Influence Of Country Research Articles

A bibliometric and visualized analysis of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) from 2002 to 2021

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a complex pathological phenomenon dominated by the innate immune system and involves a variety of immune cells. This condition frequently occurs during hepatectomy, liver transplantation or hemorrhagic shock. HIRI represents an important factor in the poor prognosis of patients after liver surgery. However, there is still a lack of effective intervention to reduce the incidence of HIRI. In this study, we aimed to describe the overall structure of scientific research on HIRI over the past 20 years and provide valuable information and guidelines for future researchers. Bibliometric analysis was used to comprehensively review developments in HIRI and changes in our understanding of HIRI over the past two decades. We identified a total of 4267 articles on HIRI that were published over the past 20 years of which basic research was predominant. Collaboration network analysis revealed that China, the University of California Los Angeles, and Ronald W Busuttil were the most influential country, institute, and scholar, respectively. Co-occurrence cluster analysis revealed that ischemic preconditioning, liver cirrhosis, hepatic I/R injury, autophagy, acute liver failure, oxygen, donation after circulatory death, Nlrp3, remote organ, and microdialysis were the top 10 clusters. Keyword burst detection indicated that autophagy, inflammation, and early allograft dysfunction represent the current research hotspots. In summary, this is the first bibliometric analysis of HIRI research. Our timely analysis of these hotpots and research trends may provide a framework for future researchers and further promote research on the key mechanisms and therapeutic measures in this field.

The Political Economy of Economic Cooperation: The Case of Indonesia in Finding New Non-Traditional Markets

Indonesia strives to achieve its goals of becoming a developed country by 2045 as stated in the Indonesia’s Dream 2015-2085, the most influential country in the Asia Pacific region, and to become a barometer of world economic growth. One of the strategies implemented by the Indonesian government to achieve those dreams is to open new economic cooperation in new non-traditional markets or countries that were not previously Indonesia's main trading partners. This research uses a national interest approach through descriptive research and a qualitative approach with data sources of literature studies from books, journals, and research reports that support the search for the analysis result. This study explains how the opening of new cooperation is carried out to achieve Indonesia's national interests, both economic interests to become a developed country by 2045 and political interests to affirm Indonesia's position within the framework of South-South cooperation. This research found that opening new economic cooperation can help Indonesia achieve its goal of becoming a developed country by 2045 and position Indonesia's political position as an important actor in promoting South-South cooperation.

Research Trends of Acupuncture Therapy on Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome from 2000 to 2022: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Acupuncture is considered an important means of analgesic, which has been widely used in chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) management and treatment in recent years, published a large number of related documents. However, the relevant literature in this field has not been summarized and quantitatively analyzed. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the hotspots and predicting future research trends of acupuncture on pelvic pain syndrome. Search for the relevant publications of the web of science database from 2000 to 2022 about the treatment of acupuncture on chronic pelvic pain syndrome. The Citespace software and VosViewer software are used to analyze the visualization of the countries, institutions, authors, keywords and references and references in the literature. A total of 173 publications were included. The annual number of essays gradually showed an overall growth trend over time. Medicine magazine is the most published journal in this field. J UROLOGY and Acupunct Med are the most cited journals and the most influential magazines; The most active and influential country is China, and the most produced institutions are Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; The most produced authors are Liu Zhishun. The most cited and most influential authors are Nickel JC and Armour M; keywords and cited reference analysis show that the quality of life, mechanism research, alternative medicine and electro-acupuncture will be the scientific hotspot of acupuncture treatment for chronic pelvic pain syndrome. This study shows that acupuncture on CPPS is increasingly valued and recognized. The future research hotspots will focus on the effects and mechanisms. In the future, more high-quality animal basic research will be required to explore the exact mechanism of acupuncture on CPPS. In addition, different parameters of acupuncture such as electric-acupuncture, stimulating frequency, duration and strength are also the focus of future research. More clinical trials are required to verify its safety and effectiveness.

A forty years scientometric investigation of artificial intelligence for fluid-flow and heat-transfer (AIFH) during 1982 and 2022

A scientometric approach is utilized to investigate the dynamic maps of relationships among researchers, institutes, and countries in the field of Artificial Intelligence for Fluid-flow and Heat-transfer (AIFH). The Web of Science database was searched for related publications during the last 40 years (1982 and 2022). A total of 6151 articles were discovered, which were analyzed in detail. Using a bibliometric analysis, the most relevant and most cited sources of publications were identified. The most active researchers, institutions, and countries leading AIFH were reported. Then, the worldwide dynamic collaboration maps and coupling maps of relationships were reported. The Islamic Azad University (1893 T.C.), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (1374 T.C.), and Beihang University (1266 T.C.) were the most influential institutes in AIFH. The most influential countries were China, the USA, and Iran. The dynamic map of collaborations shows a good worldwide collaboration distribution. The USA and China established the most connection with the rest of the world. ANNs are the most studied topic (19.5% of publications), followed by Machine Learning (17.9%) and Neural Networks (15.4%). Support Vector Machines lag behind at 1.4%. ANNs boast the highest total citations (17,064) and H-index (63). Most ANIF papers were published by Medical Physics (119 T.P.). Half of the articles in AIFH were published by five journals of Medical Physics, Neurocomputing, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, and IEEE Access. The International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer received the most citations in AIFH.

Collaborative Landscape and Knowledge Dynamics in IoT and Blockchain Research: A Bibliometric Analysis

This research article presents a bibliometric analysis of the intersection between Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain, utilizing data sourced from the Web of Science database. The analysis employs the VOSviewer tool to investigate cocitation, co-occurrence, and bibliometric correlations among the publications. The findings indicate a surge in publications, with the highest number recorded in 2022, reflecting the growing interest and significance of this research area. Moreover, the analysis reveals China as the leading country in terms of research output, underscoring its active involvement in IoT and Blockchain research. Additionally, the study identifies IEEE Access as the leading publisher, indicating its prominence in disseminating relevant research. Notably, the analysis of keywords reveals "blockchain" as the most frequently occurring term, highlighting its central role in the field. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the research landscape in IoT and Blockchain, providing insights into collaboration patterns, influential countries, leading publishers, and the prominence of blockchain as a research topic.

Emerging trends and hotspots of the itch research: A bibliometric and visualized analysis.

Itch, a common uncomfortable sensory experience, occurs frequently in inflammatory or allergic disorders. In recent years, with the discovery of itch-specific pathways in the peripheral and central nervous system, the association between immunology and neural pathways has gradually emerged as the main mechanism of itch. Although many studies have been conducted on itch, no bibliometric analysis study focusing on this topic has been conducted. This study aimed to explore the research hotspots and trends in the itch field from a bibliometric perspective. Publications relevant to itch, published from 2003 to 2022, were retrieved from the Science Citation Index-Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection. Publications were critically reviewed and analyzed with CiteSpace software, Vosviewer, and the bibliometric online analysis platform. Visual maps were conducted in terms of annual production, collaborating countries or institutions, productive authors, core journals, co-cited references, and keyword bursts. 2395 articles on itch that met our criteria were identified and the quantity of publications has been increasing rapidly since 2012. The USA was the most influential country. University Hospital Münster was the institution with the most publications. Gil Yosipovitch was the most prolific author. Atopic dermatitis (AD), intradermal serotonin, chronic pruritus, mechanical itch, gastrin-releasing peptide, substance p, interleukin-31 receptor, histamine-induced itch, bile acid, scratching behavior, and h-4 receptor were the top 11 clusters in co-citation cluster analysis. Keyword burst analysis suggested that treatment, inflammation, and AD are current research hotspots. Global publications on itch research have increased steadily and rapidly over the past 20 years. Inflammation and AD are current research hotspots. The neuroimmunological and neuroinflammatory mechanisms of itch, as well as clinical assessment methods and therapeutic targets, will be novel research directions in the future. This study provides guidance for further itch research.

Computational Thinking Research in Mathematics Learning in the Last Decade: A Bibliometric Review

This study aims to map the landscape of the importance of previous research on computational thinking (CT) in mathematics learning over the last decade. This research is a literature review research, there are 113 publications collected from the Scopus database which are then analyzed using the bibliometric analysis method assisted by the Vosviewer application. The data taken from the Scopus database was refined so that it became 113 publications. The results of the study show that publications are spread across various continents, including America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. The United States and the United Kingdom are the most influential countries and have high cooperation with other countries in this field. The main conclusion from this study is that computational thinking has an important role in learning mathematics and STEM. The integration of computational thinking in the mathematics curriculum can improve students' understanding of mathematics and help them face the challenges of the digital age. In addition, the development of effective training methods for mathematics teachers as well as the assessment of good computational thinking learning tools and platforms can help improve the effectiveness of computational thinking teaching in mathematics contexts. These innovations will help better understand how computational thinking can be effectively integrated in mathematics learning and prepare students for a future filled with digital technologies.

A bibliometric analysis of wine economics and business research: insights, trends, and future directions

PurposeThis study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the academic landscape in wine economics and business research over the past decades, capturing and analysing the literature through rigorous bibliometric methodologies. The study is intended as a foundational resource for academics, policymakers and industry stakeholders interested in the evolving scholarly discourse within the wine industry.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyse data from over 3,200 papers in the field of wine economics and business published between 1990 and 2022, sourced from Scopus. Various bibliometric indicators are applied, including publication and citation counts, and methods like keyword and co-citation analyses were used to map out the thematic and intellectual landscape.FindingsThe study reveals the escalating global relevance of wine economics and business research and identifies prominent papers and authors, influential countries and leading journals. The analysis reveals a dynamic shift in academic focus. Initially concentrating on foundational inquiries in the 1990s, research evolved to encompass complex themes such as e-commerce, wine tourism, sustainability and global crises. The study emphasises the adaptability and resilience of the wine supply chain and anticipates future research areas.Originality/valueThis study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the expanding body of research in wine economics and business, using data from over 3,200 documents published between 1990 and 2022. It uniquely combines different advanced bibliometric tools to provide a multifaceted overview of wine economics and business research.

Knowledge structure and emerging trends of cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation: A bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer from 2000 to 2022.

This paper implements a bibliometric approach to investigate the research hotspots and future research directions in the relevant field literature. It also offers research ideas and methods for preventing and treating cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation in the clinical setting. The evolution of various clusters in the field is summarized through Citespace's projection function for keywords in the literature. CiteSpace and Vosviewer are utilized to analyze and visualize the attributes of the articles, including number of publications, citation frequency, country/region, institution, journal, authors, keywords, and references, from the 2280 publications obtained. A total of 2280 publications were collected, with the number of papers and citations in the field continuously increasing year by year. The most influential country in this field is the United States, and the University of Washington is the most influential institution. The most authoritative journal in the field is identified as SLEEP. Sleep deprivation, prefrontal cortex, and performance are the current topics of interest. The article with the strongest citation burst, lasting from 2015 to 2018, is "Sleep Drives Metabolite Clearance from the Adult Brain." The most influential article and co-cited reference, "Neurocognitive Consequences of Sleep Deprivation," highlights that sleep deprivation from various causes may lead to cognitive impairment. Future research should investigate all forms of cognitive impairment resulting from sleep deprivation. The findings of this study will assist researchers in improving their knowledge structure, identifying research hotspots, and revealing future directions in the field.

Mapping the Research Landscape of Health Literacy: Insights from Scopus

Purpose This study analyzes recent scientific production in health literacy, assessing professional involvement and identifying areas for attention, gap addressing, and collaboration network establishment to enhance health outcomes. This comprehensive analysis examined scientific literature from 2018 to 2022 retrieved from Scopus database. Methodology The study focused on original articles in multiple languages and utilized tools like Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. It explored publication patterns, citation metrics, authorship trends, country contributions, keyword evolution, clusters of related terms, and professional involvement. Findings This analysis yielded valuable insights into the research landscape of health literacy during the specified time frame, providing a deeper understanding of the field. The analysis encompassed 3,489 articles, revealing a significant increase in publications since 2019. Prolific authorship did not always correlate with citation impact in health literacy research. Nguyen H.C. emerged as the most cited author, particularly in COVID-19-related symptoms and health literacy. The analysis revealed significant contributions from influential countries such as the United States, Australia, Germany, Iran, and China. “Mental health” emerged as a prominent area of investigation based on keyword analysis. The study also found underrepresentation of nursing professionals but identified diverse health-related professionals and institutes as influential contributors.

The application of radiology for dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction: a bibliometric analysis.

Radiology plays a highly crucial role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Related research has increased rapidly over the past few years, but systematic analyses are lacking. This study thus aimed to provide a reference for further research by analyzing the knowledge field, development trends, and research hotspots of radiology in DCM using bibliometric methods. Articles on the radiology of DCM published between 2002 and 2021 in the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCCd) were searched and analyzed. Data were retrieved and analyzed using CiteSpace V, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphic software, and included the name, research institution, and nationality of authors; journals of publication; and the number of citations. A total of 4,257 articles were identified on radiology of DCM from WoSCCd. The number of articles published in this field has grown steadily from 2002 to 2021 and is expected to reach 392 annually by 2024. According to subfields, the number of papers published in cardiac magnetic resonance field increased steadily. The authors from the United States published the most (1,364 articles, 32.04%) articles. The author with the most articles published was Bax JJ (54 articles, 1.27%) from Leiden University Medical Center. The most cited article was titled "2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure", with 138 citations. Citation-based clustering showed that arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, T1 mapping, and endomyocardial biopsy are the current hots pots for research in DCM radiology. The most frequently occurring keyword was "dilated cardiomyopathy". The keyword-based clusters mainly included "late gadolinium enhancement", "congestive heart failure", "cardiovascular magnetic resonance", "sudden cardiac death", "ventricular arrhythmia", and "cardiac resynchronization therapy". The United States and Northern Europe are the most influential countries in research on DCM radiology, with many leading distinguished research institutions. The current research hots pots are myocardial fibrosis, risk stratification of ventricular arrhythmia, the prognosis of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) treatment, and subtype classification of DCM.

Sport Organizations in World Literature: Status and Systematic Determinants

The economic significance and development of sports have led to the determination of sports organizations as a research subject in the scientific world. From the perspective of sustainability, the continuity of sports and their innovative aspects have consistently influenced the ongoing development of sports. This research aims to systematically examine 1572 scientific studies conducted on sports organizations between 2012 and 2023 using bibliometric analysis techniques with various software programs such as R Studio and R Shiny. During the literature review, data were accessed through analyses of scientific production, average citations, journals, authors, countries, and keyword analysis. The analyses have shown that the journals in which the top researchers publish have a significant impact on the ranking of countries. This, in turn, has resulted in the emergence of a cause-and-effect relationship throughout the study. The research has highlighted the most influential countries, journals, authors, and the impact factors of authors in the field. This study reinforces the findings in the realm of sports organizations and serves as one of the initial references for future studies in the field.

A Bibliometric Review of Contributions from Various Countries and Their Impact on Marketing Strategies and Sales Practices Worldwide

This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive analysis of global contributions to marketing strategies and sales practices. It maps the geographical distribution of research output, highlighting influential countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, China, India, and Australia. Emerging contributors from Asia and Latin America are fostering international collaborations. Citation networks demonstrate global research impact, while keyword analysis reveals enduring themes and emerging trends. Practical recommendations include emphasizing international collaboration, digital transformation, quality management, SME support, strategic planning, customer satisfaction, and attention to physical evidence in services marketing. This review advances understanding and guides stakeholders in navigating the evolving global landscape of marketing.

Trend Publication of Computational Thinking in Mathematics Education: Bibliometric Review

Computational thinking and mathematics are closely related, namely mathematics plays a role in overcoming challenges and understanding concepts in computational thinking, while computational thinking ultimately simplifies and abstracts situations by formulating and presenting problems in mathematical form. The purpose of this study is to identify trends and research patterns with the topic of computational thinking in mathematics education using bibliometric analysis. Data is obtained from the dimensions database which has been refined through 4 stages (identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion). The results showed that the peak of publications related to computational thinking in mathematics education research occurred in 2022. The Journal of Science of Education and Technology became the most influential journal with the most citations, namely 877 citations even though it only with 7 publications. The United States is the most influential country in this field because of the good number of publications, the number of citations is the highest of any other country. There are three research focuses related to computational thinking in mathematics education research on the dimensions database from 2013-2023, namely, 1) mathematics, study, teacher; 2) problem, child, learning; 3) student, steam, CT skill

A research landscape bibliometric analysis on climate change for last decades: Evidence from applications of machine learning

Climate change (CC) is one of the greatest threats to human health, safety, and the environment. Given its current and future impacts, numerous studies have employed computational tools (e.g., machine learning, ML) to understand, mitigate, and adapt to CC. Therefore, this paper seeks to comprehensively analyze the research/publications landscape on the MLCC research based on published documents from Scopus. The high productivity and research impact of MLCC has produced highly cited works categorized as science, technology, and engineering to the arts, humanities, and social sciences. The most prolific author is Shamsuddin Shahid (based at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia), whereas the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the most productive affiliation on MLCC research. The most influential countries are the United States and China, which is attributed to the funding activities of the National Science Foundation and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), respectively. Collaboration through co-authorship in high-impact journals such as Remote Sensing was also identified as an important factor in the high rate of productivity among the most active stakeholders researching MLCC topics worldwide. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified four major research hotspots/themes on MLCC research that describe the ML techniques, potential risky sectors, remote sensing, and sustainable development dynamics of CC. In conclusion, the paper finds that MLCC research has a significant socio-economic, environmental, and research impact, which points to increased discoveries, publications, and citations in the near future.

A Knowledge Map of the Relationship between Diabetes and Stroke: A Bibliometric Analysis Study

Introduction: The correlation between diabetes and stroke has been studied extensively in epidemiological research. Here, we used bibliometric software to visualize and analyze the literature related to diabetic stroke to provide an overview of the current state of research, hotspots, and future trends in the field. Methods: Based on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database, we collected studies related to diabetic stroke from 2007 to December 2022. We used CiteSpace (version 6.1.R5), VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica to create knowledge maps and conduct visual analyses on authors, countries, institutions, cited references, and keywords, and Origin for statistical analysis. Results: We included a total of 5,171 papers on diabetic stroke from the WoSCC database. Overall, there was a steady increase in the number of publications, with a high number of emerging scientists. The USA was the most productive and influential country, which dominated national collaborations. The most common subject category was “neurology.” In total, 12 major clusters were generated from the cited references. Keyword analysis showed that keywords related to poststroke injury and treatment are those with the highest burst intensity and latest burst time. Conclusions: Individual disease treatment remains a hot topic, and how to balance acute stroke treatment and glycemic control is currently a difficult clinical problem. At the same time, the mechanism of their interaction and the prevention and treatment of related causative factors remain a hot topic of current and future research.

A Bibliometric Perspective on the Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Gestational Diabetes.

To analyze the bibliometric indicators of the world scientific production on periodontal disease and gestational diabetes. Bibliometric study in which a search strategy was designed with logical operators and MESH terms. After the search and application of selection criteria, 83 articles were included. SciVal, VOSviewer, and the Bibliometrix module of R Studio were used to analyze the metadata. From 2012 to 2021, there is evidence of an increase in scientific dissemination on gestational diabetes and periodontal disease, especially in high-impact journals (79.2%). SUNY Buffalo (6), United State University, and Ege University, Turkey (5) are the most productive; however, the one that received more citations than the global average was the University of Birmingham (FWCI: 5.59). In addition, the United States, Brazil, and India were the most influential countries; while, Graziani F, Akcali A, and Buduneli N, were the most representative authors. The Journal of Periodontology and the Journal of Clinical Periodontology published the most articles, with 13 and 6, respectively. The scientific production on periodontal disease and gestational diabetes is higher in recent years, with a better proportion of articles in high-impact journals. In addition, the United States concentrates many publications, and the activity of Chilean institutions stands out. The clinical significance of this study lies in its capacity to synthesize the currently available published information regarding the correlation between periodontal disease and gestational diabetes. This study enables researchers and clinicians to ascertain the current level of knowledge on this subject.

The relation between intellectual capital and digital transformation: a bibliometric analysis

Purpose The purpose of this study is to depict the value added by digital transformation to intellectual capital (IC) by virtue of the studies reached by the literature review on different databases are examined. Design/methodology/approach Journal of Intellectual Capital, which has the highest number of records from the resources included in the “Web of Science” content and covering the title of “intellectual capital” has been selected in this study. Research using bibliometric analysis has been conducted and it has been determined that the terms “digital transformation” and “intellectual capital” should be searched for simultaneously in each and every article published in the journal between the years 1975 and 2022. Findings A bibliometric analysis and citation mapping process are carried out considering all dimensions to reach the results and interpretation of findings. VOSviewer is used to visualize the bibliometric networks of results and findings in the form of scientific mapping, as well as to visualize the co-authorship analysis of keywords, co-authorship analysis and citation networks. Research limitations/implications Bibliometric analysis is a method that can be used to evaluate the performance of a single journal. However, it is important to note that bibliometric analysis has some limitations when it comes to assessing the validity of a single journal. This circumstance is elaborately described as a limitation of this study. Bibliometric analysis is a method that can be used to evaluate the performance of a single journal. However, it is important to note that bibliometric analysis has some limitations when it comes to assessing the validity of a single journal. One limitation is that bibliometric analysis is based on quantitative metrics, such as citation counts, which do not take into account the quality of the research. Therefore, bibliometric analysis alone may not provide a complete picture of the validity of a single journal. In addition, bibliometric analysis is based on the number of times a paper is cited, which can be influenced by factors such as the prestige of the journal, the field of research and the time since the publication. In conclusion, bibliometric analysis can be used to evaluate the performance of a single journal, but it is important to consider its limitations. Originality/value This study identified contributions, gaps and limits based on the results of a bibliometric analysis. Italy is the most influential country and the issue is structured around four clusters: IC; digital transformation; human capital; and knowledge management. As previously unexplored issues are addressed in an innovative manner, it is acceptable to underline the paper’s originality.

A Bibliometric Study of The Impact of Ownership Structures on Company Performance

Purpose - This study provides a bibliometric analysis that reviews the past trends of publication years, the most influential countries and industries, the commonly used of dependent and independent variables in research studies exploring the impact of ownership structures on company performance.Methodology - The method of document analysis is used to collect the 146 data published from 2006 to 2023 in the fields of social science, specifically focused on the study of corporate governance.Findings - Previous studies have extensively explored the impact of ownership structures on company performance. However, the findings of the analysis revealed that there is still little research on the impact of ownership structures on the performance of technology companies.Research Limitation - This study was only limited to observable attributes of the past trends of publication years, the most influential countries and industries, the commonly employed dependent variables to measure company performance and independent variables of ownership structures in research study of the impact of ownership structures on company performance.Practical Implications - The results provide researchers with knowledge only on the observable attributes of the impact of ownership structures on company performance.Originality/ Value - This study is unique in that as it focuses on a review prior study on the impact of ownership structures on company performance. The results provide a clear picture of how the future research can be conducted by incorporating the impact of ownership structures on company performance.

Employing American Smart Power in the Middle East

The United States of America is one of the most influential countries in international politics since the end of World War II until today. The reason for this is its clear superiority in using hard power in its foreign policy. American soft power did not play a major role in the policies of hegemony that the Americans followed at the international level for many decades. However, the major changes witnessed in the global arena after the end of the Cold War and the emergence of new major powers on the international scene made the United States reconsider its absolute dependence on its hard power. After the US wars in Afghanistan (2001) and Iraq (2003), American decision-makers reached a firm conviction to diversify the sources of their power. This conviction centered on the necessity of combining hard and soft powers into one force, which was called smart power. Through its use of smart power, the United States seeks to continue its leadership of the global system and impose its will on the international arena despite its many competitors.