Informant Interviews Research Articles

Job perception and satisfaction correlations: Examining intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction for fast-food restaurant managers in San Jose City, Nueva Ecija

This research investigated the correlation between job perception and both intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction among fast-food restaurant managers. Utilizing a descriptive-correlation research design, the study involved 20 regular managers from fast-food establishments. Data were collected through surveys and face-to-face informal interviews with 20 purposively selected respondents aged 21-45 years. The analysis employed Pearson correlation to examine the relationships between job perception and satisfaction variables. Findings revealed a very strong positive correlation between job perception and both types of job satisfaction. Managers who perceived their roles as fulfilling, well-aligned with their expectations, and supportive of their skills reported higher levels of both intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction. Specifically, job aspects such as personal fulfillment, recognition, and alignment with personal values strongly correlated with high intrinsic satisfaction. Similarly, factors like competitive salary, job security, and a supportive work environment were closely linked with higher extrinsic satisfaction. The results underscored that positive job perception significantly enhances both intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction, reflecting the critical role of managers’ views on their roles in determining their overall job satisfaction and motivation. The study suggests that fast-food restaurant operators should focus on improving job perception by enhancing both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This includes providing meaningful work experiences, recognizing managers’ contributions, ensuring competitive compensation, and fostering a supportive work environment. By addressing these areas, organizations can improve managerial satisfaction, reduce turnover, and enhance overall operational effectiveness.

Qualitative study of new doctor induction and socialisation

AimJunior doctors joining EDs are required to rapidly acquire new knowledge and skills, but there is little research describing how this process can be facilitated. We aimed to understand what...

Scientific basis and teaching of values: a survey of politicians’, central bureaucrats’, and teachers’ interpretations

ABSTRACT The study examined how legislators, central bureaucrats, and teachers interpret the Swedish School Act's formulation that education should be based on science. A special focus was on education about values. The study was conducted using informant interviews with representatives of the political, central bureaucratic, and teacher level. The results show that there are conflicting conclusions both within and between representatives as to whether the legal requirement, that education should be based on science, is relevant to value education. The lack of clarity about how the legal requirement should be interpreted in relation to value education is problematic for at least two reasons. Firstly, it is problematic if the meaning of a law, which is the state's strongest form of regulation, is unclear. Secondly, the unclarity can threaten the legitimacy of the state's exercise of power.

“It's Such a Taboo Subject, Everybody's Scared to Talk About It”: Fijian Sportswomen's Experiences of Menstruation

Despite a growing body of research focused on women's experiences of menstruation in sports, most of this has been done by white women on white women and then applied to sportswomen from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Very rarely are the menstruation-related experiences of Black, Indigenous, and women of color considered, let alone the focus of such studies. To date, no research has explored Pacific sports women's experiences of menstruation. In this research, we adopt a contextually relevant Masi methodology approach to understand how Pacific sports women navigate different knowledge (i.e., scientific, family, cultural, religious, and social media sources) about menstruation in their everyday lives. Drawing upon Talanoa sessions (informal interviews and focus groups) with 21 Fijian sportswomen from a range of sports, we highlight the many ways sportswomen's knowledge has been overlooked, and their health needs ignored. We reveal how cultural and family knowledge shapes Fijian sportswomen's menstrual practices in and out of sports, and the lingering silences and stigma shaping coaching and medical support. Thus, this research seeks to improve the support structures for Pacific sportswomen by expanding sports and health providers’ understandings of culturally specific menstrual health needs and knowledge.

Revitalising traditional Indian games: inclusive game adaptations for children with cerebral palsy

Background Children with cerebral palsy (CP) present unique challenges to physical activity due to various factors. Despite the benefits of inclusive approaches and adapted physical education, low- and middle-income countries face specific barriers including environmental, equipment, personal, policy, social and professional barriers. Traditional Indian games, with their cultural significance and potential therapeutic benefits, offer a promising avenue for inclusive adaptations. At present we couldn’t find any studies that explore’s the method of adaptation of traditional Indian games for children with cerebral palsy of varying functional levels. Purpose The aim of the study was to explore the adaptation of traditional Indian games for children with CP of varying functional levels. Methods Traditional Indian games were identified through ethnographic qualitative research, and adapted using the Delphi process involving experts from various fields. A total of 10 traditional games were selected based on their health benefits using an operationalised conceptual model. The CHANGE IT model of adapted physical activity was used to systematically adapt each game. Validation of the model was then performed on children with CP [a smaller sample size, n = 10] with different levels of functioning. Results The games varied in playing positions, surfaces and phases. Modifications included changes in game rules, play environment, equipment and time duration. The study validation through informal interview among the parents of CP children revealed that adapted traditional game protocol shown improvements in their children’s activity levels and participation. Conclusions While this is a preliminary exploration, no firm conclusion can be drawn. The model presented in this study lays the foundation for future randomised controlled trials to validate the effects of adapted traditional Indian games on children with cerebral palsy of different functional levels.

Navigating virtual realities: identifying barriers and facilitators to implementing VR-enhanced PT for youth with chronic pain.

Virtual reality (VR) can enhance engagement in outpatient physical therapy (PT) through distraction and gamification of movement. This study assessed barriers and facilitators to VR-enhanced PT. Data were collected during a feasibility trial of VR-enhanced PT for youth with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Semistructured and informal interviews were conducted with youth participants, their caregivers, and collaborating physical therapists. To analyze transcriptions, content analysis was employed in multiple rounds. Barriers and facilitators to VR implementation were coded using a deductive approach, then an inductive approach was used to identify emergent themes within each deductive code category. We completed interviews with youth participants (n = 9), caregivers (n = 7), and clinician stakeholders (n = 5). Coded barriers included: (1) participant identity and self-narrative inconsistent with the intervention, (2) system-level, structural constraints of healthcare, (3) lack of guidance and leadership from clinicians around VR use, (4) research burnout, (5) expectation violation and disappointment, and (6) missing the optimal treatment window. Coded facilitators included: (1) viewing VR as a bridge to achieving treatment goals, (2) having access to resources, (3) sustained positive experience and immersion in the game, (4) alignment between identity and the intervention, and (5) champion-level collaborations. This study highlights the importance of considering the VR technology, person using the VR, and the context in which VR is being implemented to optimize uptake and acceptability. Adopting an implementation science lens to the field of VR for chronic pain will enhance the applicability and scale of impact.

Contribution of Coordination Theories to the Determination of Human Factors Associated With Operating Room Perceived Performance.

The efficient and fluid organization of surgical interventions in an operating room (OR) and operating suite (OS) is important as these are among the most expensive units to run in medical-surgical facilities. The complexity of OS organization requires careful coordination, defined here as the directing of individuals' efforts toward achieving common and explicitly recognized goals. There is currently sparse literature on OS coordination, especially in the French context. This study aimed to respond to this gap by reporting on the coordination mechanisms associated with the perceived performance of OS across 4 facilities in an urban setting in France. We used a qualitative comparative case study based on ethnographic methodology to explore 4 facilities (2 teaching, 1 general, and 1 private). Several investigation techniques were used for data collection (semistructured interviews, participant and nonparticipant observations, and informal interviews) in the OR, the OS, the regulation council (dedicated to adapting the necessary resources to specific procedures and patients' health status), and the OS council (dedicated to strategic and operational OS transformations and adaptations, and responsible for finding solutions to organizational problems). Analysis was guided by Okhuysen and Bachky's theoretical framework on coordination and multi-team systems theory. Data were compared across the 4 facilities and triangulated using the different techniques to ensure coherence and accuracy. Overall, 48 interviews with health care providers and hospital managers and 200 hours of direct observations were performed. The OR exhibited a high degree of coordination, whereas improved perception of performance in the OS depended on managerial competency, trust, and authority. Perceived performance in the regulation council and OS council, on the other hand, depended on the identification of formal objectives by all stakeholders and the development of common understanding (developing agreement, direct information sharing, creating common perspective, substitution, bringing groups together, and storing of knowledge). Based on existing literature on multi-team systems (as represented in the OS organization), this study identifies success factors influencing OS coordination. These include the OS manager's leadership skills; the identification of formal system objectives; and professional differentiation between stakeholders (absence/decrease of a sense of belonging to a multi-team system). This differentiation was related to the high degree of specialization within OS teams, each bringing different norms, cultures, and contingencies that induce dissonance in organization and task performance. Interventions targeting these success factors might improve coordination, and thus performance, in the OS.

Stakeholders’ engagement with law to address gender-based violence in Southwest Nigeria: a qualitative study using normalisation process theory to explore implementation challenges

BackgroundSexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a significant issue in Nigeria. In 2015, the Federal Government of Nigeria enacted the Violence Against Persons Prohibition Act (VAPP) to address all forms...

Literacy Preservation of Qi Lin Lantern Dance in Chinese Schools

Qi Lin Lantern Dance is a traditional Chinese cultural practice involving elaborate lantern displays and dance performances. The objective is to investigate the strategies used for literacy preservation of the Qi Lin Lantern Dance in Chinese schools. The study was conducted in Chinese schools, incorporating formal and informal interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. Four key informants, including cultural experts and educators, provided insights into the cultural and educational aspects of the Qi Lin Lantern Dance. Data analysis involved thematic coding and triangulation of multiple data sources. The research results indicate a positive correlation between Qi Lin Lantern Dance preservation and enhanced literacy skills among students, emphasizing the role of cultural engagement in educational practices. Suggestions include integrating cultural practices into school curricula, promoting cultural awareness, and fostering cultural sustainability by preserving intangible cultural heritage.

Outcome-Based Teaching and Learning (OBTL) Practices of the Coast Guard Special Operations Force (CGSOF) Specialization Courses

The goal of outcome-based teaching and learning, or OBTL, is to provide students with explicit instructions on what they are expected to learn and how to demonstrate that learning before any instruction even begins. While the idea behind OBTL has been around for a while, the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) has just lately included it in its training curriculum. The Coast Guard Special Operations Force (CGSOF), one of the PCG's operating units, is dedicated to integrating OBTL into its system through its training institute in order to address the current trend in education. Determining the degree of OBTL practice implementation in the CGSOF-led specialized courses is the primary goal of the research. This study used a mixed-methods research approach that used quantitative and qualitative techniques. mixed-methods research design where survey questionnaires and informal interviews were used in data gathering. There were 42 instructors and 130 trainees from the CGSOF included in the study. The findings revealed that both the instructors’ self-assessment and the trainees’ observation showed a significant extent in the implementation of OBTL practices. There is a substantial alignment between the measurable competencies that trainees should exhibit at the end of the course with respect to its three main components: the intended learning outcomes (ILOs), teaching and learning activities (TLAs), and assessment tasks (ATs). Despite several identified factors affecting the OBTL implementation, including the lack of equipment and training facilities that most affect the alignment of the ILOs, TLAs, and ATs, it was still indicated that the implementation of OBTL in the CGSOF specialization courses has been applied with a consistently high degree of satisfaction and efficacy, offering instructors and trainees a well-rounded education experience.

Private housing compliance with public seismic safety measures after 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal

After the Gorkha earthquake in 2015, the Nepalese government introduced a series of seismic-resistant building designs to reconstruct and repair residential dwellings. The objective of this research was to explore the extent of compliance with the new prescribed or recommended seismic-resistant features in rebuilt residential structures in two Nepal districts that were severely damaged during the earthquake. The primary source of data was a field survey conducted with a structural questionnaire among 332 affected households during October and November 2022. The survey also utilized informal interviews at three study sites in August 2023, with results showing that 95%–97 % of total respondents reconstructed their houses according to earthquake-resistant standards. The same percentage of respondents withdrew the final payment from the National Reconstruction Authority (NRA). Most reconstructed houses were smaller than before the earthquake; many respondents rebuilt one-room, one-story structures. In addition, housing typologies at the study sites changed from brick/stone and mud-based masonry to cement-based construction. Key Words: Gorkha earthquake, seismic-resistant guidelines, compliance with government safety measures, reconstructed houses, NRA.

Practical Aspects of the Organization of Ergonomics Committees in the Context of the Quality of Ergonomic Activities Undertaken in Manufacturing Enterprises

Theoretical background: In order to systematize ergonomic activities in the enterprise, some of them decide to establish ergonomics committees whose task is to solve problems in this area and also to propose new, often innovative solutions for implementation. The structures of these units often include employees from different departments who have a different view of ergonomics depending on the position they hold. However, the organization of ergonomics committees can cause many problems due to the lack of top-down guidelines for their activities (each company must establish its own rules). In scientific research on the ergonomic aspects of projects, there is a tendency to look for factors that favor the diffusion of ergonomic issues in their implementation. One such factor may be the creation of an ergonomics committee to pursue ergonomic goals. Their activities are not described in detail in the literature (there are no practical guidelines for their functioning), which is why the topic is discussed in this article. Purpose of the article: The main goal of this article is to present propositions for actions that can be taken to systematize the functioning of the ergonomics committees and to link this task with the quality of ergonomics management in manufacturing enterprises. The aim of the article is also to describe, using a practical examples, various aspects of the operation of ergonomics committees and to indicate guidelines for their establishment and activities. Thus, the article aims to fill the research gap in the field of creating ergonomics committees. Research methods: The research used the interview method with participants of ergonomics committees from companies from various industries. The questions were asked in the following groups: organization and functioning of the ergonomics unit in the enterprise and assessment of the effects of the ergonomics team’s activities. The respondents were participants of the ergonomics committees, which was appointed at least 2 years earlier, the industries represented by the respondents are: automotive (2 companies) and furniture production. Data obtained in three selected enterprises (through informal interviews) where such committees operate, as well as a literature review in this area, were used to formulate these suggestions. The results of the undertaken research allowed for the identification of practical aspects of the functioning and organization of the ergonomics committees. This is an innovative area of research due to the fact that few scientific studies describe such units and guidelines for their practical implementation. Main findings: The main result of the undertaken research was to indicate the categories in which the activities of ergonomics committees should be considered and to provide practical guidelines for their activity. These guidelines are presented as structured areas for consideration when establishing an ergonomics committee: (1) establishing the principles of operation and reporting; (2) determining the composition of the committee; (3) determining the scope of activity of the committee; (4) providing appropriate training for committee’s representatives; (5) support for the committee’s activities. The most important conclusion from the undertaken research is the indication that each enterprise must plan the operation of the committee taking into account its internal conditions. The conclusions from the conducted research were supplemented with indications of directions for further research into the conditions for the functioning of ergonomics committees in manufacturing companies.

Listening the Echoes of Silence

Abstract This scholarly article examines the intricate layers of social, economic, and political marginalisation experienced by the ‘Negede Weyto’ minority and elucidates its impacts on their psychological well-being. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study synthesised primary and secondary data sources. Primary data collection methods included in-depth interviews, informant interviews, and focus group discussions, complemented by meticulous analysis of relevant documents. The findings reveal that socially, the ‘Negede Weyto’ face marginalisation and restrictions in societal interactions, local associations, and religious events due to stereotyped and prejudiced perceptions. Economically, the minority group encounters challenges such as land eviction, limited opportunities, and exclusion from the job market, exacerbated by perceived educational and competence deficiencies. Politically, the ‘Negede Weytos’ are marginalised from local governance, with limited participation in elections and decision-making processes. Consequently, the ‘Negede Weyto’ minority experiences detrimental effects on their psychological well-being due to the cumulative impact of enduring marginalisation.

Impaired health in working children: a critical ethnography

Child labor is one of the important social issues that deprive children of many fundamental rights, and make them face many problems and consequences, including health problems. Thus, this study was conducted with the aim of examining the health of working children in Tehran. This is an ethnographic study that was conducted using Carspecken’s approach and was completed in 2022. The main participants of this study included working children aged 10–18 years living in Tehran. In order to collect information, the researcher was present at the workplace, school, and living places of working children for more than two years, observing their lives and activities. Formal and informal interviews were also conducted with the working children and informed people. In total, hundreds of working children were assessed and observed in this research. A friendly conversation was formed between the researcher and more than 50 children, and official interviews were conducted with six of the working children. Also, more than 10 official interviews were conducted with informed people and parents of working children. In addition to observations and interviews, documents such as medical records and drawings of working children were also examined and interpreted. The information obtained from observations, interviews, and documents was entered into MAXQDA software, and its raw codes were extracted. The high-level codes as well as sub and main categories were formed from the aggregation of low-level codes. Impaired health was formed from three subcategories of tormented body (work and environmental trauma, sexual abuse, malnutrition, fatigue, sleep disorder and inadequate hygiene), disquieted mind (anxious children, depression and isolation, reduced self-esteem and unfocused mind) and disrupted sociability (negative social role modeling, aggression and violence, stubbornness and vindictiveness, harassment and nuisance, reprehensible social behaviors, neglecting others’ ownership, disturbed relationships and out-group self-censorship). The results of the present study showed that the health of working children is compromised in various physical, psychological, and social ways. Therefore, some measures should be taken at the national and international levels to improve their health, such as revising the existing laws regarding children and informing children of their rights.

Exploring young adults' experiences with food allergy during their teenage years: A practice research study.

Symptoms of anxiety, eating disorders and social isolation are prevalent among teenagers with food allergy compared to peers without. Treatment of teenagers with food allergy focus on preventing anaphylactic reactions, with little attention to promoting social and emotional well-being. The aim of the study was to explore young adults' perspectives on everyday life with food allergy during their teenage years to improve future clinical practice. Critical psychological practice research. During a 2-day camp the perspectives of 10 young adults (18-23 years) were explored through participant observation and informal interviews. Three follow up interviews were conducted. A co-researcher group discussed preliminary results, clinical challenges and ways forward. Being together with peers with food allergy was crucial, fostering belonging and normalisation. The shift in responsibility of managing the risk feels overwhelming and stressful during teen age. Self-understanding was influenced when managing food allergy in social contexts, inducing feelings of burden and isolation. Acceptance and understanding from social relations became important for all participants, and they all underlined desire for being viewed as individuals rather than being defined by their allergy. Support from other peers with food allergy is crucial for the participants. Transition to independently managing risks introduces uncertainty and social constraints, affecting self-understanding and interactions. Clinicians should prioritise peer support and empower teenagers in managing the risk and psychosocial challenges.

Transitioning wastewater treatment plants towards resource recovery: Challenges and opportunities in Zvishavane, Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT Developing countries still lag in transitioning wastewater treatment plants towards resource recovery. This study assessed the challenges hindering and opportunities enabling the implementation of resource recovery from municipal wastewater treatment in Zvishavane town, Zimbabwe using the descriptive case study research design to collect data from selected key informant interviewees. Findings highlighted that resource recovery from Zvishavane’s Mabula wastewater treatment plant was at a nascent but dormant stage. Policy, economic, technological factors and lack of expertise were identified as limiting the transition towards resource recovery in Zvishavane. On the other hand, findings indicated that several enabling factors could enable the transition of the Mabula wastewater treatment plant into a resource recovery facility. These included the presence of entrepreneurs working in the resource recovery sector, university-utility collaboration and a vast raw material base. A stakeholder interaction model was developed to create pathways towards resource recovery in Zvishavane.

Problematika Angkringan Tradisional (AT) di Yogyakarta: Pembacaan Kondisi Empiris Angkringan Tradisional (AT) Menggunakan Konsep Modernitas dan Gentrifikasi

Angkringan has become a cultural symbol, urban feature and social space for the people of Yogyakarta and its surroundings. However, deculturalization and modernity have been considered to be the main challenges for the existence of traditional angkringan (TA) in the city of Yogyakarta. This research aims to explain the potential problems faced by traditional angkringan in the midst of the urban modernity process that is occurring and its relationship with institutional attitudes towards modernity. This research was conducted around the university area of Gadjah Mada University and Yogyakarta State University. Data collection methods were carried out through field observations, informal interviews, and literature review data. The results of this research show that development with the concept of modernity which is interpreted in a limited way, the shift from informal spaces to formal spaces, business competition, technological developments and social changes have more or less influenced the existence of traditional angkringan. Apart from that, modernity can be said to have shifted the role, function and physicality of traditional angkringan from public spaces

Graduate Student Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Individual Development Plans

Individual development plans (IDPs) are increasingly being used in higher education to provide personalized guidance to students that can foster a more purposeful and productive education experience. In this study, we document the graduate student’s perspective on the effectiveness of the IDP based on responses from students in course- and thesis-based masters and doctoral programs in science and social science. Informational interviews and mentor meetings were seen as the most useful components of the IDP. Students also felt that the IDP had helped them with many career development activities, but they also highlighted several challenges. Findings from a content and thematic analysis provide insight for those interested in implementing the IDP at their own institution.

"Just a knife wound this week, nothing too painful": An ethnographic exploration of how primary care patients experiencing homelessness view their own health and healthcare.

Community health needs assessments (CHNA) involving qualitative techniques help tailor health services to the specific needs of the population groups for whom they are designed. In light of increasing health disparities amongst people experiencing homelessness (PEH)-and to ensure the integration of their voices into a larger CHNA-this study used an ethnographic approach grounded in a social constructivist research paradigm to explore the perspectives of PEH attending a primary care and addiction service in Ireland on their priority health and healthcare needs. Participant observations and informal interviews were conducted with clients experiencing homelessness attending the service for three hours every Monday morning between October 2022 and April 2023. Field note data from active participant observation and informal conversations were collected, anonymised, and analysed using inductive thematic analysis in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the researchers' institutional Research Ethics Committee. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: self-identified priorities, satisfaction with health services, and migrant health. Clients' priority concerns relate to their mental health and personal safety, strengthening ties with children and families, finding a sense of purpose, and feeling better physically. These challenges differ from those of the general population in terms of their severity observed both prior to and during experiences of homelessness, coupled with disproportionately high levels of loss, fear, pain, fatigue, social stigma and other barriers to accessing satisfactory housing. In terms of services, clients are satisfied with their ability to access primary care and harm reduction in a social environment where positive exchanges with friends and providers take place. Conversely, barriers to accessing mental health and addiction services persist including the internalised belief that one is beyond help, lack of access to information on available services and their entry requirements, and lingering stigma within a health system that treats addiction as separate to health. Moving forward, health practitioners may consider holding more regular and open conversations with clients experiencing homelessness about the care they are receiving, its rationale, and whether or not changes are desired that can be safely made. The health needs of migrants and asylum seekers entering homelessness in Ireland are urgent and should be prioritised in future research.

Qatar's multifaceted humanitarian role in Afghanistan since August 2021

AbstractMotivationQatar's humanitarian role in Afghanistan, a less‐explored example of a non‐traditional actor, is crucial in understanding international responses to geopolitical crises. Examining Qatar's involvement provides insights into the complex dynamics of humanitarian assistance, diplomatic efforts, and post‐crisis challenges.PurposeThe study examines Qatar's multifaceted role in Afghanistan since 2021, highlighting its impact as a non‐traditional actor in complex humanitarian operations and diplomacy.Approach and methodsThe research combines a desk review of online sources, academic literature, reports, non‐governmental organization documents, and media articles with first‐hand observations and informal stakeholder interviews. It also analyses international aid statistics from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs' Financial Tracking Service and the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development's Development Assistance Committee.FindingsQatar emerged as a key humanitarian player in Afghanistan, adopting a whole‐of‐society approach. Its efforts encompassed emergency relief, evacuations, educational support, and humanitarian diplomacy, effectively bridging the Taliban with international actors after the takeover.Policy implicationsThis research highlights the impactful role of non‐traditional donors, as seen with Qatar in Afghanistan, emphasizing their potential in complex humanitarian scenarios. The study advocates recognizing and leveraging the unique capabilities of smaller states and non‐traditional actors in humanitarian responses, promoting capacity building to harness their institutional agility and societal resources effectively.