Influence Of Atmospheric Temperature Research Articles

Research on the Influence of Atmospheric Temperature on Working Capacity of Afterburner

Research on the Influence of Atmospheric Temperature on Working Capacity of Afterburner

Passive autocatalitic recombiner characteritics calculation during severe accident on AES-2006 NPP

A modern NPP is equipped by containment to hold radioactive substances and ionizing radiation bounded as design margins prescribe. Hydrogen mitigation system is used to protect containment against hydrogen fire and detonation. The system includes a scope of passive autocatalitic recombiners. Hydrogen is transformed into water, passing through said recombiners. The reaction occurs on catalyst surface. The main catalyst material is a palladium doped platinum. Hydrogen mitigation system parameters during severe accident are of interest. Wise admitted for NPP full scale tests are impossible, so the main analysis are calculations. Recombiner consists of catalytic block and stuck. The stuck provides reagents feeding and products evacuation enhancing natural convection transport. A model for calculations is suggested for recombiner with a plate-type catalyst block. The two free parameters of the model are chemical reaction intensity on catalyst and unit drag. Said parameters are estimated experimental data based on. Passive autocatalitic recombiner characteritics during severe ac- cident on AES-2006 NPP are calculated. The unit capacity is found not less that specification points. Catalyst temperatures, even the mean one, are above 500 °С, exhaust jet temperature exceeds 150 °С. Hydrogen content is high in the jet. Capacity increases linearly with hydrogen concentration at the unit entrance. Atmospheric temperature influence is low. Hydrogen mitigation system overall capacity is constant for uniform or not uniform hydrogen distribution in the containment. The calculated data may be used for recombiner work estimation during accident on AES-2006 NPP.

Research on the Theoretical Model Between Solar-blind UV and Atmospheric Temperature during Atmospheric Transmission

In recent years,solar blind ultraviolet detection has been widely used in power fault detection.Based on atmospheric temperature profile and MODTRAN,we conduct simulation analysis on the influence of atmospheric temperature on solar blind ultraviolet atmospheric transmission.And finally the relationship between atmospheric temperature and ultraviolet atmospheric transmission was obtained through wavelength analysis and curve fitting.Based on the simulation relational expression,the quantitative analysis of atmospheric temperature and atmospheric transmission can be carried out,which can promote the study of the characteristics of solar blind ultraviolet transmission in the atmosphere and improve the accuracy of corona detection.

Intercomparison study of atmospheric <sup>222</sup>Rn and <sup>222</sup>Rn progeny monitors

Abstract. The use of the noble gas radon (222Rn) as a tracer for different research studies, for example observation-based estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, has led to the need of high-quality 222Rn activity concentration observations with high spatial and temporal resolution. So far a robust metrology chain for these measurements is not yet available. A portable direct atmospheric radon monitor (ARMON), based on electrostatic collection of 218Po, is now running at Spanish stations. This monitor has not yet been compared with other 222Rn and 222Rn progeny monitors commonly used at atmospheric stations. A 3-month intercomparison campaign of atmospheric 222Rn and 222Rn progeny monitors based on different measurement techniques was realized during the fall and winter of 2016–2017 to evaluate (i) calibration and correction factors between monitors necessary to harmonize the atmospheric radon observations and (ii) the dependence of each monitor's response in relation to the sampling height and meteorological and atmospheric aerosol conditions. Results of this study have shown the following. (i) All monitors were able to reproduce the atmospheric radon variability on a daily basis. (ii) Linear regression fits between the monitors exhibited slopes, representing the correction factors, between 0.62 and 1.17 and offsets ranging between −0.85 and −0.23 Bq m−3 when sampling 2 m above ground level (a.g.l.). Corresponding results at 100 m a.g.l. exhibited slopes of 0.94 and 1.03 with offsets of −0.13 and 0.01 Bq m−3, respectively. (iii) No influence of atmospheric temperature and relative humidity on monitor responses was observed for unsaturated conditions at 100 m a.g.l., whereas slight influences (order of 10−2) of ambient temperature were observed at 2 m a.g.l. (iv) Changes in the ratio between 222Rn progeny and 222Rn monitor responses were observed under very low atmospheric aerosol concentrations. Results also show that the new ARMON could be useful at atmospheric radon monitoring stations with space restrictions or as a mobile reference instrument to calibrate in situ 222Rn progeny monitors and fixed radon monitors. In the near future a long-term comparison study between ARMON, HRM, and ANSTO monitors would be useful to better evaluate (i) the uncertainties of radon measurements in the range of a few hundred millibecquerels per cubic meter to a few becquerels per cubic meter and (ii) the response time correction of the ANSTO monitor for representing fast changes in the ambient radon concentrations.

Optimization Design of Industrial Water Supply Pump Station Considering the Influence of Atmospheric Temperature on Operation Cost

Pump type selection at a pump station affects not only the hardware investment but also the operating efficiency. The influence of atmospheric temperature on water consumption was not considered in existing studies. This article considers the uncertainty of water consumption caused by temperature as well as the configuration and operation schedule of the pump station under various working conditions. The purpose of the present paper is to achieve the minimum annual investment and operation cost of the pump station. Taking a steel plant as an example, this article analyzes the possible working conditions of cooling water in the plant, establishes the annual minimum cost objective function of the optimal design, and sets the constraint conditions. The decision variables include the selection of overall pump type and optimal operation of the pump station under different working conditions. Finally, the mathematical model of the optimal design of a water supply pump station is given. The results show that when considering the influence of temperature on water consumption, the annual comprehensive cost is reduced, the optimization effect is obvious, and a good practical effect is achieved.

Analysis of Influence of Atmospheric Parameter Fluctuation on Condenser Pressure

The influence of atmospheric temperature, humidity and pressure fluctuation on the condenser pressure is analyzed by numerical simulation. The seasons are mainly divided according to the atmospheric humidity range, and the atmospheric data are classified according to the seasons, and the fluctuation range of atmospheric temperature, humidity and pressure in specific seasons is determined, and a simplified condenser pressure coupling calculation model is established. The hypothetical iterative procedure calculates the condenser pressure value within a certain seasonal range and a certain atmospheric parameter fluctuation range. The results show that the atmospheric temperature fluctuations have a great influence on the pressure of the condenser in the spring and autumn, atmospheric humidity and pressure fluctuations have a great influence on the condenser pressure in summer. The primary and secondary analyses were carried out on several parameters of the atmosphere. The influence of temperature on the pressure of the condenser was 93%, the weight of the humidity was 6.2%, and the weight of the pressure was 0.8%, which provided a basis for optimizing the operation mode of the cold end system.

Numerical analysis of the forming process of the bearing capacity of the auxiliary pile foundation in Permafrost area

Bore Cast-in-place Piles broke the original water and heat balance state of the stratum in the bridge construction of Qinghai Tibet railway. The settlement of a bridge pile foundation was relatively large after more than ten years of operation. It was found that there is confined water in the foundation soil after investigation. Engineers planned to add auxiliary piles at the original pile side to reduce the settlement of the pile foundation.This paper studied the temperature change, bearing capacity formation rule and long-term bearing capacity change trend of the new pile-soil system after adding auxiliary piles on the original foundation, which provides certain theoretical basis and reference basis for engineering practice. A three-dimensional model of a bridge pile foundation was established by numerical method. Considering the influence of atmospheric temperature, hydrogeological conditions, concrete temperature into the mold, and the temperature of underground confined water, based on the heat transfer theory, the boundary conditions and initial conditions are given. The influence of the change of ground temperature field and the change of pile-soil interface temperature on the bearing capacity of the foundation was studied after the auxiliary pile was poured. The analysis shows that the measure to increase the bearing capacity by adding auxiliary piles is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, the auxiliary piles themselves constitute the bearing capacity together with the original pile foundation after thawing, on the other hand, the auxiliary piles are constructed by the method of pouring concrete in the field. The hydration heat of concrete makes the temperature of the original foundation soil rise, and reduces its bearing capacity. The whole bearing capacity will not be increased at the initial stage, but also will be temporarily reduced, and the whole bearing capacity will be formed after the frozen soil is frozen back in the later stage.

Influence of atmospheric temperature on shallow slope stability

The occurrence of landslide has correlations with the atmospheric temperature change. Assessing the influence of changes in atmospheric temperature on landslides is helpful for the landslide treatment. This study simulates rainfall infiltration in a homogeneous soil slope under varying atmospheric temperatures based on water–air two–phase flow theory and the heat transfer equation. The safety factor of a slide slip is calculated using the residual thrust method under different atmospheric temperatures. The results show that changes in atmospheric temperature affect the seepage field of a slope, possibly affecting the slope stability. Under the same initial and rainfall conditions, the higher the atmospheric temperature is, the higher the rainfall infiltration rate; the deeper the infiltration depth is, the higher the air pressure in the slope and the lower the slope safety factor. Numerical simulations show apparent correlations between atmospheric temperature changes and the safety factor of a slope. Thus, the higher the atmospheric temperature is, the lower the safety factor of a slope. Under certain conditions, changes in atmospheric temperature may trigger landslides.

Precipitable water and CAPE dependence of rainfall intensities in China

The influence of temperature on precipitation in China is investigated from two aspects of the atmospheric water cycle: available water vapor and atmospheric instability. Daily observations are used to analyze how rainfall intensities and its spatial distribution in mainland China depend on these two aspects. The results show that rainfall intensities, and especially rainfall extremes, increase exponentially with available water vapor. The efficiency of water vapor conversion to rainfall is higher in northwestern China where water vapor is scarce than in southeastern China where water vapor is plentiful. The results also reveal a power law relationship between rainfall intensity and convective instability. The fraction of convective available potential energy (CAPE) converted to upward velocity is much larger over southeastern China than over the arid northwest. The sensitivities of precipitation to temperature-induced changes in available water vapor and atmospheric convection are thus geographically reciprocal. Specifically, while conversion of water vapor to rainfall is relatively less efficient in southeastern China, conversion of CAPE to upward kinetic energy is more efficient. By contrast, in northwestern China, water vapor is efficiently converted to rainfall but only a small fraction of CAPE is converted to upward motion. The detailed features of these relationships vary by location and season; however, the influences of atmospheric temperature on rainfall intensities and rainfall extremes are predominantly expressed through changes in available water vapor, with changes in convective instability playing a secondary role.

Suitability of lichens to monitor climate change

The lichens are one of the most sensitive organism in nature among the different elements of biodiversity and can be affected more due to climate change. Lichens fulfil their water need from rain, fog and dew present in the atmosphere. The change in atmospheric temperature influence, to a greater extent, the thallus temperature and physiology of lichens which leads to emergence of new ecotype and finally the shift in a species. The impact of climatic factors on lichens ecophysiology, is different from higher plantsis due to the poikilohydric nature. The lichen bioindicator communities have been shown to exhibit correlation with climatic factors of an area. The changes in lichen biomass, frequency, diversity and indicatorcommunity indices, indicate changes in environmental gradients (temperature, humidity and UV radiation). A number of techniques regarding study the environmental and climatic change are available. However, the present correspondence hypothesized about some easy and low cost techniques to monitor climate change utilizing lichens. The overview will also leads to assess patterns of lichens responses with species representation and towards its understanding the current and future changes in climate of an area.

Impact of Boundary Conditions on a Groundwater Heat Pump System Design in a Shallow and Thin Aquifer near the River

The exploitation of shallow geothermal energy through a groundwater heat pump (GWHP) is always limited to thick and deep aquifers containing abundant water with a relatively stable temperature. Unfortunately, aquifers in hilly regions which occupy two thirds of China are usually thin and shallow. The boundary conditions in those hilly areas affect the groundwater flow that is used for geothermal energy production. To quantify the impact of boundary conditions on the shallow geothermal energy development, a shallow and thin aquifer near the Qingyi River in Anhui Province was chosen as a case study, and a three-dimensional heat–water model was developed using FEFLOW. The impact of the boundary conditions on the hydrodynamic and temperature fields of the aquifer was analyzed by using the developed model. Furthermore, the well locations of a pumping-recharging system near the river correspond to three different modes of pumping-recharging well layouts that were optimized based on the changes of pumping water temperature and the maximum drawdown. The simulation results indicated that the influence of atmospheric temperature on groundwater temperature is negligible below a depth of 11 m. When the river level is above 28 m, the optimal scheme of pumping-only was used (without considering recharging wells) with a certain distance from the river. This scheme not only operates efficiently, but also reduces the operation cost.

Influence of atmospheric temperature on the occurrence of irreversible pulpitis clinical cases

The present study aimed to examine the correlation between atmospheric temperature and the occurrence of irreversible pulpitis. Material and methods: Data was collected from the Department of Dentistry, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre between July 2011 and December 2012. A total of 52 pulpitis clinical cases were examined in 529 days in this study. Data on the atmospheric temperature in Porto Alegre on each day was collected from the Porto Alegre Meteorology Institute. Results and Conclusion: Correlation analysis of the temperature data and pulpitis cases was conducted using Student’s t-test, with a significance level of 5%. Although no correlation was observed between the occurrence of irreversible pulpitis and atmospheric temperature, the incidence rates were higher on days when the average temperature was greater than 25oC.

Influence of atmospheric temperature on the occurrence of irreversible pulpitis clinical cases

The present study aimed to examine the correlation between atmospheric temperature and the occurrence of irreversible pulpitis. Material and methods: Data was collected from the Department of Dentistry, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre between July 2011 and December 2012. A total of 52 pulpitis clinical cases were examined in 529 days in this study. Data on the atmospheric temperature in Porto Alegre on each day was collected from the Porto Alegre Meteorology Institute. Results and Conclusion: Correlation analysis of the temperature data and pulpitis cases was conducted using Student’s t-test, with a significance level of 5%. Although no correlation was observed between the occurrence of irreversible pulpitis and atmospheric temperature, the incidence rates were higher on days when the average temperature was greater than 25ºC.

Variações da frente da geleira Polar Club, Península Potter (ilha Rei George, Antártica Marítima) entre 1986 e 2011

As mudanças ambientais, especialmente na criosfera, podem resultar em amplas consequências globais, sendo o estudo de geleiras das regiões polares estratégicos para analisar áreas sensíveis às mudanças climáticas. Neste trabalho foram analisadas as taxas de mudança da frente da geleira Polar Club e comparadas com a variabilidade interanual da temperatura do ar, na Península Potter, ilha Rei George, a fim de compreender o impacto direto das alterações do clima local na dinâmica das áreas livres de gelo. Foi utilizada uma série de dez cenas de imagens do satélite Landsat e dados de temperatura do ar superficial entre 1986 e 2011. Os resultados evidenciam uma tendência no aumento na temperatura do ar de 0,04 ºC por ano, o que resultou no incremento de 1,03 ºC nas temperaturas médias do ar para o período de 26 anos analisados. A frente da geleira ao longo dos últimos 26 anos apresentou recuo progressivo, resultando em um aumento de 1,63 km² de área livre de gelo na Península Potter. As influências das temperaturas atmosféricas no recuo da geleira demonstraram um atraso de cerca de um ano. Apesar das evidências do aumento das temperaturas médias do ar na região, apenas a série de temperaturas atmosféricas não é suficiente para explicar essa variação observada. Este fenômeno pode estar associado à re-acomodação das tensões da camada de gelo na ilha Rei George, às mudanças nas taxas de precipitação e condições climáticas.

Corrections for temperature effect for ground-based muon hodoscopes

Influence of atmospheric temperature on muon flux at sea level is considered. Results of calculations of muon spectrum for normal atmospheric conditions, differential temperature coefficients (DTC) for muons at different zenith angles and threshold energies are presented. In calculations, a six-layer stationary spherical model of atmosphere is used, contributions of both pions and kaons as well as dependence of muon energy loss on muon energy are taken into account. Comparison of muon spectrum calculations and experimental data in a wide range of zenith angles and momentums shows a good agreement. Comparison of results of DTC calculations with results of earlier works exhibits only qualitative agreement; possible sources of differences are analyzed. Some practical questions of the use of DTC for muon hodoscope data analysis are discussed.

Contribution of environmental factors to tillering and yield of rice during dry season in Bauchi, Nigeria

Field experiments were conducted during the dry seasons of 2005 and 2006 at the Fadama Research Farm of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi (10°17' N, 9°49' E, 609 m above sea level) to study the contribution of environmental factors such as day and night soil temperatures, atmospheric temperature, sunshine hours and relative humidity on tillering and yield of two rice varieties after obtaining yield from the ten varieties of rice studied. The highest (FARO 44) and the lowest (NERICA 7) yielding varieties were used for the study. Tiller number and yield obtained from the response of the two varieties to the environmental factors were correlated and path coefficients were computed. The results showed that day and night soil temperatures with atmospheric temperatures strongly correlated with tiller number and yield of the two varieties. Atmospheric temperature however, gave the highest direct contribution among the environmental factors to tiller production and yield. Total direct contribution of 53.85 and 45.15% during tillering and 14.35 and 20.75% for yield of FARO 44 and NERICA 7 respectively was made by the influence of atmospheric temperature. A much lower percentage contribution to tiller production and yield was obtained when mutual associations of the environmental factors were analyzed. However, higher residual values of 51.55% and 61.60% for FARO 44 and NERICA 7respectively were obtained when direct and combined contribution of the factors of the environment to yield was analyzed. These results highlight the importance of atmospheric temperature as an environmental factor predictor variable in determining tillering and yield of rice under irrigation during dry season in Bauchi, Nigeria. Keywords : Rice, path coefficient, soil and atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, Nigeria IJOTAFS Vol. 1 (1) 2007: pp. 42-47

Formation of a Positive Photoresist Thin Film by Spin Coating: Influence of Atmospheric Temperature

Experimental formation of a positive photoresist film by spin coating at various atmospheric temperatures was investigated. The weight of the photoresist solution on a wafer during spinning decreases sharply during the first stage of spinning and gradually during the later stages. At a high temperature, the rate of outflow increases and that of solvent evaporation decreases in the initial stage of spinning, but the former decreases and the latter increases in the intermediate stages. In the later stages, both of them decrease. The baked film spun at a high temperature is thin up to the intermediate stages of spinning due to the higher rates of outflow in the initial stage and evaporation in the intermediate stages more than that at a low one. However, it becomes thick in the later stages due to the lower rates of outflow and evaporation.

GEORAN I, A COMPACT TWO-COLOUR EDM INSTRUMENT PART I: BASIC PRINCIPLES

AbstractThe advantage of using two colours for electro-optic measurement of geodetic distances is outlined. The choice of wavelengths used in Georan Iand the influence of atmospheric temperature, pressure and water vapour are discussed in some detail. Georan I is expected to have a maximum range of 30 km and an accuracy of better than O.5 ppm.

Influence of Atmospheric Temperature upon Reaction of Rabbits to Insulin.

The higher mortality among white rats and white mice when kept at atmospheric temperatures considerably higher than normal, after receiving injections of insulin, and their increased inclination to convulse has frequently been reported. Others have found, however, that the inclination of white mice to convulse is the same at 30°C as at 18°-20°C. It has also been found that rabbits acclimated at a temperature of 30°C required but one-half as much insulin to produce the same percentage of blood sugar reduction as those at 22°C. It was observed in the present experiments that rabbits which responded with mild convulsions, when injected with a prescribed amount of insulin at normal room temperatures, collapsed completely with the first onset of convulsions and expired forthwith after being injected with the same amount of insulin during extremely hot weather (31° to 34°), if not given immediate intravenous injections of glucose. The rabbits used were divided into 3 groups, A, B, and C. Those of group C were inclined to convulse after injections of 0.375 units of insulin per kg of body weight, those of group B with 0.5 units, while those of group A did not convulse with the larger amount. They were used but once a week and were fasted for 18 hours before each experiment. The dosage of insulin in each of these experiments was 0.375 units of crystalline zinc insulin per kg of body weight. Samples of blood were taken from each animal just before it was injected with insulin and similar samples taken each hour thereafter for 7 hours to determine the nature of the subsequent changes in the blood sugar level.

A Study of the Influence of Weather and Season upon Public Health; Made upon above 217,000 Cases of Sickness Newly Occurring at Various Institutions for the Relief of the Sick Poor in Islington, during the Nine Years 1857–1865. I. The Influence of Atmospheric Temperature

A Study of the Influence of Weather and Season upon Public Health; Made upon above 217,000 Cases of Sickness Newly Occurring at Various Institutions for the Relief of the Sick Poor in Islington, during the Nine Years 1857–1865. I. The Influence of Atmospheric Temperature