Influence Of Competition Research Articles

The impact of industry competition on the value relevance of goodwill impairments across different information environments

Building upon prior studies that explore the impact of competition on financial reporting quality, this paper investigates the influence of industry-level competition on the value relevance of goodwill impairments. Additionally, it examines whether this impact is more pronounced for firms operating in countries with rich information environments. We analyze 21,224 firm-year observations from companies in 21 countries that reported under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). We find that companies facing higher product market competition tend to report impairment losses that are relevant to investors’ equity valuation decisions. This is consistent with the notion that companies in competitive industries are subject to greater scrutiny and have fewer incentives to manipulate their impairment reporting. We also find that the impact of industry competition on the value relevance of goodwill impairments is more pronounced in the rich information environments of market-based economies than bank-oriented economies. These findings underscore the impact of competition and its interplay with the information environment on the market perception of accounting information that is subject to managerial discretion.

A Study of Delayed Competitive Influence Propagation Based on Shortest Path Calculation

In social network applications, competitive influence propagation often exhibits a certain degree of time lag. In the scenario of positive and negative competitive propagation studied in this paper, under the premise that negative nodes are activated first, how to find a set of positive seed nodes to participate in competitive propagation is studied, aiming to minimize the spread of negative influence. In the current study, the time complexity of the improved algorithms based on greedy strategies is high, which limits their scope of application in practical scenarios; some heuristic algorithms achieve better scalability, but there is still much room for improvement. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method to solve the influence propagation problem of delayed competition, also known as a heuristic propagation factor evaluation algorithm (HeuPFE). The main process is as follows: (1) We build a shortest path snapshot for the nearest propagation region of negative nodes and reduce the search space of competing nodes. (2) Then, we construct a node propagation factor evaluation method based on this shortest negative-oriented node path snapshot to reduce computational complexity. Comparing results with those of traditional heuristic algorithms, we carry out experiments on real datasets and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Assessing the effects of logistics performance on export and competitiveness using SEM methodology: evidence from firm-level data

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to determine the importance of trade logistics in export intensification and competitiveness on the level of individual companies. Within the framework of logistics performance, the influences of customs efficiency and physical trade infrastructure quality were tested on export while the contribution to improving competitiveness was analyzed through logistics services and the Logistics 4.0 component. In addition, the influence of competitiveness on companies’ exports was examined.Design/methodology/approachThe research was conducted based on a survey intended for the management of export-oriented companies which was distributed through the system of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Serbia. A total of 298 responses were collected and provided the basis for the application of structural equation modeling (SEM) approach.FindingsThe physical trade infrastructure was found to be a significant factor in stimulating exports, while the quality of logistics services has a statistically significant impact on the level of competitiveness. The results also indicate that improving the competitiveness of companies gives positive results in stimulating their exports.Originality/valueStudies that analyze the impact of trade logistics using primary data from surveys are rare. In this paper, for the first time, the SEM methodology was applied in the assessment of logistics performance effects on export and competitiveness of individual companies. Also, the impact of the logistics 4.0 concept on selected companies’ performance was empirically tested for the first time.

The Influence of Grammatical and Competition on Communication Anxiety of Students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Study Program, Wisnuwardhana University, Malang

In general, it is found that several students experience difficulties in pronouncing the language, do not dare to speak firmly, and seem to have difficulty with the grammatical meaning of what is said. The problem is a lack of understanding of grammatical meaning and competition at his age, sometimes appearing nervous, worried, feeling shy, tense, avoiding face-to-face and anxious when communicating. The student's condition needs to be studied with the aim of finding out the extent of the difficulties they are experiencing to be used to solve the problem. There were 87 students participating in the Indonesian Language and Literature Study Program at Wisnuwardhana University Malang, using a population study sampling technique. Quantitative research methods using competitive, grammatical and communication anxiety scales have been tested for validity with Moment Products, and reliability with Cronbach's Alpha, the results are valid and reliable. The results of data analysis using ANOVA show that the sig 0.161 is not significant because the result is > 0.05, meaning that communication anxiety is not only influenced by grammar and competition but can also be influenced by other aspects.

Competitive Influence Maximization in Trust-Based Social Networks With Deep Q-Learning

Social network analysis is a rapidly evolving research area having several real-life application areas, e.g. digital marketing, epidemiology, spread of misinformation. Influence maximization aims to select a subset of nodes in such manner that the information propagated over the network is maximized. Competitive influence maximization, which describes the phenomena of multiple actors competing for resources within the same infrastructure, can be solved with a greedy approach selecting the seed nodes utilizing the influence strength between nodes. Recently, deep reinforcement learning methods were applied for estimating the influence strength. We train a controller with reinforcement learning for selecting a node list of given length as the initial seed set for the information spread. Our experiments show that deep Q-learning methods are suitable to analyze the competitive influence maximization on trust and distrust based social networks. Keywords: influence maximization, reinforcement learning, Q-learning.

Competition and Digital Game Design: a Self-Determination Theory Perspective

Abstract Although competition is a common feature of digital games, nuances of when and why aspects of competition influence players' motivation and well-being have been surprisingly underexplored, especially through the lens of self-determination theory (SDT). In this critical review, we: (1) describe how a mini-theory of SDT, cognitive evaluation theory (CET), can help predict when and why aspects of competition will alternatively satisfy or frustrate basic psychological needs in digital games with downstream effects on players' motivation and well-being; (2) apply the Motivation, Engagement and Thriving in User Experience (METUX) model to outline ways competition in digital games can influence motivation and well-being at multiple levels; and (3) prioritize future research directions. Finally, we argue that digital games, given their diversity, adaptability and massive reach, represent an especially powerful context for studying competition, motivation and well-being. Research Highlights This critical review integrates self-determination theory (SDT)-guided models and research related to HCI, sports psychology and well-being supportive design to advance understanding of competition in digital games. Introduces a new taxonomy of competition relevant to SDT and digital games, including macro-level categories, general elements and specific features. Presents a competition and digital gaming specific cognitive evaluation theory (CET) model linking different aspects of competition in digital games to basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration, motivation, health and well-being. Applying the METUX model, we map out ways researchers and game makers can think about aspects of competition in digital games at multiple levels or spheres of influence. Prioritizes future directions for research, specifically related to experimentally manipulating digital feedback and digital representations of self and others in digital games.

Understory bamboo removal impacts on woody seedling regeneration in forest ecosystems: a meta-analysis

BackgroundTree seedling regeneration in forests is often hindered by the competitive influence of dense understory bamboo competition. While localized studies have investigated the ecological effects of understory bamboo removal on tree seedlings, a comprehensive analysis at a global scale is lacking. In this meta-analysis, we synthesized 497 observations from 32 experimental studies to assess the overall effects of understory bamboo removal on tree seedling regeneration.ResultsThe results showed that understory bamboo removal enhanced tree seedling survival, emergence, and height growth. However, the response of tree seedlings to bamboo removal varied depending on regeneration characteristics, forest types, and bamboo removal methods. Specifically, understory bamboo removal increased the survival rate of deciduous seedlings but had no significant effect on evergreen seedlings. For regeneration stages, bamboo removal had a significant positive effect on the survival rate of saplings but not on seedlings. Regarding differences across forest types, bamboo removal significantly increased the emergence density of seedlings in deciduous broadleaf forests but had a significant negative influence in evergreen and mixed evergreen-deciduous forests. Additionally, natural removal of bamboo showed a greater positive effect on seedlings than bamboo removal by artificial or animal gnawing methods. Furthermore, we found that the duration of bamboo removal, mean annual temperature, precipitation of seasonality, and soil pH strongly influenced the response ratios of tree seedling regeneration.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis demonstrates the significant effects of understory bamboo removal on multiple facets of tree seedling dynamics across different regeneration characteristics, forest types, and bamboo removal methods. In addition, our study emphasizes that the duration of bamboo removal, climate, and soil pH have a critical effect on tree seedling regeneration. Our findings elucidate the effects of understory bamboo removal on seedling regeneration, offering robust scientific insights for sustainable forest management.

Unveiling the impact of foreign competition on the bond market: Insights from S&P debt ratings

This study investigates the influence of foreign competition on U.S. firms’ debt ratings. The findings reveal a significant downgrade in ratings with increased foreign competition, in particular affecting firms with prospector strategies, low organizational capital, high information asymmetry, weak governance, and reshaping creditworthiness assessment.

How does digital transformation affect the total factor productivity of China's A-share listed enterprises in the mineral resource-based sector?

In light of the escalating constraints on resources and the complexities of sustainable development, the conventional extensive production approaches employed by mineral resource-based enterprises are ill-suited to fulfill the demands for efficient and eco-friendly operations. Such circumstances call for the adoption of novel development paradigms that promote sustainable practices. Particularly, the digital transformation has become a pivotal pathway towards the realization of high-quality development within the context of the ongoing technological revolution and the shift in economic frameworks. Based on the comprehensive dataset of the annual reports and input-output data of Chinese A-share listed enterprises between 2009 and 2021, this study seeks to examine the net impact and potential channels through which digital transformation affects the total factor productivity of these specific enterprises. The empirical results confirm the promoting effect of digital transformation on enterprises' total factor productivity. This highlight persists valid after a series of thorough robustness checks. Notably, this beneficial role can be achieved by the enhancement of corporate capabilities, the mitigation of financial constraints, and the improvement of economic advantages. And the heterogeneity in this promoting effect is evident across enterprises with different characteristics. The positive moderating influence of government competitions in this context is a factor that warrants consideration. Thereby, the research highlights not only furnish a rigorous scientific foundation and direction guide for the strategic formulation of mineral resource-based enterprises, but also proffer critical insights for policymakers to accelerate the modernization endeavor of resource-based cities as well as entire regional domains.

The Influence of Service Marketing Mix and Competitiveness on Customer Loyalty through Brand Equity of Loading and Unloading Services for Non-Container Goods at PT Pelindo Banjarmasin

The Influence of Service Marketing Mix and Competitiveness on Customer Loyalty through Brand Equity of Loading and Unloading Services for Non-Container Goods at PT Pelindo Banjarmasin

CRB: A new rumor blocking algorithm in online social networks based on competitive spreading model and influence maximization

Abstract The virtuality and openness of online social platforms make it a hotbed for the rapid propagation of various rumors. In order to block the outbreak of rumor, one of the most effective containment measures is spreading positive information to counterbalance the diffusion of rumor. The spreading mechanism of rumors and effective suppression strategies are significant and challenging research issues. Firstly, in order to simulate the dissemination of multiple types of information, we propose a competitive linear threshold model with state transition (CLTST) to describe the spreading process of rumor and anti-rumor in the same network. Subsequently, we put forward a community-based rumor blocking algorithm (CRB) based on influence maximization theory in social networks. Its crucial step is to identify a set of influential seeds that propagate anti-rumor information to other nodes, which includes community detection, selection of candidate anti-rumor seeds and generation of anti-rumor seed set. Under CLTST model, CRB algorithm has been compared with six state-of-the-art algorithms on nine online social networks to verify the performance. Experimental results show that the proposed model can better reflect the process of rumor propagation, and review the propagation mechanism of rumor and anti-rumor in online social networks. Moreover, the proposed CRB algorithm has better performance in weakening the rumor dissemination ability, which can select anti-rumor seeds in networks more accurately and achieve better performance in influence spread, sensitivity analysis, seeds distribution and running time.

The effect of competition from informal firms on proactive environmental strategies in emerging economies

AbstractDrawing on the Attention Base View (ABV) theory, this paper examines the adoption of Proactive Environmental Strategies (PES) by formal firms in emerging economies and explores the influence of informal competition. We investigate the moderating effects of contextual factors (number of formal competitors) and firm characteristics (CEO's experience). Using data from the 2019 World Bank Enterprise Survey, we apply a Negative Binomial model to a sample of 7,436 manufacturing firms across 25 emerging economies. Unlike previous evidence, our findings suggest that formal firms facing competition from informal counterparts tend to adopt PES to bolster competitiveness. However, the perception of high formal competition and the CEO's industry experience may reduce PES adoption. This study advances our understanding of PES adoption in emerging economies, emphasizing the significance of informal competition. It also increases the evidence of the ABV approach to environmental strategy research, offering insights for managing environmental challenges in emerging markets.

Greening the path to disruptive innovation: The roles of CEOs characteristics, green organizational identity, and green product competitiveness

AbstractThis study explores the link between sustainability orientation and disruptive innovation in small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) by embracing both the natural resource‐based view (NRBV) and upper echelons theory. By drawing on these theories and extending them, it sheds light on the executives' characteristics and organizational contingencies leading to disruptive innovation. Starting from the CEOs' sustainability orientation, it investigates if and how it leads to disruptive innovation through the mediating role of green organizational identity and the moderating influence of both green product competitiveness and CEOs' gender‐related characteristics. Two wave time‐lagged survey data from 257 Chinese SMEs are analyzed to empirically test these relationships. Results suggest that SMEs with CEOs characterized by sustainability focus foster a green organizational identity, enabling them to generate disruptive innovations. Additionally, the presence of high green product competitiveness strengthens the connection between sustainability orientation and green organizational identity. Lastly, the relationship between this latter and disruptive innovation can be further enhanced by female CEOs by leveraging their specific skills and abilities. Implications for managers, organizations, and public policy are discussed.

Testing Theories of States' Adoption of the Direct Primary

Understanding the origins of primary elections has important implications for evaluating their role in American elections. While there is little argument about the importance of primaries to the American electoral system, there is less agreement about why states adopted the direct primary and what they were intended to accomplish. Previous scholarship has laid out three theories: the strength of the progressive movement, parties' efforts to maintain one-party rule, and the urbanization of American society. Using comprehensive state-level data from 1892 to 1930, we test these theories of states' adoption of direct primaries. We find a strong influence of the strength of the progressive movement and the rate of urbanization on the adoption of the direct primary, but we do not, however, find any influence of state partisan competition. Our findings reinforce original arguments about the importance of the progressive movement and urbanization in the adoption of the direct primary.

Shift in the effects of invasive soil legacy on subsequent native and invasive trees driven by nitrogen deposition

Invasive plants can interact with soil microbes to enhance their own performance. Such interactive effects may persist and later affect plant performance and their population dynamics. Such ‘invasive soil legacy’ is the specific plant–soil feedback that can affect future invasions, while it is not clear how nitrogen deposition and interspecific competition influence invasive soil legacy. Thus, we collected field soil and conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate the effects of soil legacy of the invasive tree Rhus typhina on the performance, functional traits and soil microbial communities of R. typhina and the native tree Ailanthus altissima under three nitrogen levels with and without interspecific competition. The experiment revealed that the outcomes of invasive soil legacies were context-specific and depended on local soil nutrient levels and species competition. Specifically, nitrogen addition changed the negative conspecific soil legacy on subsequent R. typhina to a positive effect, while it became negative in A. altissima. The invasive soil legacy promoted the transpirational rate of R. typhina and A. altissima in monoculture, but inhibited it in a mixture under nitrogen deposition. Nitrogen deposition reduced bacteria and fungi biomass of A. altissima in monocultures and mixtures. In contrast, nitrogen deposition decreased bacterial and fungal biomass of R. typhina in monocultures, but enhanced them in mixtures. Therefore, changes in plant growth, transpiration rate and soil microbial biomass might contribute to the different responses of invasive and native plants to invasive soil legacies. Nitrogen deposition and interspecific competition promote the viability of invasive plants from plant–soil feedback and indicate that ranges of subsequent plants might further expand through below-ground process under nitrogen deposition in the future.

Enhanced interannual drought resilience in mixed stands: unveiling possible complementarity effects between tree species of the Spanish Northern Plateau

AbstractClimate change is expected to intensify drought in the Mediterranean region. Previous studies indicate that tree species mixing may reduce the water stress. Our study investigates the response to past drought events of four co-occurring Mediterranean species: Pinus pinea L. (stone pine), Pinus pinaster Ait. (maritime pine), Juniperus thurifera L. (Spanish juniper) and Quercus ilex L (holm oak). The study was performed at an interannual scale, both in monospecific and mixed stands. Annual tree ring widths data measured on increment cores and stem discs obtained from 281 trees were used to quantify the responses to drought events using complementary resilience indices. Additionally, we assessed tree intra- and inter-specific competition impact over the past 25 years. We fitted and compared generalised linear mixed models to determine the influence of species identity, stand composition as intra-specific and inter-specific competition on complementary resilience indices and annual basal area increment. The co-existence with other species enhanced the resistance to drought of the stone pine as the resilience capacity of the Spanish juniper. Conversely, maritime pine’s drought resistance declined considerably in mixed stands. Notably, only the anisohydric species Spanish juniper and holm oak were able to return to pre-disturbance growth rates after the drought. The influence of competition on tree growth was found to differ according to the hydrological conditions of each year and varied based on the specific source of competition. Our study showed that mixed stands in the Spanish Northern Plateau, especially with holm oak and Spanish juniper, are more resilient to prolonged droughts due to spatio-temporal complementarity and subsequent competition reduction. That is another reason for which such composed mixed stands should be promoted in the arid conditions of the Spanish Northern Plateau.

A study of market segmentation, government competition, and public service efficiency in China: Based on a semi-parametric spatial lag model.

Despite significant growth in fiscal expenditure, the overall level of public services in China remains inadequate. One approach to improving government public service efficiency from the perspective of management psychology is to strengthen government competition. However, only a few studies have explored the improvement of public service efficiency through government competition, with even fewer addressing the phenomena of market segmentation and spatial effects that accompany the process of government competition. This paper aims to fill this research gap by examining the effects of government competition and market segmentation on public service efficiency, as well as their spatial disparities. We initially employs the DEA method to assess the efficiency of public services based on inputs and outputs, and examines its spatial variations. Subsequently, a semi-parametric spatial lag panel model is utilized to validate the effects of market segmentation and government competition on public service efficiency. Our findings indicate that inter-provincial market segmentation leads to a decline in public service efficiency. Moreover, the influence of horizontal competition between local governments on public service efficiency varies depending on the degree of positive and negative effects in their competition dynamics. The impact of vertical competition between central and local governments on public service efficiency is influenced by the degree of fiscal decentralization. When the level of fiscal decentralization is below 0.808, vertical competition between central and local governments has a promoting effect on public service efficiency. However, when the degree of fiscal decentralization exceeds 0.08, this promoting effect weakens and gradually transforms into a negative influence. The insights and evidence provided by this study offer valuable guidance for for effectively reshaping the fiscal relations between the central and local governments in China and improving public service efficiency in the context of a new round of fiscal and tax system reforms.

Foreign ownership and product market competition's influence on firm performance: Mediating role of the corporate governance index

AbstractThis study examines the influence of foreign ownership and product market competition on firm performance in Vietnam's listed companies through the mediating role of the corporate governance index. Moreover, the study explores the moderating role of business strategy in the relationships between foreign ownership, product market competition, and firm performance. We use maximum likelihood structural equation modeling in Stata 14 software to analyze the data collected from 180 Vietnamese listed companies from 2015 to 2019. The results indicate that foreign ownership and product market competition positively influence firm performance by mediating the corporate governance index. Business strategy negatively moderates the relationship between product market competition and firm performance. This study has implications for managers focusing on foreign ownership and product market competition to improve corporate governance systems, enhancing firm performance. Additionally, managers may build business strategies when product market competition increases to avoid negative effects on firm performance.

Fairness-Aware Competitive Bidding Influence Maximization in Social Networks

Competitive influence maximization (CIM) has been studied for years due to its wide application in many domains. Most current studies primarily focus on the microlevel optimization by designing policies for one competitor to defeat its opponents. Furthermore, current studies ignore the fact that many influential nodes have their own starting prices, which may lead to inefficient budget allocation. In this article, we propose a novel competitive bidding influence maximization (CBIM) problem, where the competitors allocate budgets to bid for the seeds attributed to the platform during multiple bidding rounds. To solve the CBIM problem, we propose a fairness-aware multiagent CBIM (FMCBIM) framework. In this framework, we present a multiagent bidding particle environment (MBE) to model the competitors’ interactions and design a starting price adjustment mechanism to model the dynamic bidding environment. Moreover, we put forward a novel multiagent CBIM (MCBIM) algorithm to optimize competitors’ bidding policies. Extensive experiments on five datasets show that our work has good efficiency and effectiveness.

Examining the Effectiveness of Marketing Mix Components on Market Acceptance towards Natural Dye Products in Indonesia

Natural dye batik is a popular product in Indonesia, made using natural dyes derived from plants. This unique and authentic product attracts consumers who care about the environment and local culture, making it more preferred than chemical dyes. Research on the potential of natural dye products in Indonesia is important as it has great potential to develop the natural dye industry. Various marketing strategies have been used to market natural dye batik in Indonesia, but empirical testing is needed to understand how these strategies impact purchasing decisions. Studies have shown that consumer attitudes towards the environment, market competition, return rates, pricing strategies, and cultural influences impact optimal levels of environmental friendliness or greenness for products. This study examines the variable influence of marketing mix on the purchase intention of natural dye batik in Indonesia, aiming to contribute to the development of the natural dye industry and provide healthier and environmentally friendly alternatives for consumers using (PLS-SEM). The study concludes that product attributes, price, promotional approach, and place have significant impacts on consumer intention to buy with p-value 0.00, 0.00, and 0.033 below 0.05, and that executives should adopt green marketing strategies to improve consumer recommendations regarding purchase intention.