Influential Leaders Research Articles

#Storytime: An analysis of COVID-19 origin narratives and conspiracies on TikTok

ABSTRACT This study delves into the construction, communication, and reception of crisis narratives on TikTok, specifically focusing on videos discussing the purported origins of COVID-19 via the hashtag #covidorigin. Employing a content analysis approach, this research examines patterns in content types and their relationship with public engagement metrics such as views, likes, comments, and shares. This study observed that popular TikTok videos discussing the origin of COVID-19 majorly incorporated at least one of the following: a first-hand narrative (a story in the first-person), a secondhand narrative (an account someone heard from other people), and/or an informational report (e.g., legislative documents, news reports, and book summaries). Additionally, while U.S. intelligence agencies have yet to reach a consensus on COVID-19’s origin, this research detected a surge in #covidorigin videos following a 2023 interview in which FBI Director Wray stated that COVID-19 likely originated from a laboratory incident in China. Overall, this study suggests the influential role public leaders and media sources have in disseminating COVID-19 information and the importance of coherent crisis narratives in shaping public understanding. It also considers the effects of content types and communication formats in terms of how the public engages with speculative claims online.

The Impact of Personality on Productivity and Job Performance

Abstract: There is a growing body of research on the impact of personality on job performance. Additional research is required to examine the influence of individual variations and perceptions on workplace conduct and productivity. Productivity is a critical quantitative element in determining the success of any individual to excel in a competitive environment and must effectively utilise limited resources. Job performance is a qualitative indicator of an individuals level of success within the workspace. For this study, the research method used is a survey to analyse the impact of different personalities on job performance and productivity. The results illustrate introverts are more productive despite displaying lower job performance than extroverts. In general, the personality questionnaire's design may have a limited representation of introverts due to their quiet nature. Ambiverts may be more challenging to distinguish during analysis. The study indicates the necessity of a more comprehensive comprehension of personality traits, with a specific emphasis on demographics and the working environment. Providing peaceful environments and designated time slots can enhance introverted performance in the workplace. Extraverts can excel at extroverted tasks but may struggle to adapt to introverted settings. Ambiverts possess both qualities, making influential leaders possible. Furthermore, this paper advises including supplementary control factors to establish a causal relationship between personality and workplace capability.

Topic modelling and sentiment analysis during COVID-19 revealed emotions changes for public health

Between 2020 and 2022, lockdown and restraining measures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in daily routines and also in language usage. At certain points during the pandemic, populations in some countries were unwilling or unlikely to respond to government messages, either because of the tone and analytic discourse used by leaders, or because they did not understand the messages. Linguistic markers and meanings were therefore linked to low levels of engagement, negative emotions and high levels of analytical thinking, especially in relation to the discourses of influential international leaders. We subjected sixteen speeches by eight country leaders to topic modelling and sentiment analysis in order to understand how the psychological functions of language were affected during two different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this topic analysis we organize 39,073 words collected from sixteen authentic speeches delivered in two different periods of the acute phase of the pandemic. These were encoded in the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count program (LIWC), with the main aim being to identify differences between the periods. We examined the following aspects: (1) the emotional tone, analytical thinking and clout (empathy dimension); (2) the changes in these three dimensions or factors between periods 1 and 2 (February and May 2020). We observed a negative relationship between emotional tone and analytical thinking and a positive relationship between clout and emotional tone. When we considered the changes in pandemic circumstances, the psycholinguistic profiles of eight country leaders demonstrated fluctuations in language and emotions. Further reviews and research should focus on the current language and deficit wording of this population (leaders). We also note that psychologists and schoolteachers can play an important role in supporting language programmes with positive wording and by emphasising the collateral effects of face-to-face classes when teaching children to read and write.

Institutional investment in addictive industries: an important commercial determinant of health.

The production of addictive commodities is subject to a range of commercial determinants. There has nevertheless been a gap in understanding how investments into addictive commodities may function as commercial determinants. Institutional investors can yield important financial power with their investment decisions. Many investors apply responsible investment (RI) policies to address environmental, social, and governance concerns. Negative screening is used to exclude certain sectors or companies from investment portfolios, mainly for ethical concerns. Negative screening also affects investment into tobacco and other addictive industries. This article investigates RI policies toward addictive industries among institutional investors that are signatories of the Tobacco-Free Finance Pledge (TFFP; N = 161). The TFFP is an initiative created in 2021 to de-normalize tobacco-related investments. The mixed-method study uses descriptive statistics to quantify the extent and scope of exclusion policies as well as institutional and geographical profiles of investors, and a qualitative analysis of the justifications for these exclusion policies. Some TFFP signatories apply negative screening to other addictive industries (gambling: 35%; alcohol: 24%; cannabis 12% of signatories). There are important differences in the applied exclusion thresholds, with only 47% of TFFP signatories applying a zero-tolerance policy to tobacco. Thresholds are higher for other addictive industries. Signatories also differ in terms of their geographical and investor profiles. Justifications pertaining to compliance with international standards and reputational risks were the most common. Addictive industries, such as tobacco, alcohol, gambling, and recreational cannabis, are increasingly excluded by investors. However, different understandings of RI influence how sector exclusions are implemented. Divesting from tobacco and other addictive industries is a crucial step toward a public health approach that prioritizes population health over financial profits. Prominent institutional investors are influential opinion leaders who can change the behavior of other investors and de-normalize controversial industries and reduce or prevent harm.

Pope Francis as an influential leader? How papal statements affect public attitudes toward anti-poverty measures

Abstract Pope Francis has been very active in the public debate on several key social and political issues, gaining a role that foregoes the sphere of religiosity and morality. Overall, he has been perceived by the media and the general public as a leftist figure and even a modernizer. Nonetheless, little is known about the influence of Pope Francis' positions on public opinion, especially beyond the climate change issue and outside the US context. In this regard, this paper contributes to the analysis of the Francis effect on public support for poverty alleviation measures. By employing a survey experiment carried out in Italy, we therefore tested whether the papal endorsement of an anti-poverty measure during the COVID-19 pandemic affected people's support for it. The results highlighted a generalized Francis effect among the Italian public. In addition, trust in the Pope and leftist political orientation substantially enhanced this effect, while the same only partially applies to individual religiosity.

Portrayal of Kazakhstan: Sentiment and Topics in Online Media (2022-2023)

This paper sought to delineate how English media frame Kazakhstan. We employed co-occurrence network and sentiment analysis across 130 newspaper pieces published in 2022 and 2023. The results showed that the news in the UK and Qatar often associated Kazakhstan with Russia and China, and also referred to it as a Muslim country, which until the events of January 2022 was considered a peaceful and quiet country. Among the prevailing terms, there were “Kazakhstan,” “country,” “Tokayev,” “Russia,” and “protest”. Kazakhstan was represented as a country ruled by an influential leader (Tokayev), maintaining diplomatic relations with countries in Europe and Asia. Kazakhstan’s image suffered due to the violent crackdown on protests during the January events and accusations of supporting Russia to circumvent sanctions, which the government denies. However, the January events awakened a wave of foreign media interest in Kazakhstan, which gradually subsided over time. The sentiment analysis unearthed that the peak of positive sentiment coincided with events such as scientific achievements, cultural successes and progressive changes, while the decline was characterized by coverage of problems within the country facing serious challenges, including worker safety issues, political suppression, economic instability and questions about the legitimacy of elections. Resultantly, a rather ambivalent portrayal emerged.

PKM Pelatihan Manajemen Kepemimpinan dalam Meningkatkan Skill Berorganisasi Siswa

This training aims to develop the organizational skills of MA Badridduja student council through a structured, hands-on approach. The program is designed to provide theoretical understanding as well as practical skills that students can apply in their daily lives. Interactive methods such as group discussions, simulations, and role-playing are used to help students understand the concept of leadership and how to apply it in an organizational context. Careful preparation prior to implementation, such as information dissemination, preparation of training materials, and coordination with relevant parties, were key to the success of this training. The implementation phase included initial evaluation and delivery of training materials. The final evaluation showed significant improvement in students' abilities in leadership and organizational skills. The results of this training show that students not only get direct benefits in the development of leadership skills and organizational skills. In addition, it also provides a solid foundation for students' academic success and prepares them to become competent and influential future leaders in society.

ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN INDIAN POLITICAL COMMUNICATION: A STUDY OF CORPUS LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL NARRATIVE ON TWITTER DURING KARNATAKA ASSEMBLY ELECTION 2023

This study examines the political communication strategies applied during the Karnataka Assembly elections on May 23, 2023, with a specific focus on the Twitter (now X) as a platform. The Karnataka Assembly elections held notable importance for the then ruling Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP), as it aimed to consolidate its political influence in southern India in preparation for the upcoming 2024 general elections. The Indian National Congress, as the opposition party, perceived this as a favourable circumstance, as the voters appeared to be divided as a result of the presence of numerous influential local leaders who were not in sync with the ideology of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). This study utilises the Corpus linguistic methodology to examine the data obtained from the social media platform, Twitter, where political campaigning has become a significant strategy for achieving political mileage in India. This study conducts an analysis of the tweets shared by significant political actors throughout the campaign season for the Assembly elections, with a focus on examining the precise influence exerted by these tweets on the political discourse. The findings serve to reaffirm the resilience of the Indian democracy, as the electorate has demonstrated their capacity to differentiate and discern between matters of online debate and those that hold local significance. The study provides additional evidence to support the notion that the Twitter platform serves as a virtual space for political expression and the exchange of varied perspectives. However, it is important to note that these expressions and ideas may not necessarily translate into immediate influence on voting behaviour.

Впливові лідери Алжирських поміркованих ісламістських партій: порівняльне дослідження політичної діяльності Махфуза Нахнаха і Абдалли Джабалли

Впливові лідери Алжирських поміркованих ісламістських партій: порівняльне дослідження політичної діяльності Махфуза Нахнаха і Абдалли Джабалли

Judicial leadership matters (yet again): the association between judge and public trust for artificial intelligence in courts

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding in myriad industries and systems. This study sought to investigate public trust in using AI in the criminal court process. While previous research has identified factors that influence trust in AI, such as perceived accuracy and transparency of algorithms, less is known about the role of influential leaders—such as judges—in shaping public trust in new technology. This study examined the relationship between locus of control, anthropomorphism, cultural values, and perceived trust in AI. Participants completed a survey assessing their perceptions of trust in AI in determining bail eligibility, bail fines and fees, sentencing length, sentencing fines and fees, and writing legal documents (e.g., findings and disposition). Participants were more likely to trust AI performing financial calculations rather than determining bail eligibility, sentence length, or drafting legal documents. Participants’ comfort with AI in decision-making also depended on their perceptions of judges’ trust in AI, and they expressed concerns about AI perpetuating bias and the need for extensive testing to ensure accuracy. Interestingly, no significant association was found with other participant characteristics (e.g., locus of control, anthropomorphism, or cultural values). This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the role of judges as influential leaders in shaping public trust in AI and examining the influence of individual differences on trust in AI. The findings also help inform the development of recommended practices and ethical guidelines for the responsible use of AI in the courts.

Refugee youth’s perspective on the role that food insecurity plays in a healthy community: a photovoice project

PurposeFood insecurity is a major public health concern, especially for refugee families. Despite the growing population of refugee families in the USA and the harmful effects on youth’s health and well-being, there are limited qualitative studies exploring food insecurity among US refugee adolescents. The use of community-based participatory research and photovoice can highlight the strength of gathering and sharing underrepresented and disadvantaged group experiences. The purpose of this study was to understand adolescent refugee's food insecurity perspectives and experiences, with a nutrition and food access focus. Three main themes and nine subthemes emerged around the role that food security plays in a healthy, thriving community. The main themes included food must be more accessible in school; importance of food access in one’s community; and food access and creating a vibrant community. Implications regarding how to apply these results with community and school-based food programs are discussed.Design/methodology/approachThis study followed a phenomenological research approach to understand the experiences of refugee youth and what constitutes healthy food access in a community. Data analysis was conducted using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis to ensure that data saturation was met (Guest et al., 2006).FindingsThe thematic analysis of the photovoice methodological approach revealed three main themes and nine subthemes around the role that food security plays in a healthy and thriving community. These themes are as follows: food must be more accessible in school; importance of food access in one’s community; and food access and creating a vibrant community.Research limitations/implicationsFunding resources limited the duration of meeting in which we could meet and discuss the photo’s students were taking. Second, consistent with phenomenological studies, the sample size was small. However, common sample size for studies using a phenomenological approach ranged from 5 to 25 (Creswell et al., 2007), which is in alignment with this study. Next, while participants did receive training in the SHOWeD method, the photography training was limited to only one hour. Despite the limited training, participants felt they had sufficient knowledge and skills to take the necessary pictures.Practical implicationsThis study provides important policy implications for school-based food programs, such as food pantries and free or reduced school meals, and how it plays an important role in refugee youth’s well-being and education. Based on feedback from the study participants, many school-based food programs were considered not available or easily accessible, and that youth and their families were often unaware of programs available to them. This study revealed the important role schools can play in ensuring food security among refugee youth and their families as well as for refugee youth to reach their full potential equitably.Originality/valueThis study used a creative research approach that integrates photovoice as a means to elevate the voices of a marginalized populations. This approach has been identified as one of the most culturally appropriate method when working with refugee children and youth (Pieloch et al., 2016). Second, the study included having multiple meetings, that recruited from previously established partnerships. This form of community building and activism elevates participants voices (Catalani and Minkler, 2009). Finally, this study used a cycle of photography and discussion and held a final public photo exhibition for both the participant’s community and its influential leaders (Catalani and Minkler, 2009; Evans-Agnew and Rosemberg, 2016). The results of this study have important policy implications for schools and communities.

Public perceptions of the brand image of nursing: Cross-cultural differences between the United States and China

BackgroundMeasures of public opinion regarding nursing’s brand image are needed to identify and correct perceptions that are incongruent with the breadth and scope of contemporary nursing practice. Misperceptions of nursing’s influence may serve to minimize or disregard nursing’s unique contributions to addressing the Social Determinants of Health which are foundational for improving the health of global populations. PurposeTo compare public perceptions of the brand image of nursing between China and the US and determine whether sociodemographic variables influenced factors between the two countries. MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was distributed among members of the Chinese and US public. Perceptions of nursing’s brand image were assessed through the original Nursing Brand Image Scale-Public Version in the US (NBIS-P©) and when translated to Chinese (NBIS-P-C©). Descriptive statistics and multi-group confirmatory factor analyses were used to compare perceptions of the brand image of nursing and to examine the influence of demographics. FindingsThe reliability of the Chinese version of the NBIS-P-C© was confirmed by this study. Age and gender did not influence public perceptions of nursing’s brand image in either China or the US. Instead, educational attainment was the significant demographic variable and positively correlated with the public’s perceptions of nursing in both countries (p<.05). Public respondents with lower educational attainment scored both the traditional nursing factor “Caregiver Virtues/Attributes” (eg. Trusted, Caring, Nurturing/Mothering) and the factor “Lack Authority/Identity” (eg. White Cap/Uniform, Subservient, Female) higher, while scoring the factor for “Leadership” (eg. Decision Makers, Influential, Leaders) significantly lower than those with higher educational levels. ImplicationsA disparity exists between nursing’s contemporary contributions to healthcare and the public’s limited understanding of the diverse leadership roles all nurses provide, across a variety of settings, and in global public health initiatives. The virtuous traits of the nurse are perceived most directly and immediately by the public while their roles as autonomous decision makers and leaders are less (or not at all) visible. Enhancing the accuracy and visibility of a strong brand image could advance public perceptions of nurses as experts and leaders in nursing science, thus paving the way for nurses to more effectively direct and influence the health of the public, particularly those with lower educational attainment who represent some of the most vulnerable populations. Targeted interventions that incorporate the educational level of the public offer a foundational opportunity for the nursing profession to correct inaccurate and outdated stereotypes that prevent nurses from achieving their desired brand image as influential leaders. Such campaigns could also be used to inform policy, guide strategic planning, and transform the future direction of the nursing profession.

Strategic Judicial Empowerment

Abstract When courts seek to strengthen their own institutional power, they often need to be strategic. In many fraught political contexts, judiciaries lack a history of asserting authority against powerful political actors. How can courts with fragile authority establish and enhance judicial power? This Article explores the phenomenon of strategic judicial empowerment, offering an account of how and when courts deploy various strategies aimed at enhancing their institutional position vis-à-vis other branches of government. Drawing on examples from apex courts in Pakistan, Malawi, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom, it explores the ways in which judges use tools of statecraft to increase the effectiveness of their decisions and enhance their role in the constitutional order. The Article explores the particular strategies that courts might employ in service of self-empowerment: first, a strategy of maxi-minimalism features Marbury-style maximalist reasoning that expands judicial power while issuing a narrow ruling to avoid political backlash; second, an inverse strategy of mini-maximalism involves formalistic, orthodox doctrine that downplays the expansion of judicial power, even as a court delivers a decision of immediate consequence; third, a strategy of coalition-building that aids a judiciary in seeking allies in other institutional stakeholders; fourth, a rhetorical strategy that courts may use to craft a constitutional narrative of popular salience; and, fifth, a unanimous, single-voice decision that provides the optics of a unified judicial front. This Article also considers the conditions that tend to give rise to instances of judicial self-empowerment. Courts in diverse contexts tend to assert themselves, for example, when their own institutional turf is threatened, during moments of political or constitutional crisis, when judges can capitalize on popular support for the outcome of a ruling, and under an influential judicial leader mindful of establishing a legacy.

Advanced practice nurses’ experiences of patient safety: a focus group study

Background: Patient harm from unsafe care is an increasingly global phenomenon leading to death or disability. Drawing on their expertise, Advanced Practice Nurses provide the opportunity to improve care quality and safety. Aim: To explore Nurse Practitioners and Clinical Nurse Consultants’ experiences in patient safety. Design: A qualitative design was used involving six audio-visually recorded focus group interviews. Participants working in an acute or community adult nursing speciality were involved. Methods: Twenty-eight Advanced Practice Nurses (female 82.1%, mean age 47.5 ± 10 years) were recruited by convenience and snowball sampling. After transcription of interview data, qualitative content analysis was conducted. Results: Six categories were identified: patient safety as the highest priority (1), special contribution to patient safety (2), patients/relatives role in safety (3), multidisciplinary team approach (4), government regulation in safety (5), and further needs to improve safety (6). Advanced Practice Nurses saw themselves as role models and leaders for other healthcare staff through their expertise and professional experience and thus able to see the bigger picture in health. They identified as change agents at the system-level due to their decision-making ability and multi-professional team connectivity. Conclusions: This study emphasises the key position of extended nursing roles and the need for future development of patient safety strategies in hospitals and community care. As influential leaders, Advanced Practice Nurses are best placed to identify improvements. They play a central role in guiding the multi-professional team, the patient and their family, educating nursing staff, and identifying and addressing system-wide safety gaps to improve patient safety.

E-Commerce and Live Stream Slip-Ups: Sic Transit Gloria Italian Top Influencer Chiara Ferragni. Uncovering New Attitudes in both Consumer Behavior and Brand Strategies

For those unacquainted with Latin brocards, the title alludes to the downfall of the Italian influencer Chiara Ferragni, currently embroiled in a significant scandal. In contemporary times, numerous international brands resort to influencers to endorse and bolster the sales of their products. Among the various prominent figures, such as footballers, singers, and actors, the 36-year-old Chiara Ferragni distinctly stands out as one of the most renowned fashion bloggers, a designated celebrity, and an influential opinion leader on the global stage. In a span of just a few years, Ferragni successfully established an extensive economic and commercial empire, facilitating the launch and sale of products bearing her name. Moreover, she became a pivotal figure for numerous luxury companies, leveraging her media influence to enhance their profitability, constituting the foundational underpinning of social influencer marketing. Over time, Ferragni endorsed a myriad of products from renowned brands, spanning clothing, female beauty accessories, and food products, amassing a current fortune of 45 million euros. However, on December 15, 2023, the Italian Antitrust Authority (AGCM) imposed a fine of over 1 million euros on Ferragni for deceptive advertising practices and consumer deception. According to the AGCM, the influencer omitted pertinent information in her online advertisements, disseminated false information, and employed forms of undue influence. Subsequently, Ferragni also faced suspicions of alleged criminal fraud. This qualitative research paper aims to explore the ongoing investigations, Ferragni’s defense strategies, and the reactions of her followers and clients. The findings reveal a trend where numerous significant brands are severing ties with Ferragni as sponsors, leading to an erosion of consumer trust in the influencer category, and prompting a shift towards a more discerning consumer attitude.

The Influence of Opinion Leaders on Consumer Buying Behavior Among Millennials in Klang Valley

Opinion leaders have emerged as individuals with social influence who serve as the core of an interpersonal communication network. The social trends have made opinion leaders significantly influence buying behavior, especially among millennials. A deeper understanding of the characteristics of opinion leadership is still needed and based on the two-step flow theory, we developed a research framework to study opinion leaders’ influence (trust, credibility, and originality) on consumer buying behavior. A simple random sampling method was used, and the sample comprised 398 millennials in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Regarding the relationships involving the opinion leaders’ elements, Pearson correlation analysis found that the trust (r=0.545; p=0.00), credibility (r=0.518; p=0.00), and originality (r=0.398; p=0.00) of opinion leaders are significantly related to consumer buying behavior. Multiple regression analysis was then applied to examine the most influential opinion leader factors on millennials’ buying behavior. The result showed that this model contributed a total of 30.7% and that trust (β = 0.368, p = 0.000) is the most influencing factor on millennials buying behavior. Marketers will have an updated perspective on the influence of opinion leaders on consumer buying behavior knowing the profiles of opinion leaders is extremely beneficial for consumers to make wise purchase decisions.

Perspective of leadership 4.0 in the era of fourth industrial revolution: A comprehensive view

Leadership 4.0 focuses on leaders developing their digital transformation strategy and ensuring alignment with the organization’s business and development ambitions. This is accomplished by successfully displaying disruptive digital leadership characteristics, which include emotional and social intelligence abilities such as empathy and relationship management, cognitive preparedness, critical thinking, inventive thinking, agility, and resilience. Academics and consultants increasingly use Leadership 4.0 to describe the new leadership style required for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0). It strategically addresses people’s concerns, which are crucial for the effective integration of Industry 4.0, and plays a significant and crucial role in integrating Industry 4.0 into modern workplaces. The primary purpose of this paper is to explore Leadership 4.0 and its needs. Several quality characteristics associated with Digital Leadership 4.0 are investigated, and two-dimensional style matrix presentations for Leadership 4.0 are briefed. Finally, this study identifies and addresses the role of Leadership 4.0 in upcoming industrial management systems. Because digital technologies now impact the entire business, advancing digital strategies requires strong leadership at all levels. With the increasing prevalence of digital transformation in the business sector and the intensification of the "battle for talent," organizations need to consider a more methodical approach to building a solid leadership pipeline with the capabilities required to lead in the digital era. They may place future leaders in positions that require them to go beyond their current competencies and skills to instruct and motivate them to promptly acquire new digital skills. In a new working setting, effectively managing the dynamic interactions between machines, technology, and people is essential for influential digital leaders. Leadership 4.0 is expected to foster an open and innovative culture that welcomes change and progress. This will encourage and inspire their teams to adapt to the ongoing changes in the market.

Do leaders really matter? The failure of ambitions in Turkish foreign policy

The field of international relations is recently witnessing an inflation of attention toward political leaders and personalities. Yet, while political leaders mattered to understand foreign policy behaviors, the question is how much they do and under what conditions. This article argues that how leaders and personalities affect foreign policy is up to the variables that can be analyzed at the state and international levels. To illustrate this argument, I use the example of two strong, influential, and revisionist Turkish leaders: Turgut Özal and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The results point out that the main determinative on Turkish foreign policy on these leaders’ period is not their personality as argued. Instead, the main variables we should analyze are the presence domestic and international constraints such as dominant foreign policy actors, economic capacity, political polarization, and international conjunctures.

She Speaks for Millions: The Emergence of Female Diplomatic Voices in the Russo-Ukrainian War

This research critically investigates the public diplomacy strategies deployed by a cohort of influential female European leaders on Twitter during the Russo-Ukrainian War of 2022-2023. The study comprises eight leaders - Kallas (Estonia), Marin (Finland), von der Leyen (President of the European Commission), Metsola (President of the European Parliament), Sandu (Moldova), Simonyte (Lithuania), Zourabichvili (Georgia), and Meloni (Italy) - representing millions of constituents. By mirroring the analytical attention given to Ukraine's President, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, this study scrutinizes the distinct approaches and differences in emotional, cognitive, and structural language use between these influential female figures and President Zelenskyy in their respective Twitter discourse during the crisis. By employing the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC)-22 dictionary, this research intends to uncover unique patterns and nuances in the language use of these leaders, thereby offering fresh insights into the gendered communication and diplomacy employed by the female cohort during conflicts. Keywords: Public diplomacy, Female leadership, Russo-Ukrainian War, Twitter communications, Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), Diplomacy, gendered communication

The Autobiography of Bishop Wilhelm Wagner Orwig (1810–1889)

ABSTRACT Bishop Wilhem Wagner Orwig (1810–1889) was an influential leader in the Evangelische Gemeinschaft / Evangelical Association. Orwig founded the Association’s publishing house and developed its newspaper, Der Christliche Botschafter, into an important Christian periodical. Orwig held several other important positions throughout his career, including Bishop, President of Union Seminary, and President of the Missionary Society. Orwig also engaged in theological disputation, and was a key defender of the doctrine of entire sanctification. Orwig authored or compiled over 13 volumes, including sermon collections and hymn books. During Orwig’s lifetime, the Evangelische Gemeinschaft experienced profound language change. Orwig wrote primarily in German, but, by the time of his death, the younger members could no longer understand German. This language change has left German-language American Methodism relatively unstudied. Orwig’s autobiography, translated here, offers a glimpse into the spiritual and practical world of the German-speaking Gemeinschaft.