data collection this study uses the theory proposed by Hoffman (1991) to analyze the types and the reasons of the code-mixing. The results of this study show that all types and reasons of code-mixing as proposed by Hoffman (1991) were found: the types are Intra-sentential code-mixing, Intra-lexical code-mixing, and involving a change of pronunciation. The reasons of using code-mixing are talking about a particular topic, interjection, repetition used for clarification, being emphatic about something, and expressing group identity.

PEMEROLEHAN FONOLOGI PADA ANAK USIA 4 TAHUN: STUDI KASUS YWA (KAJIAN PSIKOLINGUISTIK)

This research aims to describe the phonological acquisition of 4 years old child with the initials YWA and the factors that influence of YWA’s phonological acquisition. This research is a qualitative descriptive type. The data collection method used in this research is observation method and conversation method. The observation method is realized with the basic tapping technique and advanced observation of involved conversation technique and taking note technique. The conversation method is realized with the basic stimulation technique and advanced face to face technique. The data analysis method used in this research is matching method with the basic sort determinant elements technique and advanced comparison equalize and differentiate techniques. The method of presenting a result of data analysis used in this research is a formal and informal method. The result of data analysis show that at the 4 years old, YWA’s able to pronounce vocoid phons , , , , , , , , , and  and contoid phons , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ], , , , , and . Contoid phons , , and  is able to pronounce. But at the certain of vocabulary, those phons hasn’t been able to be pronounce correctly. The factors that influence of YWA’s phonological acquisition is consist of physical readiness, mental readiness, imitation, opportunities to train and practice, motivation, guidance, and phon closeness

Semiotics Analysis on World Health Organization Instagram Post

This study is aimed to analyze the type of signs and meaning found in pictures related to Covid-19 post by World Health Organization (WHO) in their Instagram account. This study used observation method to collected the data that taken from Instagram Post by World Health Organization, afterward, to analyzing the data this study applied the qualitative method. This study were analyzed using theory of Semiotics by Saussure (1959) in order to find out verbal signs and Barthes (1964) theory of Denotation and Connotation to explain the reality. The data were presenting by using formal and informal method. The data finding of this study showed there are 8 verbal signs in both of data. Those type of signs consist of Connotation and Denotation.

KONSTRUKSI FRASA ADJEKTIVAL DALAM MAJALAH TEMPO 2022: “DARI UTARA MEMBELA KAUM HAWA”

The purpose of this research is to (1) describe the types of adjective phrases, (2) describe the categories of attribute filling words in adjectival phrases, and (3) describe the syntactic function of adjektival phrases in the Special Report of Tempo Magazine, Sunday, December 25, 2022, entitled “Dari Utara Membela Kaum Hawa”. The research approach used is a qualitative descriptive and syntactic approach. The method of collecting data is through the listening method with advanced techniques, free engagement-free viewing, and note-taking techniques. Meanwhile, the data analysis method used is the Direct Element Division method with advanced techniques in the form of dissipation techniques, expansion techniques, and reverse techniques. The results of data analysis are presented through an informal presentation method. The results showed that 35 data of adjective phrases were divided into 17 endocentric adjective phrases and 18 exocentric adjective phrases. The types of adjective phrases found based on the number of cores consist of (1) attributive endocentric adjective phrases and (2) coordinative endocentric adjective phrases. The categories of filler words in adjective phrases are divided into (1) verbs, (2) adverbs, (3) nouns, and (4) pronouns. The adjective phrases found occupy several syntactic functions, namely (1) subject, (2) predicate, (3) object, (4) complement, and (5) adverb.

Participatory design method for improvement of urban public spaces – case study

The article considers the preconditions and informal method of forming public space by a group of residents at the local level and the compliance of these actions with the goals of sustainable development. Examples and own experience of organizing and implementing a public space change project in Hadiach, Poltava region (Ukraine) are given and the use of participatory planning methods to strengthen ties of local communities as well as a way of reducing migration from less attractive settlements is presented. The article describes the advantages of the participatory planning method as helping to equip urban space with facilities corresponding to the needs of users and increases their responsibility for maintaining public space, which is especially valuable with limited financial resources, allotted both for the creation of urban space and for care of it.

REPRESENTATION OF SADNESS IN THE LYRICS OF SONGS BY N-BUNA

This research is entitled "Representation of Sadness in the Lyrics of Songs By N-Buna". The purpose of this research is to examine the form of diction and language style in the lyrics of the song Ai Nijou, Dakara Boku wa Ongaku o Yameta, and Kokoro ni Ana ga Aita. The methods used in this research were the literature study method and the informal method. This research used the theory of stylistic proposed by Sudjiman, theory of diction and theory of language style proposed by Keraf. The results of this research indicates there were form of diction represent of sadness, namely denotative diction and connotative diction. Aside from that, there were language style, namely simile, methaphor, allegory and personification language styles. The dominant diction used to represent of sadness is connotative diction. Therefore, the dominant language style used to represent of sadness is metaphor and personification language styles.

Temporal Deictic Expressions in the Song Lyrics of Pale Waves’ My Mind Makes Noises Album

"Temporal Deictic Expressions in the Song Lyrics of Pale Waves’ "My Mind Makes Noises" Album" is the title of this article. This article focused on temporal deictic expressions in "My Mind Makes Noises" song lyrics that have official music videos. This article had two aims: first, to identify the temporal deictic expressions in the album's song lyrics; and second, to explain and analyze the deictic usages of the album's temporal deictic expressions. This article used a qualitative method and content analysis technique to analyze the data, with Huang's pragmatics theory as the grand theory and Halliday's context of situation theory as the supporting theory. The data for this article was gathered through the use of documentation and note-taking method and technique. This article used an informal method and descriptive technique to present the analysis, which means the results were presented in the form of descriptive words and sentences. There were six temporal deictic expressions analyzed in this article, which were then categorized into three categories based on the time of the event using pragmatics method, the context of the situation, and then the deictic usage of each temporal deictic expression. This article demonstrated that gestural deictic usage offers a clearer identification of the time of the event in temporal deictic expression, as well as an easier understanding of the context of situation.

Positive Politeness Strategy in the Conversation of "Me Before You" Movie

This paper entitled “Positive Politeness Strategy in the Conversation of Me Before You Movie”. The aims was to identify the positive politeness strategy and to explain the factor influencing the characters used positive politeness strategies based on the theory of Brown and Levinson (1987). The data was taken from the utterance between characters in the movie. The data was collected through the documentation method by taking-note technique, this article used qualitative method to analyze the data, the method of presenting data analysis was the informal method. This article used the politeness theory proposed by Brown and Levinson. Based on the theory above, there was nine strategies of positive politeness found in this movie. Furthermore, the factor influencing this article is positive politeness payoff. The results of this article show that in “Me Before You” movie the characters used nine out of fifteen strategies in positive politeness. The nine strategies that was found in the utterances of the characters are strategy 2 (exaggerate), strategy 3 (intensify interest to H), strategy 4 (use in-group identity markers), strategy 5 (seek agreement), strategy 6 (avoid disagreement), strategy 10 (offer and promise), strategy 11 (be optimistic), strategy 12 (include both S and H in the activity), and strategy 15 (give gifts to H (goods, sympathy, understanding, cooperation)). Meanwhile, the factor influencing this article is positive politeness payoffs.

Deixis Used in Shang Chi and The Legend of The Ten Rings Movie Script

This study is aimed to find out the types of deixis and analysis the function of deixis. Data were taken from Shang Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings Movie Script. The theory that was applied in this study was proposed by Levinson. Documentation method and note-taking technique used in collecting the data. The collected data was analysed by using a descriptive qualitative method. Meanwhile, in presenting the data analysis, this study used an informal method. The result shows that all the types of deixis and its function based on the theory by Levinson are found in the data source.

Konstruksi Verba Serial Direksional pada Bahasa Dayak Ngaju Kalimantan Tengah

Dayak Ngaju is one of the many Indonesian languages ​​originating from the Austronesian family. Dayak Ngaju language is used by speakers from Central Kalimantan. This study aims to determine the continuous directed verbal constructions in the Dayak Ngaju language based on a typology study and then compare it with Balinese. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Methods of data collection using the interview method are also considered. The typological approach used as data analysis in this study is then presented through an informal method. The results of this study indicate that the Dayak Ngaju language can be formed through transitive Verba 1 (V1) + transitive Verba 2 (V2) and intransitive Verba 1 (V1) + intransitive Verba 2 (V2) patterns. If related to the Talmy typology, the results of the study show that Dayak Ngaju is a language that has a verb or satellite framework, which is different from Balinese which may be formed based on motion verbs (as core verbs) and followed by prepositional phrases (roads) which act as addition.

Do migrant remittances have state de-legitimizing tendencies? A micro-survey based evidence from Africa

This paper examines the micro-level link between migrant remittances and state legitimacy. The paper argues that there are two theoretical channels through which remittances may ultimately erode state legitimacy. First, remittance income earners may use remittance income to bribe state institutions, and thus may feel that they do not need to abide by the laws those state institutions enact. Second, remittances provide funds for political mobilization and thus may enhance uprisings against autocratic states. I test these claims using individual-level pooled data from 3 rounds of the Afrobarometer surveys. For the quantitative analysis, I use multiple linear regression, propensity score matching, and an informal method of testing for omitted variables bias. Overall, the findings of the study show that remittance-receiving Africans hold de-legitimizing behavior towards the state.

The Women’s Language Features in Crazy Rich Asians Movie

This study aims to identify the women’s language features in Crazy Rich Asians movie. The women’s language features are identified using the theory of language and woman’s place proposed by Lakoff (2004). This is a qualitative study that used documentation and observation checklist method in collecting the data. In analyzing the data, this study applied the content analysis method. The result of the analysis was presented descriptively using the informal method. The analysis comes to the conclusion that the Crazy Rich Asian movie contains all women’s language features. There are ten women’s language features, namely lexical hedges, tag questions, rising intonation, empty adjectives, precise color terms, intensifiers, hypercorrect grammar, superpolite forms, avoidance of swearwords, and emphatic stress.

The Effect of Training and Development Methods on Employee Satisfaction and Performance in Commercial Banks

Abstract Training and development efforts are instructional activities within an organization that aim to improve performance. These programs often involve increasing knowledge and skills, abilities that could be reasons for increasing job satisfaction and job performance. A training method is a strategy or technique for developing the knowledge, skills, and abilities of employees so that they can do their given tasks flawlessly. The organization must evaluate the nature of the job, the size of the organization and its employees, the types of employees, and the cost of adopting a training approach. Various organizations have identified and used many training methods based on training materials, time, costs, and types of tasks. The present study selected seven popular methods of training and development used frequently by the Commercial Bank of Bangladesh. For this study, it has been hypothesized that training and development methods positively impact employees’ satisfaction and performance from the perspective of commercial banks in Bangladesh. The current study is empirical in nature, implying the collection of both primary and secondary data. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from employees of twelve commercial banks. The 250 questionnaires were distributed to the employees and collected. After sorting out the primary data, 200 questionnaires were used for analysis. The present study revealed that the informal learning method of training and development has a significant positive impact on employees’ satisfaction and performance in commercial banks in Bangladesh. The other two methods of training and development, i.e. job rotation and seminars, have a significant positive impact on creating employee satisfaction in the commercial banks of Bangladesh.

THE DISOURSE OF GLORIFYING WATER IN THE BALINESE SCRIPTUAL TRADITION TO SUPPORT THE AGRICUTURAL CULTURE AS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF “NANGUN SAD KRTI LOKA BALI”

This current study is intended to investigate the importance of glorifying water especially in agriculture as explicitly mentioned in the Balinese traditional texts. The data used in the study is the qualitative data obtained using the library research method and the observation, translating, and note-taking techniques. The data was analyzed using the descriptive-analytic method and the inductive technique. The data analysis is presented using the informal method and the narrative technique. The results of analysis show that the glorification of water, as one of the important components of the farming life in Bali, has been explicitly mentioned in the traditional texts. The sustainability and cleanliness of water, as an important component of the life of the living creatures on earth should be maintained. To this end, it is firmly mentioned in the texts of Manawa Dharma?astra, Canakya Nitisastra, Artha ??stra, dan ?arasamuccaya that it is important to make every attempt to maintain the sustainability of water to allow life to last forever. The objective fact in the field shows that the quality of the water used for irrigating the wet rice fields is inadequate as it has been polluted by different types of wastes.
 Keywords: water, irrigation, strong ideology, polluted

Grammatical Relations and Semantic Roles of Arguments in English Verbs of Transfer “Convey”

This study entitled Grammatical Relations and Semantic Roles of Arguments in English Verbs of Transfer “Convey”. It focused on grammatical relations and semantic role of argument within a certain argument structure. The particular and only data source of this study is Corpus of Contemporary American English. This study used accidental sampling method. Therefore, every data found are constructed with transfer verb “convey” proposed by Levin. Base theories of the analysis are Grammatical Relation and Semantic Role by Kroeger, while it supported by theory of Proto-Roles by Dowty and Taylor. The data representation chosen are presented both in formal and in-formal method. There are 3 different argument structures found within the 100 samplings. Transitive Structure turn out to be the most dominant structure, while the other which are intransitive and ditransitive are reasonably represented. All the grammatical relations are found, they are Subject, Object, Oblique, and Adjunct. In the other hand, all the semantic roles are found except stimulus, beneficiary, and accompaniment. Terms proto-agent and proto-patient supports the mapping of the semantic content. Some roles such as theme and instrument have different lexical understanding. It divided into three terms; physical, perceptive, abstract entities. Specifically, the agent classified into three different indication they are non-symbolic agent, metaphorical agent, abstract agent.