Influence Of External Factors Research Articles

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ СЕКСИРОВАННОЙ СПЕРМЫ В МОЛОЧНОМ СКОТОВОДСТВЕ

The state and level of reproduction, including cattle, in modern changing conditions indicates the need to revise the main directions in the work on artificial insemination. The problems that have arisen due to the reduced integration of foreign technologies into our livestock farming and the artificial restriction of access to innovative technologies dictate the need for a careful assessment of existing problems and the search for opportunities to solve them. It is necessary to restore and create our own production base with the introduction of existing developments and the development of foreign experience in the field of artificial insemination to obtain offspring with a certain given sex. An integrated approach is needed to solve emerging problems. This is not only the provision of adequate feeding and exercise for reared heifers, bringing them to the anatomical and physiological parameters for insemination at 13–14 months, but also the development of a more advanced - accelerated technology for separating X- and Y-sperm with minimal negative effects that reduce quality indicators. It is important to understand the properties of sexed sperm obtained by various technological methods; there is also a need for methods for assessing it at different stages in the separation process and the effectiveness of insemination, taking into account the influence of various external negative production factors during use. Possible methods for assessing and separating viable sperm from those unsuitable for use, before preparation and after separation, are considered. Possible directions for the development of technology are reflected, taking into account existing scientific domestic and foreign developments. Available information is provided on the technological stages of the already used process of sexing the sperm of farm animals and its production evaluation. The features of using such sperm to obtain high fertility of animals in industrial animal husbandry are highlighted.

Antipredator behaviour in semi-feral horses: innate response and the influence of external factors.

Rewilding can play a vital role in safeguarding biodiversity, with the grazing pressure exerted by large ungulates and controlled by their predators being a significant factor, particularly in European contexts. Domestic horses are becoming integral to such ungulates' biomass, but they may differ from truly wild species due to their domesticated origin. This raises concerns about whether feral horses retain adequate antipredator behaviours, especially in the presence of expanding, large predators like wolves. The field of antipredator behaviour research is hampered by inconsistent results and a lack of standardisation, and the behaviour of free-ranging horses remains underexplored. To address this gap, we conducted a playback experiment on semi-feral Exmoor ponies (n = 97) in the Czech Republic, exposing them to wolf howls, deer rut calls, and static noise as a control. We assessed alert behaviour and herd grouping while accounting for variables such as herd size, sex, time of day, weather conditions, environment type, presence of other ungulates, and habituation effects. Over 70% of the ponies exhibited alert behaviour in response to both wolf and deer calls. Although the magnitude of responses did not differ significantly between wolf and deer calls, both elicited distinct reactions compared to the control. Most of the studied external factors significantly affected the observed alert responses, highlighting that they must be carefully considered in such studies since these may explain the conflicting results observed in previous studies. The significant behavioural differences in reaction to the sounds indicate that the horses can differentiate them and likely still possess some innate memory, as reported in other ungulates. This is a positive sign towards reintroduction. Future research should carefully consider the validity of the testing environment, habituation effects, and other external factors to ensure robust results.

Regional Features, Patterns and Experience of the Economic Life of the City of Sevastopol in the Second Half of the 19th – early 20th Centuries

The article explores the economic growth of the city of Sevastopol during the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, focusing on the most significant sectors of the city’s economy. The authors identify four distinct stages of development in the city during this period. The first stage, which lasted from the late 1850s to the late 1860s, was marked by a period of recession. This was due to limited budget financing and military spending, as well as the ineffectiveness of government stimulus measures. The second stage, which spanned from the early 1870s to the late 1890s, saw active recovery and economic growth. This period was marked by the lifting of restrictions on the fleet’s base in the Black Sea, the construction of the Lozovo-Sevastopol railway, and the transformation of Sevastopol into an independent territorial unit. The third stage, which lasted until 1910, was characterized by stagnation due to the closure of the commercial port and the revolutionary movement. This stagnation was evident in the slow growth of urban incomes, a decrease in foreign trade turnover, and a slow implementation of major projects. The fourth and final stage, which lasted from 1910 to 1915, saw the revival of the city’s economy. This period saw thelaunch of major urban improvement projects such as the construction of a floating sewer system, a hydropathic hospital, a coastal port in Streletskaya Bay, and the completion of a water pipeline. The study concludes that the city’s economy developed quite actively, but at the same time unevenly, due to the influence of various internal and external factors.

Influence of internal and external factors on thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion batteries induced by dual heat sources: An experimental research

Localized overheating is a common application fault in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and a significant trigger for thermal runaway (TR). The application scenarios involving multi-point synchronous heating have made the induction of LIB TR behavior by dual heat sources a research hotspot. Both internal battery conditions and external heat source conditions influence TR behavior. This study systematically investigates and analyzes experimental results from two aspects: internal battery conditions (cathode material type and state of charge (SOC)) and external heat source conditions (arrangement of dual heat sources and heating power). The results show that SOC and cathode materials are the key factors affecting thermal safety. Under dual heat source induction, NCM811 battery has the lowest TR triggering temperature and the highest TR peak temperature due to the difference in thermal stability of electrode materials. Different heat source arrangement will affect the heat transfer path between the battery and the heat source, and then affect the heat transfer and heat dissipation efficiency between the battery modules. HBH heat source arrangement has the shortest thermal runaway triggering time. TR in NCM batteries is accompanied by flame jetting behavior, with the largest peak flame area of 4415 cm2 observed in 100 % SOC NCM811 batteries. The primary components of particulate matter in TR eruptions are carbon and metal oxides, with internal battery conditions being important factors influencing the composition of erupted particles. The severity of TR is linked to mass loss, with NCM811 batteries experiencing the highest mass loss due to the combustion of more materials, indicating greater fire risk. The research results provide important scientific references for improving the theory of LIB TR, guiding TR and fire prevention and control, and formulating relevant standards.

An AttSDNet model for multi-scale feature perception enhanced remote sensing classification of coastal salt-marsh wetlands.

Coastal salt-marsh wetlands have important ecological value, and play an important role in coastal blue carbon sink. However, under the influence of various external and natural factors, coastal wetland ecosystems worldwide have severely degraded, leading to biodiversity loss and ecological damage. Based on satellite remote sensing data and deep learning methods, it is an effective means to quickly monitor the spatial distribution of coastal wetlands, which is very important for the protection and restoration of coastal wetlands. The U-Net deep learning framework, because of its low data requirements, fast training speed, and efficient architectural design, has seen rapid development and widespread application in the field of image segmentation. However, applying the classic U-Net architecture to the classification of coastal wetland images, which have rich and complex cover types. It struggles to effectively capture the spatial dependencies and multi-scale feature information present in remote sensing images. To address this issue, this study introduces an enhanced U-Net model that integrates attention mechanisms and multi-scale feature extraction. This model employs stacked dilated convolutions to improve the U-Net's single receptive field limitation, thereby enhancing the model's ability to learn the multi-scale features of typical land covers in complex coastal wetlands. Furthermore, a combined channel-spatial attention mechanism module is incorporated to strengthen the extraction and learning of spectral and spatial features of remote sensing image land covers. This highlights the feature of small-scale land covers that are difficult to capture. Remote sensing image classification was conducted using Sentinel-2 optical imagery on the coastal wetlands of the Yellow River Estuary and Jiaozhou Bay located in Shandong Peninsula, China. An independent test dataset was used to validate the model's accuracy, and comparative experiments were conducted with several existing classification methods. The results show that the proposed model achieved the highest classification accuracy in coastal wetland remote sensing image classification compared to SVM, VGG, FCN, U-Net, ResU-Net, and SDU-Net models. The overall accuracy of the two study areas is 92.73% and 98.69%, and the MIoU is 77.68% and 83.76%, respectively. For different scales of land cover types, such as larger-scale distributions of Tamarix chinensis and ponds, the improved model's MIoU increased by 17.72% and 5.45%, respectively. For elongated structures like artificial roads and tidal channels, the MIoU improved by 9.82% and 5.41%. The proposed method effectively extracts and learns the remote sensing feature information of land cover targets at different scales, enhances the classification accuracy of large-scale land covers, and effectively addresses the issues of detail loss in small target classification and disconnection in linear land cover classification. It provides a more accurate and robust technical method for coastal wetland remote sensing classification, offering a solid data foundation for analyzing the distribution of typical land covers. Additionally, it has significant implications for efficiently monitoring biodiversity and protecting the ecological environment in coastal wetlands.

Популяційно-генетичний аналіз населення Запорізької області за даними прізвищ

The genetic structure of a population determines its adaptability, which is reflected in the population’s health, cultural, and intellectual potential. This study aimed to determine the indicators that characterize the genetic structure of populations in the Zaporizhzhia oblast. Throughout its centuries, the Zaporizhzhia oblast has been a crossroads of cultures, making it one of the most ethnically and genetically diverse areas. Surname-based indicators were obtained to characterise populations of the Zaporizhzhia oblast at various hierarchical levels to deepen the understanding of the state of the Ukrainian gene pool. The method used was the description of the genetic structure of the population through surnames, as proposed by I. Barrai. The study used a list of surnames of residents of the Zaporizhzhia oblast from 2001 to 2005. Twenty separate district populations, the city of Zaporizhzhia, and the overall regional population were analysed. The results indicate a significant range of variation in the structural organization of district populations. The main indicator, the isonymy index (I), ranges from 3.6 to 19.0 (×10-4). The inbreeding coefficient (FST) varies from 8.9 to 47.6 (×10-5), the migration rate (v) ranges from 213.0 to 1168.6 (10-4), the diversity index (a) ranges from 5.5 to 28.8 (×102), and the entropy index (H) is between 10.1 and 12.9. The surname redundancy (R) also fluctuates significantly from 17.2 to 27.4. In some settlements, individuals with the same surname are clustered, which the founder effect can explain. The indicators of isonymy, inbreeding, and migration in district populations significantly exceed those of the regional population, indicating the specific genetic structure at the local level. The lowest levels of isonymy are observed in districts with high tourist and transit activity, which may indicate the influence of external factors on genetic diversity. This data provides valuable insights for further studies in population genetics and can be used to develop strategies for preserving genetic and cultural diversity in the country.

Error-related potentials during multitasking involving sensorimotor control: an ERP and offline decoding study for brain-computer interface

Humans achieve efficient behaviors by perceiving and responding to errors. Error-related potentials (ErrPs) are electrophysiological responses that occur upon perceiving errors. Leveraging ErrPs to improve the accuracy of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), utilizing the brain's natural error-detection processes to enhance system performance, has been proposed. However, the influence of external and contextual factors on the detectability of ErrPs remains poorly understood, especially in multitasking scenarios involving both BCI operations and sensorimotor control. Herein, we hypothesized that the difficulty in sensorimotor control would lead to the dispersion of neural resources in multitasking, resulting in a reduction in ErrP features. To examine this, we conducted an experiment in which participants were instructed to keep a ball within a designated area on a board, while simultaneously attempting to control a cursor on a display through motor imagery. The BCI provided error feedback with a random probability of 30%. Three scenarios–without a ball (single-task), lightweight ball (easy-task), and heavyweight ball (hard-task)–were used for the characterization of ErrPs based on the difficulty of sensorimotor control. In addition, to examine the impact of multitasking on ErrP-BCI performance, we analyzed single-trial classification accuracy offline. Contrary to our hypothesis, varying the difficulty of sensorimotor control did not result in significant changes in ErrP features. However, multitasking significantly affected ErrP classification accuracy. Post-hoc analyses revealed that the classifier trained on single-task ErrPs exhibited reduced accuracy under hard-task scenarios. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate how ErrPs are modulated in a multitasking environment involving both sensorimotor control and BCI operation in an offline framework. Although the ErrP features remained unchanged, the observed variation in accuracy suggests the need to design classifiers that account for task load even before implementing a real-time ErrP-based BCI.

INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF UKRAINE AND EU SUPPORT DURING CRISIS PERIODS

The study of Ukraine’s investment attractiveness during periods of crisis highlights the significant influence of external factors on the investment situation in the country, particularly regarding the inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). In the context of global and local crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s military invasion, Ukraine’s economic situation has experienced significant fluctuations, which have reflected on the investment climate. European Union countries play a key role in providing financial support, which is an important factor in stabilizing Ukraine’s economy during this period. The aim of this research is to assess investment flows from EU countries and the investment attractiveness of Ukraine during crisis times. One of the key aspects of the study is analyzing the dynamics of FDI from EU countries. During the analyzed period, the volume of investments fluctuated significantly, indicating the instability of the investment environment. The largest investments in Ukraine come from the Netherlands and Germany, indicating the long-term interest of these countries in the Ukrainian market despite the crisis periods. Despite difficulties, 57% of companies already operating in Ukraine plan to continue their investments, and 79% are ready to contribute to the country’s reconstruction after the war. This emphasizes the potential for economic recovery in the future, particularly due to international support. The methodology of the research includes both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis, particularly statistical and comparative analysis. The practical value of the article lies in identifying the main factors affecting changes in the investment situation in Ukraine during crisis periods, as well as in developing recommendations to improve the investment climate. To enhance investment attractiveness and stabilize Ukraine’s economy, it is crucial to continue reforms in the legal system, combat corruption, and improve the business climate through deregulation and simplification of administrative procedures. Additionally, Ukraine needs to actively work on infrastructure recovery plans, which will create new investment opportunities. The success of these measures depends on achieving stability and security, which form the basis for Ukraine’s economic development in the future.

Enhancing athletes' motivation through optimization of the training process

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the issue of enhancing athletes' motivation in the context of optimizing the training process. The authors emphasize the key role of motivation in achieving athletic performance, highlighting its variability under the influence of both external factors (e.g., training environment, coach’s influence, social support) and internal ones (personal attitudes, emotional state, stress levels). The article focuses on the importance of adapting training programs to the individual needs of athletes, ensuring a balance between physical workloads, psychological support, and motivational incentives. The study demonstrates that personalized programs designed with consideration for athletes' specific characteristics can significantly influence their level of engagement in the training process, enhance self-discipline, create prerequisites for achieving long-term goals, and prevent emotional burnout. Special attention is given to the coach’s role as both a motivator and strategist in constructing an effective training process. The article’s conclusions point to the necessity of integrating psychological research into the practical training of athletes. The authors provide practical recommendations for coaches to help develop motivational strategies, improve training efficiency, and achieve consistently high athletic results. Motivation and discipline are important psychological aspects that influence the optimization of athletes' training processes. Motivation does not guarantee results, as it depends on inspiration, mood, and emotions, but it serves as a powerful drive for developing tactics and strategies, improving training, and determining the starting point, which helps focus on achieving the goal.

Endogenesis and Externalization: Configurational Influence of Learning Engagement Among Chinese University Students Majoring in Tourism

Learning engagement among university students is a critical predictor of academic success. This study, drawing on responses from 333 questionnaires completed by Chinese tourism students, employs the fsQCA method to construct a configurational impact model of learning engagement, exploring the paths and mechanisms of its influence. The study finds that learning engagement among tourism students is shaped by the combined influence of internal and external factors, with internal factors—such as professional cognition, professional evaluations, professional emotions, and academic self-efficacy—playing a foundational and central role. External factors, such as the university environment, provide additional influence, though their impact varies depending on the type of learning engagement. A high level of learning engagement is associated with two distinct configurational paths, identified as the endogenous model and the endogenous–exogenous promotion model. Having positive professional evaluations and a strong professional identity is found to have a significant positive impact on students’ academic engagement. Conversely, a low level of learning engagement follows three distinct configurational paths, collectively termed the endogenous suppression model, in which a lack of professional emotions and low academic self-efficacy are key inhibitors of academic engagement. Theoretical and practical implications based on the research findings are also discussed.

A Field Trial to Study the Effects of Stenella attenuata Deterrent on the Catch of a Light-Falling Net Fishery

The incidental capture (bycatch) of protected cetaceans in fishing gear has become a serious problem worldwide. Bycatch has also had many serious consequences for pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) in the light-falling net fishery within this research area. We provided a self-developed acoustic deterrent device and conducted trials to investigate the long-term deterrent effects on Stenella attenuata and assess the influence of external factors on fishing catch. In 2022, 50 deterrence trials were conducted, of which 38 were effective and 12 were ineffective. In 2023, 30 deterrence trials were conducted: 24 effective and 6 ineffective. No dolphin bycatch occurred within a two-year period. Overall, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of the effective deterrence nights was 4.96 ± 3.06 kg/min, while the CPUE of the ineffective nights was 3.78 ± 3.10 kg/min. There was a significant difference (p = 0.041, >0.05) between the two conditions. On the nights when dolphins did not appear, the average CPUE was 5.04 ± 4.44 kg/min. This CPUE was not different from the night on which deterrence was successful (p = 0.981, >0.05), but was considerably higher than night on which deterrence was unsuccessful (p = 0.028, <0.05). General additive model results indicate that month, longitude, flow direction, latitude, wind direction, dolphin number, and wind speed affect fish catch. The ADD may be improved by manually controlling the pulse frequency, transmission interval, and type to improve deter efficiency.

Acquittal of the Crime of Murder in Surabaya District Court: Judge's Decision in the Trial of Gregorius Ronald Tannur

This study analyses the legal considerations behind the acquittal of Gregorius Ronald Tannur in a murder case (verdict number 454/Pid.B/2024/PN Sby) and its conformity with the principles of justice and legal certainty in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to critically examine the legal reasoning used by the judge in the judgement. Using a normative legal research methodology, this study examined primary legal materials, including the Criminal Code and court judgements, as well as secondary sources. The findings show that the judge's decision ignored important evidence, such as the visum et repertum showing injuries to the victim and CCTV footage showing the defendant's involvement. Although the judge argued that the defendant was not guilty and had tried to help the victim, this claim was not in line with the facts revealed during the trial. This raises significant concerns about the integrity of the judicial process and the influence of external factors on legal decisions. To restore public confidence, reform of judicial practices and stricter enforcement against corruption among judges is essential to ensure fair and proper outcomes in the legal system.

Regional aspects of increasing accessibility financial services for the population

Ensuring the availability of financial services at the regional level depends on external and internal factors, including the demands of society as a whole, the needs of citizens, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to expand opportunities for obtaining financial services in municipalities of the regions. The fundamental goal of the state is to neutralize the influence of external and internal factors, which will not only ensure the financial security of an individual, but of the country as a whole.The analysis and assessment of the level of accessibility of financial services in the country's hotel region allows us to identify the features that affect the current state and systematize the directions of its provision. Monitoring the availability of financial services makes it possible to develop and implement a set of measures taking into account the specifics of the socio-economic situation of the municipality. Special attention should be paid to the availability of financial services in remote areas. The effectiveness of implemented measures largely depends on the objectivity of the assessment of the existing infrastructure, which determines the direction of the developed measures.

Exploring the Influence of Internal and External Factors on E-Waste Management Practices in Malaysia: Examining the Significance of Eco-Efficiency Strategy

Exploring the Influence of Internal and External Factors on E-Waste Management Practices in Malaysia: Examining the Significance of Eco-Efficiency Strategy

Ecosystem Drivers of Freshwater Mercury Bioaccumulation Are Context-Dependent: Insights from Continental-Scale Modeling.

Significant variation in mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation is observed across the diversity of freshwater ecosystems in North America. While there is support for the major drivers of Hg bioaccumulation, the relative influence of different external factors can vary widely among waterbodies, which makes predicting Hg risk across large spatial scales particularly challenging. We modeled Hg bioaccumulation by coupling Hg concentrations in more than 21,000 dragonflies collected across the United States from 2008 to 2021 with a suite of chemical (e.g., dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pH, sulfate) and landscape (e.g., soil characteristics, land cover) variables representing external drivers of Hg methylation, transport, and uptake. Model predictions explained 85% of the variation in dragonfly Hg concentrations across the United States. Certain predictor variables were more important than others (e.g., DOC, pH, and percent wetland), and they varied among waterbodies. Variation in Hg bioaccumulation was explained by including habitat and ecosystem type in a hierarchical modeling framework, which confirms the context-dependency of external factors in explaining Hg bioaccumulation across disparate freshwater ecosystems. This continent-scale model provides valuable insights into the processes underlying landscape-scale patterns in Hg exposure risk and demonstrates that drivers of Hg methylation and bioaccumulation are habitat- and ecosystem-dependent.

Russia, China and the USA: perception of effects in the corporate bond market

Purpose: is to identify the dynamics of mutual influences and risks in the corporate bond markets of Russia, China, and the United States under conditions of external environmental instability.Methods: the methods of comparative and econometric analysis of daily data from 2016 to 2024 were used, including the average yields of short- and medium-term corporate and the government bonds of the Russian Federation, China and the United States, selling prices of gold, oil, exchange rates, refinancing rates. GARCH models for forecasting the volatility of the index of corporate bonds of the Russian Federation and China under the influence of internal and external factors, multidimensional quantile regression for industries of the Russian Federation are calculated.Results: six stages of changes in the dynamics of the corporate bond debt market under the influence of the market itself and external factors were highlighted. Periodization made it possible to study the impact of short-term and long-term effects of shocks on the debt market. For the Russian Federation, the volatility weight of the previous period is more than twice the weight of the long-term average volatility. For China, this ratio is even higher. The debt market of the Russian Federation is influenced by the debt markets of China and the United States, but the opposite has not been proven. Three groups of branches of the Russian economy have been formed according to the generality of reaction to external influences.Conclusions and Relevance: during crisis periods, the weight of long-term average market volatility and local factors increases, while that of external factors decreases. Understanding the interactions of internal and external factors allows investors to anticipate market fluctuations, adapt and protect capital. For the Government, this provides an opportunity to develop scientifically sound risk forecasts and use new financial instruments such as yuan bonds.

A Study on Analysis of the Operational Risks Associated with the Manufacturing Plant & the Roles of Managers in Reducing the Risks

The goal of risk management for large corporations is identifying and effectively minimizing operational risk. This research focuses on the influence of internal and external factors on operational risk in manufacturing sites. Scholars, as well as practitioners, have recognized the importance of operational risk in the recent past. I also mentioned the operational risk approaches to measuring the risk of the manufacturing firms. This concept is further extended by considering the risk flow to evaluate operational risk. The application of the risk flow concept is discussed in the context of a case study carried out in a consumer products company. I applied Monte Carlo and discrete-event simulation techniques to develop the model. The simulation results are then compared across the experiments to see how the change in specific parameters led to a change in the level of operational risk exposure for this Company.

Learning Outcomes: How is the Experimentation of the AIR Learning Model?

This study examines how the experimentation of the Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) learning model impacts students' learning outcomes in the Islamic Cultural History (SKI) subject at MTs Negeri 1 Bandar Lampung. The research is motivated by students' learning outcomes that have not met the Minimum Competency Criteria (KKM), which may be due to limitations in teaching methods and the influence of other external factors. This study employs a quantitative approach, with the population consisting of all eighth-grade students. The sample includes class VIII(A) as the experimental group and class VIII(B) as the control group. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test, yielding a final significance value of 0.070. This indicates that there is no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups. These results suggest that the AIR learning model does not produce significantly different learning outcomes compared to conventional teaching methods in this context. Therefore, further research is needed to optimize the application of the AIR learning model in the Islamic Cultural History (SKI) subject.

Seasonal Variations in the Structure and Function of the Gut Flora in Adult Male Rhesus Macaques Reared in Outdoor Colonies.

The seasonal variations that occur in the gut microbiota of healthy adult rhesus monkeys kept in outdoor groups under conventional rearing patterns and how these variations are affected by environmental variables are relatively poorly understood. In this study, we collected 120 fecal samples from 30 adult male rhesus monkeys kept in outdoor groups across four seasons and recorded the temperature and humidity of the housing facilities, as well as the proportions of fruit and vegetables in their diet. A 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota of the rhesus monkeys was higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. A principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) further demonstrated notable seasonal variations in the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota in the rhesus monkeys. The phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and the genus Prevotella 9 were the significantly dominant groups in all 120 fecal samples from the rhesus monkeys. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis (LDA > 4) indicated that at the phylum level, Firmicutes was significantly enriched in winter, Bacteroidetes was significantly enriched in summer, and Proteobacteria and Campylobacter were significantly enriched in spring. At the genus level, Helicobacter and Ralstonia were significantly enriched in spring; Prevotella 9, Streptococcus, and Prevotella were significantly enriched in summer; and UCG_005 was significantly enriched in autumn. The beneficial genera Lactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, and Ligilactobacillus and the beneficial species Lactobacillus johnsonii, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Ligilactobacillus murinus, and Lactobacillus amylovorus all showed the same seasonal trend; namely, their average relative abundance was markedly greater during the winter months compared to other seasons. Compared with other seasons, carbohydrate metabolic function was significantly upregulated in winter (p < 0.01), amino acid metabolic function was relatively increased in spring, and energy metabolic function and the metabolic function of cofactors and vitamins were significantly downregulated in winter and relatively upregulated in summer. A variance partitioning analysis (VPA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the proportions of fruits and vegetables in the diet, but not climatic factors (temperature and humidity), significantly influenced the seasonal changes in the gut microbiota. These variations were related to changes in the proportions of fruits and vegetables. This research presents novel findings regarding the influence of external environmental factors on the gastrointestinal environment of rhesus monkeys.

Organisational factors influencing the integration model of interaction between a pedagogical university and a regional educational system

Introduction. At the current stage of development in the interaction between pedagogical universities and regional education systems (RESs), there is an opportunity to evaluate both the effectiveness of existing models of collaboration between the region and universities, as well as the influence of internal and external factors on the functioning of these models. Aim. The present research aimed to identify the most significant factors influencing the effectiveness of the integration model of interaction between a pedagogical university and RESs, as well as how these factors are perceived by the participants involved in this interaction. Methodology and research methods. In this study, the authors investigated the effectiveness of various factors influencing the integration model of interaction between pedagogical universities and RESs through the lens of systems and environmental approaches. In this context, interaction is viewed as both a process and an outcome of the dynamically evolving relationships between complex, integrated systems, aimed at maintaining balance and achieving objectives within the contemporary socio-cultural educational environment. A survey was employed as the assessment method, involving 2,335 employees from regional educational organisations, educational authorities, educational development institutes, and pedagogical universities. The participants ranged in age from 20 to 73 years, with an average age of 45.6 years (standard deviation: 12.3), and 89.8% of the respondents were women. Results. The study revealed a discrepancy between the perspectives of different parties regarding the nature of their interactions, particularly in how representatives from various organisations perceive the functioning of interaction models between pedagogical universities and RESs. University representatives view these interactions as more fruitful and intensive, while RES representatives tend to perceive their engagement with pedagogical universities primarily in terms of addressing the challenges of training future teachers and mitigating staff shortages within RESs. Furthermore, the research indicated that the territorial factor holds greater significance for RES representatives compared to university employees. It was also found that the selection of programme content and the educational outcomes associated with it reflect the actual deficits and needs of the interacting parties. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a large-scale survey conducted among representatives of RESs and pedagogical universities comprehensively examined the perceptions of the involved parties regarding the nature of their interaction. It also identified the factors influencing this interaction and revealed the expectations of the participants concerning the professional development programme. Practical significance. The research findings can serve as a foundation for designing interactions between pedagogical universities and RESs. This implementation is feasible during the development of professional competencies, motivations, and the significance of collaborative activities within a specially designed professional development programme for the participants involved in this interaction.