Informal Conversations Research Articles

How using light touch immersion research revealed important insights into the lack of progress in malaria elimination in Eastern Indonesia.

By 2022, the Government of Indonesia had successfully eliminated malaria in 389 out of 514 districts but continues to face a challenge in Eastern Indonesia where 95% of the total 2021 malaria cases were reported from Papua, West Papua and Nusa Tenggara Timur provinces. There is an increased recognition that malaria elimination will require a better understanding of the human behavioural factors hindering malaria prevention and treatment, informed by local context and local practice. This research used a light-touch immersion research approach. Field researchers lived in communities over several days to gather data through informal conversations, group-based discussions using visual tools, participant observation and direct experience. The study was conducted in four high malaria endemic areas in Papua, West Papua, and Sumba Islands in Nusa Tenggara Timur. The research highlights how people's perception of malaria has changed since the introduction of effective treatment which, in turn, has contributed to a casual attitude towards early testing and adherence to malaria treatment. It also confirms that people rarely accept there is a link between mosquitoes and malaria based on their experience but nevertheless take precautions against the annoyance of mosquitoes. There is widespread recognition that babies and small children, elderly and incomers are more likely to be seriously affected by malaria and separately, more troubled by mosquitoes than indigenous adult populations. This is primarily explained by acclimatization and strong immune systems among the latter. Using immersion research enabled behaviour research within a naturalistic setting, which in turn enabled experiential-led analysis of findings and revealed previously unrecognized insights into attitudes towards malaria in Eastern Indonesia. The research provides explanations of people's lack of motivation to consistently use bed nets, seek early diagnosis or complete courses of treatment. The felt concern for the wellbeing of vulnerable populations highlighted during light touch immersion provides an entry point for future social behaviour change communication interventions. Rather than trying to explain transmission to people who deny this connection, the research concludes that it may be better to focus separately on the two problems of malaria and mosquitoes (especially for vulnerable groups) thereby resonating with local people's own experience and felt concerns.

Melding language and image: Kaytetye Indigemoji as a language learning project

ABSTRACT Purpose In recent years, digital projects have created tools for learning languages, such as mobile applications (apps). In contexts where the language has low prestige, innovative digital learning tools can support language revitalisation. This article takes the Australian Kaytetye Indigemoji app as a case study in community resource development. It aims to do two things: (1) show how resource development can be a vital forum for language teaching and learning; and (2) assess the affordances of digital images—fundamental to the Indigemoji app—for Indigenous language learning. Methodology Taking an ethnographic approach encompassing informal conversation and participant observation embedded in relevant literature, we analyse the community workshop where the Kaytetye Indigemoji app was developed. Findings We find that the development process can provide an essential language-learning activity. We also find that visual opportunities presented by the app harness existing multimodal practices in central Australian Indigenous communities, including symbolic art and a highly developed alternate sign language. We show that effective digital learning resources can be built through community development processes which engage with local learning methods. Value This research identifies how digital resource development can be harnessed to be maximally useful for Indigenous language learning in a small and relatively disadvantaged area in Australia.

Where’s the E in OE? A critical analysis of Irish outdoor education

AbstractVery little empirical research has been conducted on Irish outdoor education practice(s). This inquiry aims to critically explore outdoor education practices in public Outdoor Education and Training Centres in the Republic of Ireland. First, an overview of the development of Irish outdoor education from the mid-twentieth century onwards is provided to locate the study within its unique cultural and historical background. Data were generated through document analysis, participant observation, and informal conversation with practitioners and management through multiple field visits. Creative non-fiction was used as a method to organise and present the data in a coherent and anonymised manner. Thematic analysis revealed three principal findings: a lack of engagement with theory, programming by logistics, and ideological dissonance. How these findings affect practice are discussed in terms of a place-based focus to practice as well as a need for more direction for practice to be informed by research and theory.

Developing meaningful leadership in organizations: Evidence from a cross-case analysis in India

PurposeThe extant organizational leadership literature acknowledges the utility of pursuing meaningful leadership, yet the scarcity of meaningful leaders persists. This paper compares two cases to elicit the factors distinguishing successful and unsuccessful meaningful leadership.Design/methodology/approachThis paper delves into the strategies and practices of leaders in two organizations, and data are collected in the form of field notes of participant observations, and informal conversations with the members of both organizations. It seeks to unveil the defining characteristics of a leader who fosters member meaningfulness (Organization X) compared to one who does not (Organization Y).FindingsThe paper highlights distinct strategies that contribute to meaningful leadership. Effective leaders emphasize broader objectives, align values, adopt participatory leadership, mitigate meaninglessness, and promote continuous learning and growth. Conversely, ineffective leaders prioritize short-term goals, overlook value alignment, and lack participative engagement; together, these factors enable leaders to inspire, engage, and guide their teams with a sense of meaning.Practical implicationsBy acknowledging that meaningful leaders may not be easily developed, organizations can shift focus towards identifying and nurturing such leaders, enhancing their capacity to foster genuine meaning among members and thereby improving overall organizational effectiveness.Originality/valueThis paper’s unique contribution lies in its comparative analysis of real-world cases, illuminating the specific practices that underlie meaningful leadership. By delineating the critical factors contributing to meaningfulness, this research lays a foundation for organizations to locate and cultivate leaders capable of engendering authentic meaning within their teams.

Digitization of Microfinancing Operational Procedures

This study delves into the crucial theme of enhancing income-generating capacity, recognizing its pivotal role in meeting basic human needs and catalyzing prosperity within communities. The motivation behind this research lies in addressing this significant issue through the lens of microfinancing, a viable solution to the identified problem. Focusing on a group of microfinancing units strategically located in North Cotabato, Philippines, this study follows the experiences of personnel within these units. The integration of digitization into their operational procedures aimed to elevate service efficiency, providing a contemporary solution to the challenges faced. The research methodology employed was qualitative, utilizing purposive sampling to gain in-depth insights. Observations, interviews, and informal conversations with key informants, including loan officers, branch managers, and an area monitor, were integral to the inquiry. Both physical and electronic documents played a crucial role in enriching the data collected. Specifically, the study aimed to identify both digitized and non-digitized operational procedures, elucidate the experiences of microfinancing employees concerning these procedures, observe the effects of digitization, and pinpoint immediate improvements resulting from digitization. Key conclusions emerged from the study. Notably, loan processing was identified as the sole procedure yet to undergo digitization. The digitized procedures, encompassing data management, loan disbursement, repayment tracking, and financial reporting, demonstrated notable advantages, characterized by increased speed and reduced errors. Importantly, personnel satisfaction with digitized operational procedures witnessed a positive upturn. Identified improvements that underscore these findings include digitizing loan processing, optimization of loan officers' client-handling capacity, and fortifying institutional data security.

Camel Ownership as a Passage to Adulthood in Omani Bedouin Culture

ABSTRACT The development of adolescent humans through child–pet interaction and attachment is the focus of the current study. The context is the Omani Bedouin culture, which is inseparably linked to camel culture. This culture promotes the importance of nurturing relationships between camels and their cameleers. We suggest that proximity to and contact with camels from an early age helps camel-owning Bedouin children to navigate their journey more smoothly from childhood to adulthood. The study is based on informal conversations, collected over 1 year, with Bedouin children and their parents who have all grown up with camels in Al Wahiba, a Bedouin people of the Sharqiyah, Oman. By analyzing such narratives, we aimed to demonstrate the depth of impact that this contact with camels has on the cognitive, emotional, and social development of Bedouin children. The data suggest that child cameleers experience emotional, social, and cognitive benefits from contact with and attachment to camels. The findings from the parents of these adolescents also suggest that the children demonstrate higher levels of cognitive and emotional maturity and seem to socialize and become integrated into the community more easily compared with their siblings who do not own camels. The novelty of the current study is that it sheds light on how the socio-cultural context embedded in the Bedouin culture affects the degree and nature of a child’s attachment to a pet camel and how that affects development in adolescence. The research took an inclusive approach by including both human and nonhuman agents (camels) in the analysis, and we discuss the findings in a post-colonial context.

Latinx Teachers Engaging Students, Parents, and Families

ABSTRACT Classroom teachers and certified English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers struggle staying current with pedagogical approaches and strategies to work with diverse student populations. In order to support Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) students’ success in the classroom, teachers must implement effective teaching strategies. Teaching without knowing the students’ background knowledge is problematic for all students. To this end, this study explored (a) how teachers who graduated from a federally funded bilingual and bicultural education program engage in justice agendas for their CLD students, (b) the things these in-service teachers attribute as barriers and support systems in their social justice work, and (c) the educational strategies the in-service Latinx teachers value in their role as advocates in their social justice work. Qualitative and Critical Qualitative Research (CQR) was our overarching framework to examine participants’ experiences regarding social justice. Latino/a Critical Race Theory/LatCrit was our theoretical framework with trenzas y mestizaje (braids and mixture) as the methodological framework. Data collection was based on testimonios collected through individual pláticas and group pláticas (formal and/or informal conversations) elicited by the use of tesoros (treasures). Data was analyzed and interpreted through Trenzas y Mestizaje and LatCrit. Specifically, data analysis was achieved through braiding the participants’ experiences and/or testimonios. The following prominent themes emerged: (a) Effective classroom strategies, (b) Parent and family involvement, (c) Relationships, (d) Barriers as pre-service and in-service teachers: Resilience. The findings of this study indicate that all participants described their effectiveness as teachers through the implementation of specific strategies, intrinsic motivation for teaching Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students (CLDs), and the sense of commitment to being role models to their students. Additionally, the findings indicate how the participants were able to overcome barriers through resilience, support from colleagues, administrators, and family members. These participants/Latinx teachers have been teaching advocating, informing, and engaging their students, parent, and families for the past seventeen years, by providing them with resources and strategies to navigate the U.S. education system.

Mapping the Landscape of Data Collection: A Reflection on the Dynamics of Fieldwork in Qualitative Research

This study explores the complexities of qualitative fieldwork and unpacks the fieldwork dynamics drawing on critical reflections based on the experiences of interviewing primary level teachers in exploring their identities. I argue that qualitative fieldwork is not a one-shot, linear activity but a negotiated and relational task requiring a flexible and context-specific plan. This study identifies challenges associated with the fieldwork relating to establishing and sustaining a good relationship and reciprocity between the researcher and the participants, unequal power dynamics between the researcher and the participants, participants’ familiarity with and habitual response to the survey questionnaires, narrow understanding of confidentiality and anonymity as ethical considerations, unmatched gender between the researcher and the participants, and through and detailed capture of micro field jottings and writing the fieldnotes. I suggest initiating fieldwork with sufficient informal conversation and establishing a rapport to gain the participants’ trust, positioning oneself as an insider to acquire valuable and meaningful data.Fieldwork

Minecraft and Super Mario as enacted in a preschool setting: Children's engagements with digital popular culture beyond player–interface–screen ecologies

The present paper explores how the video games of Minecraft and Super Mario become enacted through children's play, material settings and toys in a Swedish preschool. Ethnographic methods, including participant observations and informal conversations, have been used and the empirical materials produced have been analyzed with methodological resources from Actor-Network Theory. The analysis focuses on how Minecraft and Super Mario become enacted through relations between children's bodies, physical movements as well as material interiors and exteriors of the preschool. Moreover, the analysis shows how multiple versions of the games of Minecraft and Super Mario become enacted in the preschool setting depending on what elements become active in a particular situation. On the whole, the findings of the paper question grand narratives on “active” and “passive” gameplaying children, featuring children and local settings as producers of digital popular culture.

Translatabilitas Phrasal Verbs ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia

This qualitative study focuses on the translatability of phrasal verbs by exploring the problem of their untranslatability into Indonesian, strategies for overcoming this issue and achieving meaning equivalence between the source and the target texts. The issue of untranslatability of phrasal verbs can arise due to the lack of equivalents with the same meaning as the source text, target language equivalents that are too formal and not commonly used in informal conversations, the absence of specific equivalents for the phrasal verbs, target language equivalents that are too lengthy and may result in inefficient sentences, and the phrasal verb’s meaning being too specific for its equivalents to be used in all contexts. This problem of untranslatability can be addressed by implementing strategies such as paraphrasing, offering additional information to complete the target text meaning, and applying modulation. Equivalence between the two texts is attained by using equivalents that can function in the same situation as the source text, providing equivalents in the form of explanations or additional information, using equivalents that explain the meaning from a different perspective. Additionally, equivalents have to be determined based on context in which the phrasal verbs are used, and the selection of equivalents should not be limited to the verb category only. Although there are no phrasal verbs in Indonesian, they can still be translated because the transfer is of the meaning rather than the language form. When both texts are equivalent, it suggests that the translator has a strong grasp of the source and target languages and has made appropriate adjustments to convey the intended meaning. This study aims to enhance the field of translation studies, specifically in regards to the translatability of phrasal verbs.

A participatory and inclusive 2-year-old infant classroom

The objective is to analyse the progress of a 2-year-olds classroom in a school in Cantabria (Spain) towards an inclusive participation project. The research, carried out over three school years, has been based on the qualitative paradigm and ethnographic approach. A variety of research strategies have been employed: participant observation; discussion groups; informal conversations; ambulation and child conferencing using image elicitation. We have analysed the transformation of the educational approach in a classroom for 2-year-olds into a pedagogy of inclusive participation. These transformation process have deployed through three practitioner enquiry cycles with different focuses: materials and proposals; curriculum as progetazzione; decision-making opportunities and child participation. These transformation processes have also allowed educators to move towards a critical ecology of the profession perspective. Finally, the teachers who enquired into their educational reality by listening to children, embarded on a process of transformation towards more participatory education.

Perlmutter visited. Japanese international business strategic orientation transformation in India: progress made and forces against

PurposeAlthough Asia's rise in the global economy is increasingly recognized, international business (IB) interactions between Japan and India remain under-commented. These interactions are especially salient due to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 17 (UN SDG 17), which focuses on partnerships. This study updates and analyzes the strategic orientation of Japanese multinational enterprises (MNEs) in India.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a subjectivist approach, this study employs a constructivist epistemology. Utilizing mixed methods, it obtains primary data from interviews and informal conversations with senior personnel from Japan and India and secondary data from archives. These data then undergo manual organic thematic analysis.FindingsThe study reveals instances of Japanese MNEs diverging from traditional ethnocentric orientations, such as senior management's growing commitment to India. The findings also indicate that the transformation to a polycentric orientation remains incomplete.Practical implicationsThe study uncovers themes impeding a polycentric transformation, offering insights for strengthening international partnerships and emphasizing the necessity of prioritizing local demands and cultural expectations.Social implicationsClues to strengthening IB contribute to attain UN SDG 17, especially given the advanced-emerging characteristics of the Japan–India dyad.Originality/valueThis study’s research makes a novel contribution to the literature on international strategic orientations by providing insights into a rare dyad – namely, Japanese MNE expansion in India. It is also a valuable and timely addition consistent with current beyond-China business diversification trends.

Condescension or collaboration? Local people’s perspectives on the incorporation of indigenous knowledge in tourism development, Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe

The incorporation of indigenous knowledge in development projects has been promoted worldwide as a way of preserving the knowledge of indigenous people. Yet, there is a dearth of research on the perspectives of indigenous people on the incorporation of indigenous knowledge in tourism development. This study examines the potential of tourism incorporating indigenous knowledge systems in the rural communities of Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. In-depth interviews were conducted with 43 local people in the four districts of the case study area as well as 22 key informants from different government departments involved with community-based tourism development in the country to enrich the data. Other qualitative research methods, including observations and informal conversations, were also used to collect data. Data was analysed through a six-phase thematic analysis. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that tourism development does incorporate indigenous knowledge systems in rural communities of Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. The results indicate that traditional leaders are recognised while local traditions and protocols are followed, and sacred sites are respected. Recommendations are given and areas for future research are suggested.

Adjusting advance care planning to older people’s needs: results from focus groups and interviews

BackgroundAdvance care planning (ACP) is becoming increasingly important in medical care. Some suggest standardized approaches to initiate ACP with all older adults. However, the idea of patient-centered care suggests more nuanced approaches tailored to individual older adults’ needs. This study investigated how older adults with different views and needs about ACP can be approached in an adequate and most beneficial way by health care professionals.MethodsWe used questionnaires, interviews, focus groups and informal conversations with older adults, living in their own homes, who volunteered to take part in our research. The research was participatory as we collaborated closely with practice partners and we used the obtained findings immediately and continuously to inform the next steps of our research throughout the process.ResultsWe identified three subgroups of older adults with differential needs regarding ACP-related activities: The first group avoids talking about their needs and wishes for care towards the end of life. These older people benefit from activities, which aim at motivating them to concern themselves with ACP-related topics. The second group consists of older adults who are in principle open for ACP-conversations but do not initiate these themselves. This group either trusts their next-of-kin or their healthcare professional to act in accordance with their wishes or does not bring up the topic in order to avoid confronting relevant others with possibly unpleasant topics. This group of people benefits from information about ACP and from healthcare professionals initiating the ACP process. The third group of older people initiates the ACP process themselves, gathers information, and takes the necessary steps for ACP. With this group it remains relevant to check carefully whether they have indeed taken all relevant steps and shared the information with all relevant involved care institutions and relatives.ConclusionsWe propose a model to simplify adjustments of ACP to individuals’ needs. Our suggested approach might contribute to increasing the motivation of older people to engage in ACP conversations if these are more closely related to their own needs. Further, it might also contribute to simplifying the individual shaping of the ACP process for healthcare professionals as our suggested model offers clear guidance for approaching different types of older people in different ways. The suggested approach may in future be used for training health care professionals in the conduct of ACP conversations.

“It is because the treatment of this lady is a cascade”: Accumulation of delays and the occurrence of obstetric emergencies in an urban maternity unit in Tanzania

ObjectiveTo explore healthcare workers’ and women's experiences of providing and seeking childbirth care in a busy urban maternity facility in Tanzania. DesignA qualitative study with observations, in-depth interviews, and informal conversations, using thematic network analysis. SettingThis study was conducted in a busy urban maternity unit in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania which is a low-resource setting with a need to improve childbirth care. ParticipantsSix frontline healthcare providers and four hospital managers from the facility, along with six postpartum women who gave birth at the facility. FindingsDelays were observed throughout the childbirth care cascade, encompassing various stages. During antenatal care, timely provision of care was hindered by a high patientto-provider ratio, resulting in inadequate monitoring of risk factors. At the onset of labor, women delayed seeking care, sometimes, attempting a trial of labor after a previous Caesarean section. Within the facility, delays in care decision-making and patient management were evident due to insufficient resources. The accumulation of these delays over time influenced the quality of care provided and challenged the management of obstetric emergencies at the study facility. Key conclusionsThe study findings show that delays are prevalent throughout the entire childbirth care cascade. The accumulation of these delays over time has influenced the quality of care provided at the facility and increased the vulnerability of women experiencing obstetric emergencies. To effectively address the imperative of reducing maternal mortality in low-resource settings, it is essential to develop appropriate interventions that span the entire spectrum of childbirth care. Additionally, further research is needed to delve into the complexities of care decision-making and the quality of care delivered within urban maternal facilities. Implications for practiceOur findings stress the need for comprehensive childbirth interventions and contextspecific guidelines to address challenges across the care cascade, particularly in lowresource settings. Urgent attention is required to prioritize care during patient triage and address systemic challenges within the healthcare system to improve birth outcomes and ensure effective facility-based care provision.Trial registration number: NCT04685668Date of initial trial registration: December 28th, 2020

Wildlife Consumption Dynamics: Unveiling Conduru Park in Southern Bahia, Brazil

The current investigation aimed to identify the wild animals utilized as a food source in five locations within the Serra do Conduru State Park region, Bahia, Brazil. The field survey was conducted from June 2016 to July 2017, involving semi-structured interviews and informal conversations with 45 hunters. The composition of species used for sustenance in the five locations was characterized through permutation multivariate analyses of variance. Generalized linear models were constructed to evaluate whether socio-demographic variables among hunters influenced the number of captured species. A total of 67 species (34 families and 22 orders) of hunting significance were documented in the region, with 41 being hunted for consumption. The most represented taxa were mammals (32), birds (21), reptiles (13), and amphibians (1). Dicotyles tajacu, Dasypus novemcinctus, and Cuniculus paca emerged as the most targeted species for food. Hunters who still reside within the conservation unit capture a greater number of wild animals. Older hunters and those with smaller family sizes hunt a broader range of species. The rifle and domestic dogs are the predominant techniques employed in the region. The findings underscore the persistence of illegal hunting practices in the Serra do Conduru State Park region. This emphasizes the necessity for measures directed at the conservation of hunted species, particularly those identified as being under some degree of threat in nature.

Japanese Language Intonation By Japanese Language Education Students

When learning Japanese we will come across sentences that are the same but have different meanings. Because of the similarity of the sentences, many students who study Japanese often make mistakes in pronouncing the sentence and also in understanding the true meaning of it. In written language, the meaning of sentences in Japanese can be distinguished by punctuation. For example, an interrogative sentence can be distinguished by looking at the ka(か) particle behind the sentence, then a command sentence, and so on can be identified by looking at the predicate. However, in conversations, especially informal conversations, it becomes vague, for example, the loss of the ka(か) particle in interrogative sentences and so on. This can be understood by the interlocutor when we use the right intonation. In learning Japanese, less is taught about intonation differences, and there are many misunderstandings when communicating with Japanese people. Therefore, the researcher did study about the difference in meaning caused by intonation in the same sentence. This study aimed to identify intonation in sentences produced by students of the Japanese language study program. This research was carried out using exploratory qualitative research methods and data were collected using in-depth interviews. The data collected in the form of spoken sentences spoken by Japanese language study program students who are also native Japanese were classified, analyzed, and then described in writing. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis using a Speech Analyzer (SA) as a tool for recording, transcribing, and analyzing speech sounds. Linguists and ethnomusicologists can use SA to investigate, imitate, and explain the acoustic sounds of human language. The main respondents were students of the UNIMA Japanese Language Education Study Program. The number of respondents targeted was 30 people with a duration of 15 min of interviews. The selection of respondents were 5th-semester students who had studied Japanese for approximately 2 years and met the criteria of having studied bunpo and dokkai. Other data sources are in the form of linguistic theory and language comparison
 Keywords: language, intonation, Japanese, , education, students

Teachers’ Beliefs on Parental Involvement in Children’s Transition from Home to ECE Settings

Children’s development is impacted by changes in the environments in which they interact. Normative transitions such as entry into an early childhood education (ECE) setting come with opportunities and challenges for children and their families. Supporting families and encouraging their involvement during the transition period enables children to understand their new environment and make new connections with teachers and classmates. This article analyses case studies from a doctoral research study based in Cameroon and identifies teachers’ beliefs on orientation processes and their contribution towards the transition process to ECE. Examples of transition practices in the study context are shared through data gained from semi-structured interviews, observations, and informal conversations, providing educators’ perspectives and the role of multiple caregivers in children’s daily activities. Findings reveal the need for building connections between teachers and families before families begin attending the educational context, as it allows the families’ individual needs to be better supported. The study provides evidence of the implications of orientation processes aimed at familiarising families and aiding their adaptation to a new educational context. The article considers teachers’ views on transition and suggests recommendations for effective orientation processes that address the specific needs of families.

Reflections on Our Journeys to Foregrounding Students’ Experiences Through Literature in a Pre-Service Teacher Education Programme

ABSTRACT In this essay, four teacher educators explore their journeys towards foregrounding students’ lived experiences when teaching literature. Data about our teaching of literature in different contexts were generated through our personal reflective narratives and ensuing dialogic critical friend conversations. Inductive thematic analysis of the narratives revealed that in spite of our diverse initial teaching contexts and trajectories, we initially all taught in much the same teacher-centred way. We also came to the realisation, however, that over the years our informal conversations had played a role in our teaching, allowing us to move beyond our educations. Collaborative teaching relationships developed out of incidental corridor conversations and these have been instrumental in reshaping our teaching of literature, enabling us to make literary texts relevant to societal issues and the lived experiences of our students.

Inhabiting humanitarian borderscapes: claiming rights and organizing dissent in post-2011 southeastern Tunisia

ABSTRACT Since 2011, the evolving dynamics of the Libyan civil war combined with the EU’s efforts to delegate sea patrolling in the Central Mediterranean to Libyan entities, resulted in Tunisia witnessing a surge in border crossings through Libya. This article argues that southeastern Tunisia consequently morphed into a humanitarian borderscape, where the personnel of International Organizations and their partner NGOs entrusted with the assistance and protection of mobile populations, de facto contributed to border enforcement. Based on interviews and informal conversations conducted in 2018 and 2019 with Tunisian NGOs, local institutional actors, national and international activists, refugees, asylum seekers, and irregularized migrants, this contribution demonstrates how such a metamorphosis impacted spontaneous solidarity networks that emerged post-2011. It also illuminates tensions and disruptions experienced by both borderland citizens and displaced individuals, particularly from Northeast Africa, as they negotiate an active presence within these altered border dynamics.