Influence Of Historical Factors Research Articles

Spiritual and moral qualities of the Ural Cossacks in family and marriage relations (the 18th – early 20th centuries)

The subject of the study is the spiritual and moral qualities of the Ural Cossacks, most clearly manifested in family and marriage relations. On the basis of the analysis of family and marriage traditions of the Ural Cossacks it is possible to construct an image of a Cossack warrior, ready to desperately defend his Homeland. The study of historical aspects of the development of folk traditions becomes especially relevant in the conditions of the modern worldview crisis. Archival materials and a variety of local history literature (works of I.I. Zheleznov, N.A. Borodin, V.N. Vitevsky, V.G. Korolenko, A.V. Gnedenko, etc.) were used for the preparation of the article. Methodologically, the article is based on the cultural approach, which allows us to understand the reasons for the stability of Cossack traditions throughout the centuries. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the spiritual and moral qualities of the Ural Cossacks, manifested in the family and domestic sphere, are considered as an indicator of the Ural Cossacks' attitude to military service. In the everyday culture of the Ural Cossacks in the 18th – early 20th centuries, under the influence of historical factors, such human qualities as responsibility, respect for elders, freedom-loving, collectivism, domesticity and avoidance of honour-defying sexual contacts became valuable. The importance of these qualities has not been lost until now, which is confirmed by the Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation in 2021, 2022 and 2023. The need of society and the state for real heroes, as the Ural Cossacks were considered to be, becomes especially acute when national threats increase. The article concludes on the role of spiritual and moral qualities of the Ural Cossacks in preserving their unique culture.

O «sfinkse russkogo prava»: fenomen legal'nogo zakrepleniya razdel'nosti imushchestva suprugov

The article examines the reasons for the legislative consolidation of the regime of separate property in the Russian Empire, analyzes both the historical works of civilists and modern law historians. The authors come to the conclusion that there are cumulative influences of historical factors on the formation of the institution of separation of the property of spouses, paying attention to modern approaches about the estate interest of saving property through the individualization of ownership of them.

Twenty years performance of Volkswagen’s Truck and Bus modular consortium

Abstract: This article analyzes the performance of the modular consortium installed in the truck and bus factory of Volkswagen in the city of Resende, Rio de Janeiro, in its first 20 years of operation. For that purpose we formulated a multidimensional performance analysis model, composed of indicators of the various aspects of the company and the main economic and market factors, covering the period 1990-2014. The model was based on aspects of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and Political, Economic, Sociocultural, Technological, Environmental and Legal (PESTEL) models. While the BSC guided the choice of the internal performance indicators, the PESTEL oriented the selection of the economic factors that affected the company’s performance. The main characteristics of modular consortiums, taken from the scientific literature, were used to analyze the arrangement’s performance, along with on-site observation at the plant. The results were obtained by examining the company’s indicators during the period studied, taking into consideration the influence of historical factors and the main aspects of modular consortiums. The Volkswagen modular consortium was in general resilient to the economic variations in the period, and facilitated expansion of the company’s product portfolio, contributing to leadership in the truck market.

Influence of past and current factors on the beta diversity of coastal lagoon fish communities in South America

AbstractAimFish community composition is shaped by current and historical factors. In recently formed ecosystems, however, as the Quaternary coastal lagoons of South America, the influence of historical factors has less frequently been investigated. The low rate of endemism in these lagoons suggests a limited role for speciation while their dynamic formation history suggests local extinction and dispersal limitation could have affected present species composition. We aimed to assess the influence of past and current factors on the beta diversity of those communities and explore the main processes involved.LocationAtlantic coast of South America.TaxonFishes (173 species).MethodsWe built a dataset of species occurrence in 129 lagoons across eight freshwater ecoregions of the world (FEOWs) located between latitudes 0° and 36°, and calculated beta diversity (βjac) and its turnover (βjtu) and nestedness (βjne) components. We used a partial Mantel test and multiple regressions on distance matrices to evaluate the importance of past and current factors, and of geographical distance in determining beta diversity. Past variables were those representing the historical freshwater habitat during the last glacial maximum (LGM), and contemporary variables were those related to current habitat.ResultsWe found high values of βjac within the FEOWs, with βjtu prevailing over βjne. Both past (palaeodrainage) and current (drainage area, salinity and lagoon area) factors affected species dissimilarity (βjac = 46%) and its components (βjtu = 44% and βjne = 20%), although explanation was, in part, shared with geographical distance. Individually, the influence of past factors was prevalent in beta diversity and its components.Main conclusionsThe large influence of the past factors on beta diversity suggests that major changes in the availability of freshwater habitats and connectivity since the Pleistocene must have affected the colonization, extinction and recolonization processes of fishes along the eastern coast of South America. We suggest that the high beta diversity values result from limited dispersal after extinctions in the LGM. The dissimilar freshwater fish communities currently seen result from heterogeneous subsets of the regional species pool that persisted in landscape refuges during past sea level increases and then recolonized coastal lagoons.

Типология тем пейзажей Ф. С. Торхова из собрания Государственного художественного музея Алтайского края

The research objective includes developing a thematic typology of F. S. Torkhov’s landscapes from the funds of the State Art Museum of the Altai Territory. The article for the first time provides a typological analysis of F. S. Torkhov’s landscapes. It is shown that thematic orientation of his creative work changed under the influence of historical factors and relevant trends in the regional artistic life. Torkhov himself introduced new themes in the Altai painting. Scientific originality of the research involves the typological approach to studying thematic orientation of Torkhov’s landscape painting. Relying on the conducted analysis, the researcher develops a thematic typology of F. S. Torkhov’s landscapes.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prediction research of financial time series based on deep learning

Currently, the world economics develops rapidly, and the finance business also develops promptly. As there are more financial activities, the uncertainty of change trend in financial activities is also increased constantly. How to study and grasp the laws of banking activity and calculate their coming tendency has grown into the concentrate and major study substance of scientific and monetary ring. On the one hand, available finance prediction can supply base for making finance plans and relevant decisions, thus ensuring the laudable expansion of the finance market and maximizing the benefits of profit organizations. However, on the other hand, convolution neural network (CNN) is a multilayer neural network composition that can simulate the operation machine-made of biological field system, which can be used to obtain effective feature description. Meanwhile, the features are extracted from the original data. Now, CNN has turned into a study hot point in the fields of giving a lecture discriminate, figure distinguishing, and classifying, and natural language handling. Moreover, it is widely used in these fields, and its application effect has been recognized by most people. Consequently, CNN composition is adopted to predict the finance time succession data. Firstly, the research means of financial time series are summarized, and then, the artificial neural network (ANN) and deep learning methods are briefly introduced. Afterward, the prediction model of stock index according to CNN model is proposed, and the influences of historical factors on model are analyzed. Finally, a few stock indexes are predicted to verify validity and effectiveness of the proposed CNN model through experimental comparison. And a hybrid model combined with CNN is found, thus further improving the cable CNN network model.

Вплив історичних факторів на трансформацію межoвих знаків в Україні

Вплив історичних факторів на трансформацію межoвих знаків в Україні

Zróżnicowanie przyrynkowej zabudowy i jej funkcji a typy genetyczne rynków w małych miastach województwa łódzkiego

Celem badania jest ocena przestrzeni publicznych rynków w małych miastach województwa łódzkiego pod względem zróżnicowania w zakresie współczesnego zagospodarowania i funkcji zabudowy przyrynkowej. Tak postawiony cel i zakres badania podyktowany jest przede wszystkim niewielką liczbą tego rodzaju opracowań w literaturze przedmiotu. Przywołanie kontekstu genetycznego elementów struktury urbanistycznej stanowić ma w tym wypadku punkt wyjścia dla rozważań nad współczesnymi różnicami w zagospodarowaniu i funkcjach zabudowy przyrynkowej. W pracy posłużono się metodami z zakresu badań krajobrazowych, morfologii miasta oraz funkcjonalizmu (struktury funkcjonalnej). Najważniejszymi źródłami danych były inwentaryzacje urbanistyczne oraz mapy historyczne z XIX wieku i pierwszej połowy XX wieku. Oceniono poziom otwarcia rynków oraz istniejącą strukturę funkcji mieszkaniowej i usługowej według powierzchni całkowitej kondygnacji. Odnotowano w tym zakresie duże zróżnicowania w grupie badanych rynków. W niektórych spośród badanych miast na niski poziom obudowania placu rynkowego wpływ mają wciąż zniszczenia II wojny światowej. W większości badanych miast funkcją dominującą w zabudowie przyrynkowej są usługi. Wyjątek stanowią najsłabsze ekonomicznie Krośniewice, gdzie przy rynku dominuje funkcja mieszkaniowa. Na współczesny stan zabudowy i jej funkcji przyrynkowych zauważalny jest wpływ uwarunkowań historycznych, a także potencjału demograficznego oraz ekonomicznego miast.

IDEOLOGY OF KIAI IN EDUCATION AT SMAN OF DARUSSHOLAH SINGOJURUH, DISTRIC SINGOJURUH – BANYUWANGI PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA

The implementation of education in Indonesia was mandated by the UUD 1945. The implementation was carried out at the SMAN. Education policy in schools creates controversy as a form of impact on ideology of kiai. The policy deviation is in the form of changes in school curriculum, differences in the learning process, and religion as a public high school identity. This study aims to: (1) find out the ideology of kiai in the dominance of education in SMAN (2) knowing the practice ideology of kiai in SMAN (3) knowing the meaning in the ideology of kiai at SMAN. This is a qualitative research with data obtained through interviews, observation, and document study. The results showed that (1) the dominance of kiai in education due to influence of historical factors in the establishment of SMAN, the role of school committees with most members of Islamic boarding schools, and the political role of kiai (2) Ideology of kiai practices included the formation of superior classes, curriculum changes school identity and extracurricular activities (3) the meaning contained in the ideology of kiai in education at SMAN is a conflict of interest, emancipatory education, economics, and the meaning of polarization.
 
 Keywords: Ideology, Kiai, SMAN

Modern-Day Public Space in the Historical Context of a City – New Development of the Cathedral Square (Domplatz) in Hamburg/ Współczesna Przestrzeń Publiczna W Hsitorycznym Kontekście Miasta – Nowe Zagospodarowanie Placu Katedralnego (Domplatz) W Hamburgu

The article presents the history of transforming one of the oldest places in Hamburg - the Cathedral Square (Domplatz), as well as the influence of historical factors on the conception behind its development. A tumultuous history, especially the consequences of World War II, has led to the diminishment of its historical significance. The undeveloped quarter once occupied by a prehistoric settlement and St. Mary's Cathedral functioned as an urban wasteland and a parking lot for a few decades. Attempts to change this state of things proved unsuccessful. Currently, revitalization works aimed at renewing city centers are being realized more and more often, in order to make them become competitive against the overly developed suburbs and so as to return to the tradition of forming a European city. The green area established in the Cathedral Square in 2009 was to be built-up initially, but owing to the objection of urban communities - conservators, archeologists, politicians, as well as public opinion, such plans were abandoned. The proposed and realized current form of the square reflects the historical background of the city and honors the importance of the location. The article refers the described example to the Recommendation signed in 2011 by the UNESCO General Conference regarding Historic Urban Landscape.

A Problem of Religion Study Teaching in an Independent Kazakhstan

Teaching of “Religion study” as a discipline in the Republic of Kazakhstan has not been paid a proper attention yet because Kazakh people had suffered a lot in the process of gaining independence a creating a new state. All these events had negatively affected consciousness of people. A the is tie education in a totalitarism society diligently abolished spiritual-cultural basis of Kazakh people which brought to a strong weakening of religious concepts and values in people's consciousness. After gaining independence in the Republic if Kazakhstan a religious teaching begin to revive. However, the absence of unified religious conceptions among people had negatively affected a teaching of religion study and theology. Because of this reason the study of that problem and reasons of its appearance is found to be a matter of the present time. In this article we will analyze the reasons of that problem's appearance a regard the possible ways of solutions. At present time some centers of training specialists on the specialists “Religion study” are formerly. Unfortunately, the absence of untied standards of specialists’ training in these centers are leading to serious distinctions in methods and directions of teaching, also peculiarities of the outlook formed under the influence of historical factors are also the reasons of it. These peculiarities seriously affect teaching a school discipline “Religion study” in a secondary school. The article regards the above mentioned problems, introduces concrete decisions.

Training Problems of Religious Studies in Independent Kazakhstan

In the Republic of Kazakhstan training questions about religious still didn't receive enough attention since after statehood formation and before independence the Kazakhs endured a set of various historical events. Some of these events negatively affected people's consciousness. Seventy years of atheistic education changed people’s spiritual and cultural basis, as a result religious concepts partially lost the importance. After independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan started raise questions about teaching religious studies. However, heterogeneity in religious beliefs of the population to some extent negatively influences training in religious studies. Therefore study of the reasons for emergence of this problem turned into an actual problem. Within this article the genesis analysis of modern training problems in religious was carried out and ways of their decision were considered. Currently some religious teaching centers and preparation of the corresponding experts are formed. However, despite of the training standards are identical for all centers, ways of their implementation differ from each other. The reason for that – features of the outlook created under the influence of historical factors. These features cause necessity of teaching religious in high school. In article the questions on this problem was considered and necessary answers were given. The main method used in research work is the comparative historical method. In summary it is necessary to specify that authors within article do the full analysis of questions of teaching of the subject Religious studies and offer solutions of these questions.

Reproduction of Acanthodactylus erythrurus in Its Northern Boundary

Variation in the reproductive cycle of two populations of Acanthodactylus erythrurus living in coastal sandy areas of the NE extreme of its range was analyzed. This species exhibits strong influence of historical factors in its reproductive traits: vernal spermatogenic cycle, short incubation, K-selection, and high egg size variation. The populations studied are more similar to others from the Mediterranean coast than to those from Central Spain. In comparison with the latter, reproductive season is longer, adult sizes are smaller and sexual dimorphism is reduced. A second clutch can be laid when the reproductive season is long enough. Nevertheless, phenology in this species is less variable than in other Mediterranean Lacertidae. Since no evidence of suboptimal conditions was found in any population, it is concluded that factors other than reproductive ones may have restricted the range of this species in NE Spain.

RELACIONAMENTOS HOMOAFETIVOS ENTRE GAYS

O objetivo deste artigo é proporcionar reflexões acerca do tema de pesquisa relacionamentos homoafetivos entre gays, iniciando pela influência de fatores históricos que produziram um distanciamento do assunto como de interesse a ser investigado, bem como apontar acontecimentos significativos que levaram do desinteresse a realização de pesquisas nessa área. Ainda é foco de interesse descrever algumas características e dificuldades para que essas parcerias possam ocorrer e se tornarem estáveis, com base na influência de fatores como: preconceitos institucionais e familiares, ausência de rituais sinalizadores de compromisso, as dificuldades em função da homofobia internalizada e a socialização dos papéis de gênero masculino entre outros.

Public-private partnerships as a strategy against HIV/AIDS in South Africa: the influence of historical legacies

In the face of the extreme challenges posed by the South African HIV/AIDS epidemic, collaboration between public and private partners is often called for in an attempt to mobilise additional resources and generate synergies. This paper shows that the ability to successfully use public-private partnerships to address complex challenges, such as an HIV/AIDS epidemic, is influenced by the fabric of society, one important aspect being historical legacies. The first part of the article shows how South Africa's apartheid past affects the ability of public and private partners to collaborate in a response to HIV and AIDS today. It also takes into account how reconciliation and nation-building policies in the immediate post-transformation period have affected the ability to form and sustain partnerships concerning HIV/AIDS issues. The second part of the article analyses more recent developments regarding the information that these hold as to the feasibility of public-private partnerships and whether these continue to be affected by the legacies of the past. Two events with symbolic political value in South Africa, namely the 2010 FIFA World Cup soccer event and the recent changes in government, are systematically examined on the basis of three analytical queries, regarding: the impact of the event on nation-building and transcending cleavages in society; the event's impact on the ability to form public-private partnerships in general; and the role of HIV/AIDS in connection with the event. Conclusions are drawn a propos the influence of historic factors on the ability of South African society to effectively use public-private partnerships in the response to HIV and AIDS, and the continued dynamics and likely future directions of these partnerships.

Plant Succession in the Rocky Mountain Trench: Influence of Historical Factors

Plant succession in the Rocky Mountain Trench: influence of historical factors. DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v24i6_wikeem

Regional and Landscape-scale Patterns of Shrub Invasion in Tropical Savannas

The shrubby vine Cryptostegia grandiflora and the shrub Ziziphus mauritiana were both introduced to northern Australia over 100 years ago and have become invasive in savanna woodland environments. Data from a land resource survey were used to examine regional- and landscape-scale distribution patterns of these species in the Dalrymple Shire, an area of over 6 1/2 million hectares in northeast Queensland. Each species was present at 10% of the 2362 sites examined and most frequent and abundant close to Charters Towers, the major settlement of the regions. C. grandiflora was recorded at 50 % of sites within 20 km of the town and in 14 out of 21 of the region's major sub-catchments. Z. mauritiana was recorded at 32 % of sites within 20km of Charters Towers, but in only three sub-catchments. Little of the variation in frequency and abundance of C. grandiflora and Z. mauritiana was accounted for by landscape factors, including geology, soils, or vegetation. While survey results do not absolutely distinguish between history, habitat and disturbance in explaining the weed's current distributions within the region, a strong influence of historical factors is suggested. Both exotic species were much less abundant than Carissa spp., a native taxon that has purportedly increased in the region in recent decades. In spite of their current prominence as weeds, there is potential for further increase by both C. grandiflora and Z. mauritiana. This increase could include expansion from the zone of high abundance and proliferation within that zone. While the results of such surveys must be interpreted with caution, they can yield useful information about regional patterns of plant invasion.

HISTORICAL FACTORS AND ANISOPLETHIC POPULATION STRUCTURE IN TRISTYLOUS PONTEDERIA CORDATA: A REASSESSMENT.

Theoretical models of floral-morph frequencies in tristylous species predict a single equilibrium with all three morphs represented in equal proportions (isoplethy). North American populations of Pontederia cordata exhibit considerable heterogeneity of morph frequencies between populations, with the short-styled morph often in excess of isoplethic expectations and the long-styled morph commonly underrepresented. In a previous study, it was proposed that anisoplethic population structure in P. cordata is the result of differential male fertility, owing to genetic differences in pollen production among the morphs. In this study, the influence of historical factors on morph frequencies prior to equilibrium was investigated using a deterministic computer model. Nonequilibrium frequencies are strongly influenced by the genotypes of founding individuals, and, because tristyly is under the control of two diallelic loci, phenotypic equilibrium is approached asymptotically. The model indicates that in nonequilibrium populations the short-styled morph will be in excess and the long-styled morph will be underrepresented. This suggests that historical factors play an important role in determining population structure in P. cordata. Several features of the population ecology of the species lend support to this interpretation. Historical factors should be taken into account when interpreting data from population surveys of morph frequencies in tristylous species and of other genetic polymorphisms not under single-locus control.

Genetical processes in the Galapagos

Current understanding of the mode and tempo of evolutionary divergence within the major groups of terrestrial vertebrates of the Galapagos Archipelago is summarized from three perspectives: (I ) the number and relative timing of introductions for each group; (2) the influence of historical factors and present-day population demography of patterns and amounts of genetic diversity; and (3) possible mechanisms of adaptive radiation, or macroevolution, within the tortoise and finch groups. Native and introduced rats, lava lizards, geckos, and iguanas most likely had more than one episode of introduction from already differentiated mainland stocks. The finches and tortoises appear to have originated from but a single respective radiation. The influence of these differences in invasion histories is clearly evident in patterns of within-island genetic biochemical diversity and between-island or hetween-species differentiation. It is argued that much of the pattern of withinspecies geographic differentiation in genetic characters results from the temporal history of populations, including the amount of migration between islands, as well as differential selection pressures. Major morphological differentiation within both the finch and tortoise radiations has occurred with minimal change at structural gene loci. Studies of, for example, developmental heterochrony and character heritability analyses are needed to understand this apparent paradox.

A Theoretical Approach to a Study of Chalk Grassland

1. In the early days the emphasis was on floristics; in more recent years this has developed into a study of the distribution of species (Lousley 1950) and discussion of the origin of the various elements in the flora and the influence of historical factors on distribution problems (Pigott & Walters 1954). 2. In the 1920s investigations turned to seral relationships of the community and it has been shown that it should be regarded as a plagioclimax which probably originated by man's direct and indirect activity and is only maintained by his continued interference (Tansley & Adamson 1925). In his absence, and with the recent reduction in rabbit population, the community would rapidly disappear under scrub and finally woodland. This work has been amplified by the observations of later ecologists (Hope-Simpson 1940, Locket 1946). 3. The characteristic species of the ideal plagioclimax community have been described and listed with estimates of their frequency (Tansley & Adamson 1926). The figures, however, have been based largely on work in one area, the South Downs, and may be criticized on the grounds that there was bias in favour of sites on northern aspects which led to an over-representation of higher humiditytolerant species whilst species confined to drier aspects were under-represented. Little attempt has been made to recognize associations and sub-associations within the community though comments have been passed on the different types of grassland which occur on grazed and ungrazed sites, northand south-facing slopes. However, the comments have been concerned mainly with physiognomy whilst the associated distribution of smaller and less obvious members of the community has not been studied. Descriptions of chalk grassland in other parts of the country have been published (Dony 1953, Godwin 1938, Grose 1957, Pigott 1955) but so far no comparative studies have been made in any detail. The relationship to similar vegetation in Europe has only been briefly mentioned and awaits detailed investigation. 4. The physiological problems of chalk grassland have received considerable attention. The water relations were studied admirably over thirty years ago (Anderson 1927) but it would be of value to have observations from other types of chalk soils than those investigated. A study of the calcicole-calcifuge problem started with field observations and